User:Perillanova/sandbox

Component Table:
Lamtor2 (p14): Forms heterodimer with Lamtor3 (MP1). Lamtor2 is a vital component in the stabilization of the Lamtor complex, also acting as the placement marker for Lamtor3. Absence of Lamtor2 results in reduced intracellular concentrations of Lamtor1, Lamtor 2, and Lamtor3 and the subsequent hydrolysis of Lamtor3.

Lamtor3 (MP1): Forms heterodimer with Lamtor2 (p14).

Ragulator Article Layout
page title summary

brief history-discovery

function- cell processes that use it, what it does for the cell--> lysosomes are involved in breaking down macromolecules, lysing/recycling cellular waste, and protein synthesis. in order to function accordingly, they need to be able to move to areas of need within the cell. The ragulator allows for Rag proteins to adhere to the lysosome, as well as activation of mTORC1 via v-ATPase.

Article Evaluation- 9/11/18
Differential centrifugation

= Entamoeba polecki = Entamoeba polecki is an intestinal parasite of the genus Entamoeba. E. polecki is found primarily in pigs and monkeys and is largely considered non-pathogenic in humans, although there have been some reports regarding symptomatic infections of humans. Prevalence is concentrated in New Guinea, with distribution also recorded in areas of southeast Asia, France, and the United States.
 * included a breakdown of Stoke's law equation when considering centrifugation, which is interesting. unsure if it's entirely necessary, although it does mention a modification pertinent to the subject matter.
 * Section on sample preparation was helpful in understanding how the process of differential centrifugation is carried out.
 * only 3 sources indicated in reference section: one from 1996 and the other from 2005. Perhaps updated reference could be added to reinforce information in the article?
 * The references are not linked to available web versions of the articles/books used.
 * There doesn't seem to be any in text citations, making it difficult to determine which specific reference was used for any particular content.
 * Article is flagged for having multiple issues, including references (require updates and more references in general) as well as being difficult to understand for readers, as the content refers to the suspension of cell contents in a viscous liquid, pertaining to density gradient centrifugation. My understanding is that separation of cellular contents is by mass in differential centrifugation, not density.
 * Talk page elaborates on editors' concerns with the lack of divide between differential centrifugation and equilibrium density gradient centrifugation, as well as unclear statements and lack of references.

Morphology
Mature trophozoites of E. polecki are generally 10-20 μm in diameter and irregularly shaped and possess pseudopodia for motility. Trophozoites have a single nucleus with a small central karyosome and finely dispersed peripheral chromatin, similar to that of Entamoeba histolytica . Cytoplasmic contents are similar to other Entamoeba sp. and are usually granular and vacuolated. Cysts of E. polecki are morphologically unique, containing only one nucleus, varyingly sized chromatoid bars, and a large inclusion mass.

Transmission
Transmission follows a fecal-oral route. Infected feces with mature cysts are ingested where the cyst matures to the trophozoite in the gastrointestinal tract of the host. It is considered to be a zoonotic parasite, as close contact with infected swine have been reported to be the cause of E. polecki infections in humans. Transmission to humans from consumption of pork is unlikely. Recent studies suggest that different subspecies infect non-human primates and pigs, and close inhabitation between the two do not coincide with transmission.

Pathology
E. polecki is considered to be non-pathogenic in humans. Nonspecific symptoms from infection have been reported, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, bloody stools, and fever. Prevalence of infection amongst swine may be up to 25% across the world, but tend to be asymptomatic.

Diagnosis and Treatment
Examination of stool samples for uninucleated cysts and trophozoites have been used for diagnosis. This method is not always reliable due to morphological similarities between E. polecki and other Entamoeba species. More recent diagnostic methods utilizing DNA amplification and comparison have been used to better differentiate amongst pathogenic and species such as E. histolytica and non-pathogenic species.

Treatment of infection is similar to that of other Entamoeba infections. Anti-parasitic medications such as metronidazole and ornidazole are generally used to treat human infections. Combination therapies such as metronidazole and diloxanide furoate have been effective as well.