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Introduction
Aphalara itadori Shinji, is a species of psyllid that specializes in feeding on Fallopia japonica (Japanese knotweed), as well as other Fallopia spp.. Knotweed species originate in Asia, but throughout history they have been transported to North America and Europe to serve as an ornamentals. Since these introductions knotweed species (Fallopia sachalinensis and Fallopia x bohemica) have spread throughout North America and Europe and established themselves as a noxious weed. Presently, 180 species of arthropod exist that exhibit a predatorial behavior to Fallopia spp.. Fallopia spp. are species of concern due to their aggressive nature and destruction they can cause to natural environments. Specifically, knotweed species have been seen to disrupt riparian habitats and lead to the degradation of waterways they invade (Gerber et al., 2008).

Currently, Aphalara itadori is the only arthropod that has been extensively studied and proven to possess qualities needed in an effective biological control agent. Which is why it has been approved for release in the European Union (Shaw, Bryner, and Tanner, 2009).

Morphology
Aphalara itadori grows from egg to adult in 5 nymph phases over 33 days at 23 °C (Shaw, Bryner, and Tanner, 2009).

Effects on Knotweed
After extensive research, Aphalara itadori has been shown to defoliate knotweed species substantially. Studies have indicated that A.itadori release would result in extensive Fallopia spp. defoliation on above and below-ground biomass (Grevstad et al., 2013 & Shaw, Bryner and Tanner, 2009). Grevstad et al., 2013, showed more than a 50% reduction in biomass after 50 days on F. sachalinensis and F. x bohemica. A release would not be entirely risk free. Some individuals of A. itadori displayed characteristics of an ability to adapt and grow on non-target plants (Grevstad et al., 2013). However, the fitness level of these individuals was near zero and could result in behavioral avoidance instead. Knotweed poses a much larger risk to environments than the potential threats of Aphalara itadori and should not rule out the potential benefits the psyllid has shown to have on reducing knotweed biomass.