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Francis Cecil Sumner was born in Pine Bluff, Arkansas on December 7, 1985. Even though he did not graduate high school, he attended Lincoln University and Clark University and graduated with honors. He believes much of his success stems from reading old textbooks as a young boy. Sumner’s area of focus was in investigating how to refute racism and bias in the theories used to conclude the inferiority of African Americans. Sumner’s work is thought to be a response to the Eurocentric methods of psychology. As a professor, Sumner taught psychology and philosophy at Wilberforce University (Ohio), Southern University (Louisiana), and West Virginia Collegiate Institute. In his time at these universities, he published several articles, but not without facing financial difficulty, because white research agencies refused to provide funding for him. From 1928 until his death in 1954, Sumner served as the chair of the psychology department at Howard University. For many years, Sumner served as the official abstractor for many psychological journals including Psychological Bulletin and Journal of Social Psychology. Making use of his background and knowledge of several languages, Sumner translated numerous articles from German, French, and Spanish. He was the first African American to receive a PhD degree in psychology, paving the way for many future African American psychologists. Sumner is credited, along with Max Meenes and Frederick P. Watts, with helping develop the psychology department at Howard University. He also is known for teaching famous social psychologist Kenneth B. Clark, who was an influential figure in the civil rights movement.

Harvey Carr was born in rural Indiana on April 30, 1873. He attended the University of Colorado where he earned his Bachelor of Science and Master of Science, and later earned his PhD at the University of Chicago. He credits much of his success to the values of the community in which he was raised. Carr taught high school in Texas and at the State Normal School in Michigan in 1905 and 1906, and then at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn until 1908 when he was invited to replace Watson at Chicago, where he remained until his retirement in 1938. Carr served as chairman of the Department of Psychology at Chicago from 1926 to 1938. He was elected president of the American Psychological Association in 1926 and of the Midwestern Psychological Association in 1937. He was advisory editor for the Journal of Experimental Psychology from 1916 to 1925 and associate editor of the Journal of General Psychology from 1929 to 1954. He also served for many years as General Editor of the Longman's Psychology Series. Between 1907 and 1908, Carr and John B. Watson conducted a study called the Kerplunk experiment. He began teaching in Chicago from 1926 to 1938 where he directed the experimental psychology laboratory and in 1926 he served as President of the American Psychological Association. He became Professor Emeritus in 1938. In 1925, he published Psychology: A Study of Mental Activity which would organize the functionalist ideas. Carr is usually regarded as having succeeded Angell as torchbearer for the Chicago school of American functionalism. In the course of this work, Carr invented an improved maze which became widely adopted for experiments involving albino rats and their vision and learning abilities. Carr developed a theory of functionalism that was more austere than Angell's which had sought to "discern and portray the typical operations of consciousness under actual life conditions."

Helen Bradford Thompson Woolley was born Helen Bradford Thompson in Englewood, Illinois on November 6, 1874. She received her Bachelors degree and PhD from the University of Chicago. Both her mother and her father were advocates of education for women and were very supportive of her academic interests. In 1901 Thompson accepted a teaching position at Mount Holyoke College, a liberal arts woman’s college in South Hadley, Massachusetts. In 1905 Thompson left Mount Holyoke to marry Paul Gerhardt Woolley, MD. She then took on the name Helen Thompson Woolley. They eventually settled in Cincinnati, Ohio where Woolley began to center her attention on vocational guidance. From 1909-1911 she taught at the University of Cincinnati, and in 1911 she became director of the Bureau for the Investigation of Working Children. Woolley moved from Cincinnati to Merrill-Palmer School in Detroit, Michigan. Woolley moved to the Child Welfare Institute at Teachers College, Columbia University. Thompson’s doctoral dissertation examined similarities and differences between the sexes during a time when women were widely viewed as highly influenced by their emotions and inferior to men in intellect. It was the first dissertation on sex differences, entitled The Mental Traits of Sex. Her full report of An Experimental Study of Children at Work and in School between the Ages of Fourteen and Eighteen Years in 1926 made considerable contributions to the area of child development. Woolley became one of the co-developers of the Merrill-Palmer Mental Scale for Children at the Merrill-Palmer school. She also supervised research and taught courses to undergraduate and graduate students in child psychology and child guidance. The Woman's City Club also has a scholarship in her honor.

Lillian Moller Gilbreth was born in Oakland, California on May 24, 1878. She graduated from the University of California in 1900 with a bachelor's degree in English literature and was the first female commencement speaker at the university. She originally pursued her master's degree at Columbia University, where she was exposed to the subject of psychology through courses under Edward Thorndike. However, she became ill and returned home, finishing her master's degree in literature at the University of California in 1902. She attended Brown University and earned a PhD in 1915, having written a second dissertation on efficient teaching methods called "Some Aspects of Eliminating Waste in Teaching". While residing in Providence, Rhode Island, she and husband taught free two-week summer schools in scientific management from 1913 to 1916. They later discussed teaching the "Gilbreth system" of motion study to members of industry, but it was not until after her husband's death that she created a formal motion study course. Her first course began in January 1925, and it offered to "prepare a member of an organization, who has adequate training both in scientific method and in plant problems, to take charge of Motion Study work in that organization." She became the first American engineer ever to create a synthesis of psychology and scientific management.