User:Penorhaxs/World


 * 1783 Independence of America from Great Britain. The Treaty of Paris ends the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain on one side and the United States of America and its allies on the other (France and Spain).

The Revolution

 * 1792-95 Partition of Lithuania-Poland by Prussia and Russia. After the French Revolution, Austria, Great Britain and Portugal fight against France
 * 1798 1st Coalition: The ancient Republic of Venice is partitioned between Austria and France.
 * 1801 2nd Coalition: Austria and France annex parts of Italy.
 * 1803 The French territory of Louisiane is placed under American sovereignty
 * 1804 Independence of Haiti from France
 * 1806 3rd Coalition: Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. Creation of the Confederation of the Rhine
 * 1807 4th Coalition: Creation of the Continental System. Creation of the Duchy of Warsaw
 * 1809 5th Coalition: Sweden cedes Finland to Russia.
 * 1812 6th Coalition: End of the Continental System

The Reaction

 * 1814-15 - With the defeat of Napoleon in 1814, Europe is substantially reorganized with France losing large amounts of territory, and the reorganization of the German states. With the end of the War of 1812, the borders between British North America and the United States of America return to their pre-war borders.
 * 1817 - Paraguay, Argentina and Chile become independent from Spain
 * 1819 - Gran Colombia becomes independent from Spain
 * 1821 - The Mexican Empire separates from Spain. Peru and Bolivia become independent from Spain
 * 1822 - The Empire of Brazil separates from Portugal
 * 1823 - United Provinces of Central America separates from Mexico
 * 1825 - Uruguay separates from Brazil

The Regeneration

 * 1830 - Belgium separated from Netherlands. Major part of Grand Duchy of Luxembourg became Belgian Province of Luxembourg. The Duchy of Limburg separated from Netherlands and joined in the German Confederation. Greece regains its freedom after 400 years under Ottomans. Gran Colombia is dissolved and the following states are created: the Republic of the New Granada (Colombia), Ecuador, and Venezuela.
 * 1836 - March 2 - The Republic of Texas is declared after it separates from Mexico
 * 1838 - United Provinces of Central America dissolves into Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica
 * 1839 - The War of the Confederation which is fought between the recently formed Peru-Bolivian Confederation versus Chile. The war ends with Chile winning the war and final division of the confederacy into Peru and Bolivia.
 * 1844 - Santo Domingo separates from Haiti
 * 1845-48 - Texas is annexed by the United States. Mexican-American War occurs and ends with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in which Mexico cedes territories consisting of all of present-day California, Nevada, Utah, most of Arizona and portions of Colorado, New Mexico, and Wyoming.

The Nationalisms

 * 1860-70 - The process of Italian unification begins to take place. March 5 - Parma, Tuscany, Modena and Romagna vote in referendums to join the Kingdom of Sardinia. France forces the Kingdom of Sardinia to cede Savoy and Nice to their country. Sardinia occupies most of the Papal States with the exception of a narrow strip of land comprising Rome. The Kingdom of Italy is founded by the unification of the Kingdom of Sardinia, the United Provinces of Central Italy (a Sardinian client state), and the Kingdom of Two Sicilies. Rome joins Italy.
 * 1861-67 - American Civil War. After the Confederate States of America (CSA) is founded in February of the year, war breaks out in April, between the Unionists and the Confederates of the CSA, as well as rebel CSA-supporting governments in some southern states. The war ends with the CSA being defeated and annexed by the United States. The United States annexes Alaska after it is sold from Russia in the Alaska purchase. Frances occupies Mexico during this period.
 * 1866-71 - Denmark is forced to concede Schleswig to Prussia and Holstein to Austria. Austria cedes Holstein to Prussia and Lombardy-Venetia to Italy, a Prussian ally, after Austria loses the Austro-Prussian War. Prussia annexes the Kingdom of Hannover. Prussia and the north German states unite to form the North German Federation. Canada is created after the British North American provinces of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia join during the Canadian Confederation. The North German Federation and the south German states with the exception of Austria-Hungary join together to form the German Empire, the state which is considered the beginning of modern-day Germany. Alsace-Lorraine ceded by France to Germany.

The New Empires

 * 1878 - Serbia, Romania and Montenegro separate from the Ottoman Empire

War of the Empires

 * 1898 - The United States of America gains Puerto Rico and Cuba from the Spanish Empire, and Hawaii
 * 1902 - Cuba declares independence from United States
 * 1903 - Panama separates from Colombia.
 * 1905 - Norway separates from Sweden.
 * 1912-13 - The two Balkan Wars occur and end with the Ottoman Empire being forced to concede more territory during the Treaty of Bucharest (1913). This included allowing the creation of the state of Albania. Serbia expands to Vardar Macedonia, gaining regions including Ohrid, Bitola, Kosovo, Štip, and Kočani Greece gains Epirus, southern Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Kavala, and parts of the Aegean Littoral. Bulgaria gains Strumica, Western Thrace, and a section of the Aegean Littoral, becoming fully independent. With these losses, the Ottoman Empire is almost completely cut off from Europe.
 * 1914-18 - World War I

War of the Ideologies

 * 1917-20 — Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia declare their independence from the Russian Empire. Russia recognizes the independence of Finland, declared in 1917.  The Kingdom of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (later known as the Kingdom of Yugoslavia) is formed. The Austro-Hungarian Empire is formally dissolved by the Treaty of Saint-Germain signed September 10, 1919 and the Treaty of Trianon signed June 4, 1920.  Austria, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia are formed.  Territory of the former kingdom is additionally awarded to Italy, Poland, Romania, and Yugoslavia. In 1919, Germany suffers substantial territorial losses in the Treaty of Versailles, some of them to France.  Belgium receives Neutral Moresnet and three German cantons as compensation for extensive damage during World War I. Denmark receives Northern Schleswig from Germany (with local plebiscites concluding in 1920). Most of the Prussian provinces of Posen and of West Prussia were returned to Poland.  The east part of Upper Silesia and the area of Soldau in East Prussia are annexed to Poland as well.  Danzig and Saarland fall under the control of the League of Nations.
 * 1920 — The Free State of Fiume is established as the result of an Italo–Yugoslav border dispute.
 * 1922 — The Soviet Union is officially formed. In December, the Irish Free State separates from Great Britain.
 * 1923 — Western Thrace is ceded by Bulgaria to Greece. On the Baltic sea, Lithuania annexes the Memel territory without plebiscite. Italian military forces take control of the Greek island of Corfu.
 * 1924 — The Treaty of Rome is concluded on January 27, ending the existence of the Free State of Fiume and the Italo–Yugoslav border dispute. The treaty assigns Fiume (Rijeka) to Italy and Sušak to Yugoslavia, with joint port administration.
 * 1935 — Saar is annexed by Nazi Germany after a plebiscite was held.
 * 1938 — Austria is annexed by Nazi Germany in the Anschluss with plebiscite but also with a pre-vote invasion. On April 25, the United Kingdom returns the Treaty Ports to Ireland as part of the Anglo-Irish Trade Agreement. The Munich Agreement on September 29 permits Germany to also annex the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia.
 * 1939 — The Memel territory is ceded to Nazi Germany by Lithuania under pressure from Berlin on March 23. The rest of Czechoslovakia is taken over by Nazi Germany, a German protectorate called Bohemia and Moravia is formed on the remaining Czech land, while Slovak territory is split between a puppet state of Slovakia and land given to Hungary. On August 23, the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact is signed.  Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union invade Poland on September 1.
 * 1939-1945 - World War II

Cold War: Decolonization

 * 1945-49 Following the war, the borders of Germany were moved west to the Oder-Neisse line, while the approximate boundary of the Curzon Line was used as the eastern border of Poland. In addition to incorporating the Kresy territories, the Soviet Union also annexed the Baltic states, Carpathian Ruthenia from Czechoslovakia, and Bessarabia, Hertza, and part of Bukovina from Romania.  From Germany, the Soviet Union acquired the northeastern third of the former East Prussian exclave with the Klaipeda/Memel region becoming part of the Lithuanian SSR and the bulk of the territory forming the Kaliningrad Oblast of the Russian SFSR.  Additionally, Finland ceded major portions of Karelia and Salla to the Soviet Union as well as islands in the Gulf of Finland, the whole Petsamo, and a lease to use Porkkala as a Soviet naval base for 50 years. In the Paris Peace Treaties of 1947, Italy cedes the Dodecanese to Greece and Goriška, Inner Carniola, most of Istria, Zadar, its Dalmatian islands (such as Cres and Lastovo), and Rijeka (Fiume) to the newly established Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.  The status of Trieste, however, is still disputed between Italy and Yugoslavia and the Free Territory of Trieste is established. In 1949, the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) is formed and shortly afterwards, the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) is established on October 7.
 * 1954 — The Free Territory of Trieste is abolished and provisionally distributed between Yugoslavia and Italy.
 * 1956 — The Soviet Union returns Porkkala to Finland.
 * 1957 — With plebiscite, Saar is incorporated into the Federal Republic of Germany, having previously bordered Luxembourg, France and West Germany.

Cold War: Counter-Culture

 * 1964 — Malta is independent from the United Kingdom.

Globalism

 * 1990-93 — East Germany reunites with West Germany on October 3. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the USSR is split up into 15 independent states, including the European states of Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine and Moldova. Slovenia (June 25), Croatia (June 25), and the Republic of Macedonia (September 8) all declare their independence from Yugoslavia. Czechoslovakia is dissolved into the Czech Republic and Slovakia in the "Velvet Divorce".
 * 2006-08 — The State Union of Serbia and Montenegro is dissolved. Montenegro and Serbia each become independent states. Kosovo declares independence from Serbia.

The Identities

 * 2014 — Annexation of Ukrainian Crimea by Russia.