User:PenangLion/Politics sandbox 3

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90% " ! colspan="7" style="text-align:left; font-size:110% " |

Constantinian dynasty
! colspan="2" style="width: 10%;" |Portrait ! colspan="1" style="width: 20%;" |Monarch ! colspan="2" |Reign !Co-emperor ! style="width: 33%;" |Description ! rowspan="2" |1 "the Great"]] Κωνσταντῖνος ὁ Μέγας Flavius Valerius Constantinus (272–337) 324 337 ! colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |12 years, 248 days ! rowspan="2" |2 Κωνστάντιος Flavius Julius Constantius (317–361) 337 361 ! colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |24 years, 171 days ! rowspan="2" |3 "the Apostate"]] Ἰουλιανός Flavius Claudius Julianus (331–363) 361 363 ! colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |1 year, 235 days ! colspan="7" style="text-align:left; font-size:110% " |
 * rowspan="2" |Statua di Costantino ai musei capitolini (cropped 4to3).jpg
 * rowspan="2" |[[Constantine the Great|Constantine I
 * style="width: 9%;" |19 September
 * style="width: 9%;" |22 May
 * rowspan="2" |Position vacant
 * rowspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |Son of Constantius, he was proclaimed Augustus of the West after his father's death on 306. He became its sole ruler after 312, and reunified the empire in 324 after defeating Licinius, his Eastern counterpart. A reformist, he consolidated Byzantium as the "New Rome", and played a crucial role in the Christianisation of the Roman world.
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 * rowspan="2" |Constance II Colosseo Rome Italy (cropped 4to3, closeup).jpg
 * rowspan="2" |Constantius II
 * 22 May
 * 3 November
 * rowspan="2" |Position vacant
 * rowspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |Second surviving son of Constantine I, he was one of three Augusti proclaimed following his father's death in 337, before becoming its sole emperor by 353. His reign witnessed constant external warfare, while his religious policies would would lead to domestic conflict following his death.
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 * rowspan="2" |Julian (cropped 4to3, closeup).jpg
 * rowspan="2" |[[Julian (emperor)|Julian
 * 3 November
 * 26 June
 * rowspan="2" |Position vacant
 * rowspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |Cousin of Constantius II and Caesar of Gaul, his army proclaimed him as Augustus in 360, nearly resulting in civil war. As the last non-Christian Roman emperor, he tried to reverse Constantine's religious policies, but was mortally wounded in battle while embarking on an expedition against the Sasanian Empire.
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Jovian interregnum
! rowspan="2" |4 Ἰοβιανός Claudius Iovianus (331–364) 363 364 ! colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" | ! colspan="7" style="text-align:left; font-size:110% " |
 * rowspan="2" |Jovian_(cropped_4to3,_closeup).jpg
 * rowspan="2" |Jovian
 * style="width: 8%;" |28 June
 * style="width: 8%;" |17 February
 * rowspan="2" |Position vacant
 * rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;"|Senior officer of the Scholae, he was elected by the army as Augustus following Julian's death in Samarra. He resumed the Roman army's retreat in Mesopotamia but failed to cross the Tigris, forcing him to negotiate a humiliating treaty with the Sasanids. He died while returning to Constantinople.
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Valentinianic dynasty
! rowspan="2" |5 Οὐαλεντινιανός Flavus Valentinianus (321–375) 364 364 ! colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" | ! rowspan="2" |6 Ουάλης Flavius Valens (328–378) 364 378 ! colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" | ! rowspan="2" |7 Γρατιανός Flavius Gratianus (359–383) 378 379 ! colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |
 * rowspan="2" |[[File:INC-3035-a_Солид._Валентиниан_I._Ок._367—375_гг._(аверс)_(cropped_4to3,_closeup).png|133x133px]]
 * rowspan="2" |Valentinian I "the Great"
 * style="width: 8%;" |26 February
 * style="width: 8%;" |28 March
 * rowspan="2" |Position vacant
 * rowspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |Tribunus militum of a scutarii regiment in Ancyra, he was elected as Augustus by the army following Jovian's death. On 28 March 364, he selected Valens, his younger brother, as Augustus of the East to prevent a succession crisis. He remained as Augustus of the West until 375, when he died of a fatal stroke.
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 * rowspan="2" |Valens_(cropped_3to4).jpg
 * rowspan="2" |Valens
 * 28 March
 * 9 August
 * rowspan="2" |Position vacant
 * rowspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |Appointed as tribunus stabulorum on 1 March 364, he was elevated to the rank of Augustus of the East on 28 March by Valens, his elder brother. Although unremarkable militarily, he was a capable administrator. Witnessing constant crises throughout his reign, he was killed in a shock defeat against the Goths in the Battle of Adrianople.
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 * rowspan="2" |Bust_of_Gratian_(cropped_4to3,_closeup).jpg
 * rowspan="2" |Gratian
 * 9 August
 * 19 January
 * rowspan="2" |Position vacant
 * rowspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |
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 * }