User:Pengo/micro

Microbiology
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 * Microbiology
 * http://www.latrobe.edu.au/microbiology/secondyr.html

Nitrogen Cycle

 * Nitrosomonas: Nitrification of Ammonia to Nitrates
 * Nitrobacter: Nitrification of Nitrites to Nitrates
 * Pseudomonas Bacillus: Denitrifcation of Nitrates to Nitrites and N2O and Nitrogen (N2)

Fungi

 * Oomycetes
 * Zygomycotina
 * Ascomycotina
 * Basidiomycotina
 * Deuteromycetes

Organisms
Yeasts - Botritis - Propionibacterium - Lactobacillus - Acetobacter - Penicillium - Streptomyces - Rhizobium - Rumen bacteria - Compost bacteria -

Bacterial diseases and bacteria
provide the full biological name + part of body affected + gram staining response + morphology (shape):


 * Diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae)
 * Meningitis (bacterial, viral, chemical, or tumour cells)
 * Whooping cough (Bordetella pertussis and related bacterium)
 * Typhoid (bacterium, Salmonella typhi)
 * Cholera (bacterium, Vibrio cholerae)
 * Syphilis (spirochaete bacterium, Treponema pallidum)
 * Plague (bacterium, Yersinia pestis)
 * Pneumonia (bacteria, viruses, fungi)
 * Legionnaires' disease (bacterium, Legionella pneumophila)
 * Tuberculosis (bacterium, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
 * Anthrax (bacterium, Bacillus anthracis)
 * Tetanus (bacterium, gram-positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobic, rod-shaped Clostridium tetani)
 * Gonorrhoea (bacterium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae)
 * Staphylococcus aureus (bacterium, gram-positive, pneumonia, meningitis and septicemia)
 * Escherichia coli (bacterium, rod shaped. mostly harmless. dysentery (esp. in children), urinary tract infection, peritonitis)
 * Mycobacterium bovis
 * Yersinia pestis (bacterium, gram-negative, rod-shaped, bubonic plague, pneumonic plague, septicemic plague
 * Treponema pallidum (bacterium, spirochaete, syphilis, yaws, bejel)
 * anthrax (bacterium, rod-shaped, gram-positive Bacillus anthracis)
 * botulism (bacterium, rod-shaped, spore-forming, anaerobic, Clostridium botulinum)
 * Brucella melitensis
 * Campylobacter jejuni
 * Bacillus stearothermophilus (bacterium, gram-positive, )
 * Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseudomonas septicemia, urinary tract infection, Pseudomonas pneumonia and chronic lung infections, endocarditis, dermatitis, and osteochondritis.

Viral gastroenteritis CDC

 * rotaviruses*
 * adenoviruses*
 * caliciviruses*
 * astroviruses*
 * Norwalk virus*, and
 * a group of Noroviruses*

Non-viral gastroenteritis
* no need to learn
 * Salmonella outbreaks in potato salad or other egg-based dishes
 * E. coli (Escherichia coli) in some undercooked meat
 * lactose intolerance
 * more about foodborne illness*: (CDC)

Childhood Diseases

 * Diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae)
 * Whooping cough (Bordetella pertussis and related bacterium)
 * German measles (rubella virus)

fecal/oral diseases

 * typhoid fever - bacteria
 * cholera
 * gastroenteritis- e.g. from chicken/eggs
 * dysentery - blood in fecies - two causes
 * shigellosis - Shigella bacteria (several types)
 * amoebic dysentery - amoeba Entamoeba histolytica.

AIDS/HIV SARS

 * legionaire's disease
 * TB

useful microbes

 * saccharomyces - bread, wine, beer, vegemite
 * cultivated mushroom - Agaricus bisporus
 * vein cheeses - Penicillium
 * sweet wine - Botrytis cinerea (noble rot)
 * yogurt - Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus salivarius, Lactobacillus bulgaricus
 * sauerkraut - acetobacter
 * Antibiotics
 * xenobiotic - xenobiotic compounds
 * "The good bacterium Lactobacillus johnsonii ousted the harmful Clostridium perfringens from chicks' guts"

microbiological terms

 * aerobe, anaerobe and microaerophile
 * mesophile, psychrophile and thermophile
 * acidophile and organotroph
 * pathogen and commensal
 * Peptidoglycan, bacteria skin.
 * virus; bacteria
 * Bacteria, Archaea and Eukaryota) (memorise at least three differences)
 * Antibiotics: Streptomyces
 * Vitamins & amino acids
 * Enzymes: Proteases & amylases
 * Sewage & wastewater
 * Streptomyces as antibiotic producers
 * zoonosis
 * refractile (of bacterial spores)
 * pasteurization, sterilization, disinfection. (and bacterial spores)
 * cocci (and morphological groupings)
 * bacterial capsule
 * capsule, glycocalyx, slime layer
 * What are capsules made of (give two or three specific examples)
 * plasmid
 * bacterial nucleoid
 * polyphosphate
 * membranes of eubacteria and archaea
 * phospholipid
 * Glycogen
 * lysozyme and penicillin affect bacterial cell walls
 * components of peptidoglycan
 * an aerobe and an anaerobe
 * an antibiotic and an antibody
 * Bacillus and Clostridium
 * a toxin and an enterotoxin
 * a peritrichousbacterium and a lophotrichous bacterium
 * Rhizobium and Agrobacterium
 * Clostridium tetani gram stain
 * ultrastructure of a bacterial spore: spore coat, exosporium, core wall, cortex, core.

Microbe inards:
 * muramic acid
 * glycogen
 * plasmid
 * dipicolinic acid
 * Rhizobium
 * 70S ribosomes
 * Agrobacterium
 * endospores
 * polyphosphate
 * peptidoglycan
 * chloroplasts
 * flagella
 * nucleoids
 * poly-&
 * flagellin
 * mitochondria
 * Streptomyces
 * glycocalyx
 * Lactobacillus
 * periplasm
 * What is the structure of bacterial endospores
 * Clostridium tetani

Microorganisms used in practical classes

 * Prac 1: A Bacillus cereus, B Staphylococcus epidermidis
 * Prac 3: A Bacillus cereus, B Staphylococcus epidermidis, C Escherichia coli, D Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E Saccharomyces cerevisae, Also mentioned (p57): Staphylococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Salmonella sp., Streptococcus, Vibrio sp., Arthrobacter, Streptomyces, Azotobacter, Rhizobium.
 * Prac 4: A Escherichia coli, B Bacillus subtilis, C Bacillus cereus, D Pseudomonas fluorescens, E Pseudomonas aeruginosa , F Staphlococcus, G Vibrio natriegens (syn: Beneckea natriegens, Pseudomonas natriegens), H Lactobacillus sp., MEA Saccharomyces
 * Prac 5: Vibrio natriegens

News and stuff

 * giardia, cryptosporidium