User:PedanticLlama/sandbox

ADEOS I (Advanced Earth Observing Satellite 1) was an Earth observation satellite launched by NASDA in 1996. The mission's Japanese name, Midori, means "green".

The mission ended in July 1997 after the satellite sustained structural damage to the solar panel array. Its successor, ADEOS II, was launched in 2002. Like the first mission, it ended after less than a year – also following solar panel malfunctions.

Purpose
ADEOS was designed to observe Earth's environmental changes, focusing on global warming, depletion of the ozone layer, and deforestation.

On board the satellite are eight instruments developed by NASDA, NASA, and CNES. The Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (OCTS) is a whisk broom radiometer developed by NASDA. The Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer (AVNIR), an optoelectronic scanning radiometer with CCD detectors, was also produced by NASDA. The NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT), developed with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, used fan-beam Doppler signals to measure wind speeds over bodies of water. The Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) was built by CNES to study changes to Earth's ozone layer. The Polarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectance (POLDER) device was also developed by CNES, and was also launched on ADEOS II. The Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS) was developed by NASDA and the Environment Agency of Japan, and used grating spectrometers to measure the properties of trace gases using solar occultation. The Retroreflector in Space (RIS) and Interferometric Monitor for Greenhouse Gases (IMG) were both developed by Japan, and studied atmospheric trace gases and greenhouse gases respectively.

Mission
ADEOS was successfully launched to a sun-synchronous, polar orbit from the Tanegashima Space Center using Japan's H-II rocket. Shortly after reaching orbit, all 8 instruments aboard were confirmed to be in good operational order.

Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (OCTS)
The OCTS instrument, built by NASDA, was a 12-channel (8 in visible and near-infrared, 4 in the microwave region) optical radiometer designed to measure ocean color and monitor vegetation growth across areas of interest. OCTS could then use this data to infer the quantity of chlorophyll or other dissolved substances in the ocean, as well as other physical properties (like temperature).

The east-west scanning mirror of OCTS allowed for a swath width of approximately 1,400km. This meant the entire surface area of the earth could be scanned in 3 days, which allowed for short term changes in variables of interest (e.g.; sea surface temperature or vegetation growth) to be monitored and studied.

The OCTS instrument followed an earlier ocean color measurement instrument: the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) launched in 1978. OCTS also served as the design basis for the Global Imager (GLI) instrument on ADEOS II.

Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer (AVNIR)
AVNIR is a high spatial resolution imager designed to produce high quality land cover maps and digital elevation models (DEM). AVNIR uses five bands (four multispectral bands and one panchromatic band) to produce pansharpened imagery) in the visible and near-infrared range.

Polarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectance (POLDER)
see main article: POLDER

Failure
On 28 August 1996, the satellite adjusted its attitude to control its orbit. As a result of this maneuver, the solar panel received sunlight from the rear. This caused the solar paddle mast to expand and the panel blanket to contract, placing tension on a soldered joint on the paddle, which eventually broke.

The final communication from the satellite was received at 07:21 UTC on 30 June 1997, 9 months after launch.