User:Pelinquin/Merchant sharing



Merchant sharing is an economics model based on a theory first proposed in 2013 in Europe. Merchant sharing only applies to intangibles goods in the digital world (Internet). These goods have a null marginal cost. Merchant sharing applies only on the Internet.

Principle
Our physical experience includes either free-of-charge shared goods or non-free (commercial) sell&buy goods. As a result, the concepts of sharing and trading seem conflicting. Thanks to the Internet, saving files with a null marginal cost, to enable cost&good sharing between buyers while generating an increasing income for the creator of the good. With a tiny refunding of previous buyers for each new purchase, every buyer has paid the same amount at the same time and such price is slowly decreasing to zero.

Merchant sharing then achieves a democratic principle over Internet and creates a new digital worldwide market place.

Main relation
$${\color{red}\mathcal{T}_i^{\nearrow} = i\mathcal{P}_i^{\searrow}} \qquad \forall i \in \mathbb{N}^*$$

The cumulative income $$\mathcal{T}_i$$ is increasing up to the limit $$\mathcal{T}_{\infty}$$ while the current price $$\mathcal{P}_i$$ is decreasing down to zero. $$i$$ is the current number of buyers.

The current refund value for each previous buyers is: $$\mathcal{R}_i = \mathcal{P}_{i-1} - \mathcal{P}_i$$

When the good has been bought by a large number of persons, price become null, the creator has received the expected income. The good is supposed to enter the public domain.

Particular cases

 * Pre-industrial phase: When only one instance of a good can be produced, we simply have $$\mathcal{T} = \mathcal{P}$$. The buyer acquires the good directly from the creator, on a local market.
 * Industrial phase: Serial production is available, but Internet is not yet used to regulate prices so unitary price is constant and we have the simple proportional relation $$\mathcal{T}_i^{\nearrow} = i\mathcal{P}$$. To maximize gain and reduce margin cost, companies merge to exploit the scale factor. Many intermediaries occurs to transform, transport, distribute goods. For cultural artwork, a copyright regulation is requested to share incomes between stakeholders.


 * The Post-industrial phase or digital phase uses Internet to refund the first buyers as soon as new buyers arrive, while the income for the creator is still positive (the total income increases). The general equation applies: $$\mathcal{T}_i^{\nearrow} = i\mathcal{P}_i^{\searrow}$$. Intermediaries are not needed so buyers are linked directly to the original creator.

Geometric interpretation
The cumulative Income amount equals the area of the rectangle touching the price curve. The refund equals the area under the price curve but above the Income rectangle.

For candidate solutions, the price curve should not decrease too fast because refunding would be impossible, but he price curve should not decrease too slowly because the income would not be bounded.

Solutions


The creator in an intangible good shall select the initial unitary price $$\mathcal{P}_1$$and the total expected income $$\mathcal{T}_{\infty}$$.

Exponential based solution
With a speed parameter $$\xi \in ]0,1]$$ and with: $$\lambda = \left( \frac{ \mathcal{T}_{\infty} - \mathcal{P}_1}{ \mathcal{T}_{\infty} - 2 \mathcal{P}_1} \right)^{\xi}$$

we have $$\mathcal{T}_1 = \mathcal{P}_1,\quad \mathcal{R}_1 = 0$$ and $$\forall i > 1$$:

$$\mathcal{P}_i = \frac{ \mathcal{T}_{\infty} + (\mathcal{P}_1 - \mathcal{T}_{\infty})\lambda^{1-i}}{i}$$

$$\mathcal{T}_i = \mathcal{T}_{\infty} + (\mathcal{P}_1 - \mathcal{T}_{\infty})\lambda^{1-i}$$

and the refund:

$$\mathcal{R}_i = \frac{ \mathcal{T}_{\infty}+ \lambda^{1-i} \left( 1+i(\lambda-1) \right) (\mathcal{P}_1 - \mathcal{T}_{\infty})}{i(i-1)}$$

Piece linear based solution
This simple solution defines three phases:


 * 1) Full price: $$\mathcal{T}_i^{\nearrow} = i\mathcal{P}_1 ,\quad \mathcal{T}_i \le \mathcal{T}_{\infty},\quad \mathcal{P}_i = \mathcal{P}_1,\quad \mathcal{R}_i=0$$
 * 2) Refunding: $$\mathcal{T}_i = \mathcal{T}_{\infty} ,\quad \mathcal{P}_i = \frac{\mathcal{T}_{\infty}}{i},\quad \mathcal{R}_i = \frac{\mathcal{T}_{\infty}}{i (i-1)}$$
 * 3) Public Domain: $$\mathcal{T}_i = \mathcal{T}_{\infty} ,\quad \mathcal{P}_i = \mathcal{R}_i = 0$$

Commons and file-sharing
Merchant Sharing is opposed to free file-sharing of copyright protected goods. It provides a direct income for creators and fix the issue of piracy. However, for research and education purpose results on the Internet, this economics model cannot be used, because authors are paid by public or by private institutions. Condition to enter the public domain with Merchant Sharing are not time dependent as for traditional copyright.

Merchant Sharing seems to be a fare & soft solution to limit piracy on Internet.

Money
Intangible good exchange defines a one-to-many relation implying a function based price instead of a scalar price as for tangibles goods. Such function money unit is called f-money, Worldwide defined by construction. The first f-money is noted $$\bigsqcup$$, pronounce /k^p/. It was born the 1 January 2014, with the initial exchange rate of 10⊔ = 1€. Exchange rate is then adjusted each day to be the most stabilized currencies in the currency set: {USD, EUR, JPY, GSP, AUD, CHF, CAD, HKD, SEK, NZD, SGD, KRW, NOK, MXN, INR} weighted by the respective volume value defined in the Foreign exchange market.

Usage of Merchant Sharing implies a simple, open-source, free, Peer2peer, secure digital payment system to appear in 2014/2015. Buying over Internet has no paywall and executes in one click. Strong authentication requires a dedicated application on smartphone.