User:Peteotube

Hummel Bird
The Hummel Bird in an Experimental/Amateur Built aircraft designed by Morry Hummel. It is a single seat, single engine, all metal airplane typically powered by a 1/2 VW engine in the 32hp-45hp range although other engines have been used successfully. It is built from plans, but many of the components are available pre-made from Hummel Aviation. Examples have been built for less than $4,000 with extensive "scrounging" but with all new material and a pre-built engine, a more likely figure would hover near $8,000-$10,000.

Development
The Hummel Bird is a derivative of an earlier design known as the "Teenie-Two". Originally designed by Calvin Parker, the design was featured in Popular Mechanics May 1971. Plans for the Teenie Two were originally offered for sale in 1969 and and are still offered today with more than 12,000 sets sold.

The next generation of the design was called the "Windwagon". Designed by Gary Watson, the windwagon shares a great deal of the design elements of the Teenie Two and debuted at the Experimental Aircraft Association fly-in in Oshkosh, Wisconsin in 1978. The most obvious variation from the Teenie Two is in the fuselage. The Windwagon fuselage is smaller and is essentially a union of two cones. One that starts at the seat back and tapers to the back bulkhead and another that tappers forward of the seat back to the firewall. This design element would carry on to the Hummel Bird.

In the fall of 1979 Morry Hummel purchased the plans for Gary Watson’s Windwagon and the development of the "Hummel Bird" began. Because of the weather in Hummel's state of Ohio, a canopy was needed. The horizontal stabilizer attach construction was re-designed. The seat back was raised 5 inches so a shoulder harness could be added, and the instrument panel was raised 2 inches, increasing fuel capacity and leg room. The wing was completely re-engineered. The dihedral break on the Windwagon was in the middle, Morry made the center wing section straight and put the dihedral break at the point where the outer wing panels bolt to the center section. The Hummel Bird spar is built up of 1/8 6061-t6 aluminum, with a .040, 2024-t3 spar web. The angles are doubled in the center section, and tapered in the outer panels. The number of ribs was increased, the thickness of the skin was reduced, and the skins get even thinner toward the tips. The ribs are now a two piece design with one in front of the spar(nose rib) and one between the spars(main rib). The skins are riveted to the spars with no bump where the one piece ribs previously crossed the spar. Both the Teenie Two and the Windwagon had tricycle landing gear, however, Morry preferred conventional landing gear so the design was converted to a taildragger. There were other changes as well, compromising a significant improvement over the wind wagon. He finished his project in July of 1980. In July of 1982, the plane was featured in an article written by Jack Cox, of Sport Aviation. Jack dubbed Morry’s new creation the “Hummel Bird” and the name stuck.

Originally builders had to buy Windwagon plans as well as Hummel's modifications and try to incorporate the two. This proved very difficult. One of those builders was Bill Spring. An engineer by profession, Spring took a great many photos and consulted with Morry Hummel until he had the complete design. He then created CAD drawings and a builders manual which now comprise the plans package available from Hummel Aviation.

Variations
Some notable variations of the aircraft include:

Fuel: The standard location of the fuel tank is forward of the instrument panel. Some builders have moved it to the leading edges of the wings. By creating a sealed leading edge tank, the fuel is moved away from the pilot for better crash survivability with the added benefit of more than doubling the fuel capacity.

Fuselage: The plans state that a builder can increase the width and/or height of the bulkheads in an effort to make the fuselage more hospitable for larger pilots.

Engines: The standard engine for the design is the four-stroke, 1/2 VW engine. An engine literally made by cutting the block of a standard four cylinder VW engine in half. After machining and welding, the remaining two cylinder engine is light and powerfull. Alternative engines include the more powerful but heavier four cylinder VW engine, the two-stroke Rotax 447, even the McCulloch 0-100-1 drone engine popular with the early gyrocopter builders.