User:Penorhaxs


 * 2014
 * March 18 — The Republic of Crimea is annexed by Russia as two separate entities, the Federal City of Sevastopol and the Republic of Crimea
 * March 17 — The Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol declare their independence from Ukraine as the Republic of Crimea


 * 2006
 * June 8 — Serbia and Montenegro is dissolved into two separate states: The Republic of Serbia and Republic of Montenegro


 * 1993
 * January 1 — Dissolution of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia


 * 1991
 * December 12 — Independence of Russia from the Soviet Union (ratification of Belavezha Accords)
 * September 8 — The Republic of Macedonia declares independence from Yugoslavia
 * September 6 — Independence of Latvia from the Soviet Union
 * September 6 — In the Soviet Union, Leningrad is officially renamed to its original name Saint Petersburg
 * September 1 — Uzbekistan declares independence from the Soviet Union
 * August 27 — Moldova declares independence from the Soviet Union
 * August 24 — Ukraine declares independence from the Soviet Union
 * August 20 — Estonia re-declares independence from the Soviet Union
 * June 25 — Croatia and Slovenia declare independence from Yugoslavia


 * 1990
 * October 3 — Merging of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) into the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany), causing the creation of a unified Germany under the official name of West Germany
 * July 27 — Belarus declares independence from the Soviet Union
 * May 4 — Latvia declares independence from the Soviet Union
 * March 11 — Lithuania declares independence from the Soviet Union


 * 1964
 * September 21 — Independence of the State of Malta from the United Kingdom


 * 1957
 * January 1 — Saar is given to West Germany as the state of Saarland


 * 1954
 * October 26 — End of the Free Territory of Trieste, divided between Italy and Yugoslavia


 * 1949
 * October 7 — German Democratic Republic (East Germany) established in Soviet occupation zone of Germany
 * May 23 — Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and West Berlin established in U.S., British, and French occupation zones of Germany


 * 1947
 * December 15 — France claims the Saar as a protectorate from allied-occupied Germany
 * September 15 — Creation of the Free Territory of Trieste

WORLD WAR 2
 * 1939-1945


 * 1939
 * March 18 — Carpatho-Ukraine is annexed by Hungary
 * March 15 — Czechoslovakia is partitioned into the German protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, Slovakia, and Carpatho-Ukraine


 * 1938
 * September 30
 * The Munich Agreement transfers the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia to Germany and gives parts of Slovakia to Hungary
 * March 12 — Nazi Germany annexes the Federal State of Austria in the Anschluss


 * 1935
 * April 1 — The Territory of the Saar Basin is taken over by Nazi Germany


 * 1922
 * December 28 — Creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
 * December 6 — Independence of the Irish Free State from the United Kingdom.


 * 1921
 * October 12 — Upper Silesia divided between Poland and Germany


 * 1920
 * July 9 — Denmark officially incorporates northern Schleswig following plebiscite earlier in the year


 * 1919
 * September 10 — Austria signs Treaty of Saint Germain:
 * Cedes Eastern Galicia to Poland
 * Cedes South Tyrol, Trentino, Trieste and Istria to Italy
 * Recognizes the independence of Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes
 * June 28 — The Treaty of Versailles:
 * Eupen-Malmedy and Neutral Moresnet ceded to Belgium
 * Alsace-Lorraine officially ceded to France
 * Most of Posen and West Prussia ceded to Poland
 * Memel and Saarland under international administration


 * 1918
 * December 1 — Creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
 * November 18 — Independence of Latvia from Russia
 * November 15 — Serbian military invasion of the short-lived Banat Republic, Banat divided between the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes and Romania
 * November 1 — Declaration of the short-lived Banat Republic
 * March 25 — Independence of Belarus
 * March 3 — The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk creates many new states out of the western Russian Empire
 * February 24 — Independence of Estonia from Soviet Union
 * February 16 — Independence of Lithuania from Soviet Union
 * January 22 — Independence of Ukraine from Soviet Union
 * January 3 — Independence of Finland from Soviet Union


 * 1913
 * August 10 and September 23: The Treaty of Bucharest and the Treaty of Constantinople at the end of the Second Balkan War set out the following land changes in the Balkans:
 * Bulgaria gains Western Thrace and the southern portions of what are now Blagoevgrad Province and Burgas Province
 * Romania gains Southern Dobruja.
 * Montenegro gains most of what is now its Northern Region
 * Serbia gains Kosovo, most of what is now the Republic of Macedonia, and some new land to the west of its previous borders.
 * Greece gains Epirus, West Macedonia, Central Macedonia, and most of the islands in the Aegean that it did not control before the war.
 * May 30: End of the First Balkan War:
 * The Balkan League gain all Ottoman territory west of a line joining Enez and Kıyıköy (roughly the southeastern half of Turkey's present day European Territory).

1900s

 * 1908
 * August 5 — Independence of Bulgaria from the Ottoman Empire


 * 1905
 * Union between Sweden and Norway dissolved:
 * October 26 — Sweden recognizes Norway as an independent country


 * 1903
 * November 3 — Independence of Panama from Colombia


 * 1902
 * May 20 — Independence of Cuba from the United States


 * 1898
 * The United States of America gains the following territories from the Spanish Empire: Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Cuba

1870s

 * 1878
 * July 13 — The Treaty of Berlin recognizes the independence of the principalities of Montenegro, Romania, and Serbia


 * 1871
 * January 18 — Unification of Germany


 * 1870
 * September 20 — Italy annexes the area around Rome, ending the Papal States, succeeded by the States of the Church


 * 1867
 * October 18 — The United States of America purchases Alaska from Russia
 * July 1 — Canada becomes independent, with originally only four provinces


 * 1866
 * October 22 — Italy annexes the Kingdom of Venetia


 * 1865
 * April 9 — American Civil War ends, and the Confederate States of America reintegrates into USA


 * 1861
 * March 17 — The Kingdom of Italy is proclaimed in place of the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont
 * February 13 — Gaeta surrenders to Sardinia-Piedmont
 * February 4 — The unrecognized Confederate States of America secedes from the United States


 * 1860
 * November 4 — Sardinia-Piedmont annexes the Papal States of Umbria and The Marches
 * October 21 — The Kingdom of Two Sicilies is annexed to Sardinia-Piedmont, except for the Fortress of Gaeta
 * October 8 — The Argentine Nation becomes the Argentine Republic
 * Treaty of Turin. Due to plebiscites in Savoy and Nice:
 * June 14 — France annexes the Duchy of Savoy
 * June 12 — France annexes the County of Nice
 * March 22 — The United Provinces of Central Italy are annexed by Sardinia-Piedmont


 * 1859
 * December 8 — The Duchy of Parma, the Duchy of Modena and Reggio, the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, and the Papal Legations combine to form the Sardinian client state of the United Provinces of Central Italy
 * Austria cedes Lombardy from Lombardy-Venetia to France
 * France immediately cedes Lombardy to Sardinia-Piedmont


 * 1853
 * June 24 — The Gadsden Purchase gives a portion of southern Arizona and New Mexico from Mexico to the United States


 * 1849
 * July 2 — The Papal States are restored as Rome falls
 * February 9 — Rebels under Giuseppe Garibaldi take over the area of the Papal States and create the Roman Republic
 * 1848
 * February 2 — Much of the Mexican Cession is ceded by Mexico to the United States


 * 1846
 * February 19 — The Republic of Texas is officially incorporated into the United States of America


 * 1836
 * March 2 — The Republic of Texas declares independence from Mexico


 * 1830
 * October 4 — Belgium declares independence from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, and full recognition will follow in 1839
 * May 13 — Secession of Ecuador and Venezuela from Gran Colombia


 * 1824
 * December 9 — The Battle of Ayacucho end the Spanish American wars of independence in South America
 * August 6 — Bolivia declares independence from Spain, and refuses to join either Peru or the United Provinces of South America


 * 1823
 * July — The Federal Republic of Central America is created from Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua


 * 1822
 * September 7 — The Brazilian Empire declares independence from the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves


 * 1821
 * September 28 — The First Mexican Empire is established
 * September 21 — Independence of Costa Rica from Spain
 * September 15 — Independence of El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua from Spain
 * August 24 — Mexico is recognized as an independent country in the Treaty of Córdoba
 * July 28 — Peru declares independence from Spain
 * March 25 — Greece declares independence from the Ottoman Empire


 * 1820
 * March 19 — Maine becomes the 23rd state of the United States of America

1810s

 * 1819
 * December 17 — Gran Colombia is established from the previous Second Republic of Venezuela, United Provinces of New Granada, and the Presidency of Quito
 * August 7 — The Battle of Boyacá leads to the full independence of the United Provinces of New Granada


 * 1818
 * February 12 — Chilean Declaration of Independence from Spain


 * 1817
 * January 20 — The Eastern Bank of the Uruguay River (modern-day Uruguay) is annexed by the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves, and renamed Cisplatina in 1824


 * 1816
 * July 9 — The United Provinces of South America (now Argentina) declare independence from Spain
 * May 6 — Spanish reconquest of New Granada ends the early Colombian independent governments


 * 1815
 * June 29 — The Federal League (including modern-day Uruguay and several Argentine Provinces) is established
 * June 8 — The German Confederation is established


 * 1814
 * November 4 — Norway accepts a personal union with Sweden with the king of Sweden also becoming king of Norway
 * October 2 — The Battle of Rancagua marks the end of the early Chilean independent governments
 * May 17 — Norway declares full independence, electing its own king and adopting its own constitution
 * March 29 - The Netherlands are reestablished from France as the Sovereign Princedom of the Netherlands
 * January 14 — Denmark cedes Norway to Sweden through the peace of Kiel


 * 1813
 * November 4 — Dissolution of the Confederation of the Rhine declared by the Allies
 * August 7 — The Second Republic of Venezuela is declared


 * 1812
 * July 28 —  The First Republic of Venezuela is crushed by the Spanish Empire
 * June — Napoleon invades Russia


 * 1811
 * November 27 — The United Provinces of New Granada (modern Colombia) are established
 * July 5 — Venezuela declares independence from Spain
 * May 14 — Independence of Paraguay from Spain


 * 1810
 * December 13 — France annexes northern Germany (Hamburg, Bremen, Lübeck, Salm, Arenberg, Oldenburg, parts of Westphalia and Berg)
 * September 18 — The first independent government in Chile is established, starting the Chilean War of Independence from Spain
 * September 16 — The independentist Grito de Dolores in Dolores, Mexico, starts the Mexican War of Independence
 * July 20 — After similar events in numerous cities of the Spanish Viceroyalty of New Granada, independence is declared in the Capital city, Santa Fe de Bogotá (modern Colombia)
 * July 9 — France annexes Holland
 * April 19 — The First Republic of Venezuela is established, starting the Venezuelan War of Independence from Spain
 * May 25 — The May Revolution establishes the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata over the former Spanish Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, starting the Argentine War of Independence

1800s

 * 1809
 * September 17 — Sweden officially cedes Finland to Russia through the peace of Hamina
 * March 29 — The Russian Tsar is declared Grand-duke of Finland, effectively separating Finland from Sweden and turning it into a Russian autonomus duchy


 * 1806
 * August 6 — Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire
 * July 12 — Creation of the Confederation of the Rhine


 * 1804
 * January 1 — Independence of Haiti from France


 * 1803
 * The United States of America negotiates the Louisiana Purchase with France, by which the French territory of Louisiane is placed under American sovereignty


 * 1801
 * Spain annexes Olivenza from Portugal


 * 1800
 * October 1 - After a secretly negotiated treaty between France and Spain, Spain returns the colony of Louisiana to France
 * January 1 - The Kingdom of Great Britain changes its name to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland


 * 1798
 * January 4 — France annexes Mulhouse


 * 1793
 * June 25 — Avignon is transferred from the Papal States to France
 * March 2 — France annexes the Principality of Salm-Salm