User:Persept/sandbox

Nefiracetam is a nootropic antidementia drug of the racetam family.

Nefiracetam's cytoprotective actions are mediated by enhancement of GABAergic, cholinergic, and monoaminergic neuronal systems that give antiamnesia effects to the Alzheimer's type and cerebrovascular type of dementia.

Concerns
Animals which metabolize nefiracetam differently than humans and primates are at risk for renal and testicular toxicity. Dogs especially are particularly sensitive, which has been shown to be caused by a specific metabolite, M-18. Higher doses than those in dogs were needed to cause testicular toxicity in rats, although no toxicity [9] and [10]., however, was seen in monkeys. Additionally, there has been no evidence of toxicity during clinical trials  