User:PeterHuntington/Sandbox

Research topics

The group achieved immortality as “The Manouchian Group,” and in 1955 Louis Aragon wrote a poem about them, whose final stanza was:

They were twenty-three when the rifles blossomed Twenty-three who gave their hearts before their time Twenty-three foreigners but still our brothers Twenty-three who loved life to death Twenty-three who cried out “France!” as they fell.

See: Melinée Manouchian — Manouchian and Philippe Ganier Raymond — L'Affiche Rouge.



On the afternoon of February 21, 1944, 23 members of a Communist Resistance movement, the Francs Tireurs et Partisans - Main - d'oeuvre immigrée (FTP-MOI), were executed at Mont Valerian. The one-day trial of these men and women, who were to become known as the Manouchian Group (after the leader of the Parisian section of the organization, the Armenian activist and poet Missak Manouchian), had been the subject of a huge publicity campaign in the collaborationist press. The reason for the campaign was simple: of the 23, 20 were foreigners, and of them, 11 were Jews. The goal of the publicity campaign was to use the Manouchian Group to paint the Resistance as a Communist, foreign and (more specifically), a Jewish affair. The daily France-Soir headlined its coverage of the trial with: “The trial of the 24 Judeo-Communist terrorists/The Jew Rayman and Alfonso, accomplices of Missak Manouchian, tell judges the story of the murder of Dr. Ritter.”

The campaign reached its height (and attained immortality) through the publication and posting throughout France, in the days before the execution of l'Affiche Rouge: The Red Poster. The poster asked: “Liberators?” And, below photos of derailed trains, a bullet-riddled body, and an arms cache, answered: “Liberation! By the army of crime.” More importantly, and more to the Nazi’s point, were the ten photos placed within circles identifying members of the group and their “crimes.” “Alfonso — Spanish Red — 7 attacks” “Grzywacz — Polish Jew — 2 Attacks,” “Rayman — Polish Jew — 13 Attacks.” At the apex of the inverted triangle of photos, pointed to by an arrow, were the words: “Manouchian — Armenian — Chief of the Group — 56 Attacks 150 dead 800 Wounded.”

Instead of condemning them, this poster was to live on and serve as the Manouchian Group’s memorial.

The Group fought the Germans as part of the FTP-MOI, a part of the larger Francs Tireurs et Partisans (FTP), and the continuation of the French Communist Party’s (PCF) pre-war organization for immigrant workers, Main d'oeuvre immigrée. Their actions at the beginning of the occupation consisted of carrying out sabotage of factories working for the Germans, and of aiding in the return of immigrant Communists to their occupied homelands to join the Resistance.

By summer 1941 (and the invasion of the Soviet Union) the PCF’s occasionally ambiguous positions on resistance changed, and along with propaganda work among the occupation troops, armed struggle became the order of the day. The FTP-MOI was at the heart of it in Paris.

Arson at factories producing for the Germans; derailing of trains; attacks on German soldiers, all were carried out by these soldiers of the army of the shadows. Bomb factories were set up, false papers were manufactured; clandestine presses operated in Yiddish, Italian, Spanish, Hungarian, Armenian, Romanian...

The Parisian branch of the FTP-MOI, under the direction of Missak Manouchian, earned a reputation for daring through such large-scale actions as the attempt to kill von Schaumburg, Commander of German troops of Paris, and the successful execution on September 28, 1944 of SS General Ritter, head of the hated Service du Travail Obligatoire, the German forced labor service. An idea of the extent their activities can be gathered from just one day’s activities, those of September 8, 1943 (just weeks before the group’s capture): Derailing of a train on the Paris- Reims line; the execution of two feldengendarmes in Argenteuil; two soldiers killed at the Porte d'Ivry; a sergeant killed on the rue de la Harpe; two other Germans shot at an undisclosed location.

But by the summer of 1943 the group was in trouble. It was beginning to appear that the Germans and their French auxiliaries were hot on their trail. The PCF removed most of the non-immigrant resistance, the FTP, from Paris, but left the FTP-MOI behind. By this time the entire armed Resistance in Paris consisted of several tens of immigrants (during the months from August to October 1943, they averaged 60 members, of whom 37 were combatants), one of whose leaders had cracked under torture and given the authorities the information they needed to track and capture the Manouchian Group. By November, all of its members had been captured and were interrogated and tortured in the months between their imprisonment and their trial in February 1944.

This was to be the cause of a political scandal 40 years after the war’s end, with the publication of several books on the Manouchian Group and the release of the film “Des Terroristes en Retraite.” Did the PCF knowingly abandon these foreigners to their fate? Should they have been removed from the line of fire? Or did the benefits outweigh the risks, and was it reasonable to hope that these men and women would continue to find a way to escape their pursuers?

The PCF had political reasons to keep the Manouchian Group in Paris. It was becoming clear that the Allies would eventually win the war, they needed to have their fighters in Paris, and their most effective fighters in Paris; the FTP-MOI. As proof: in the last months before the capture of the FTP-MOI, Courtois, Peschanski and Rayski, in their book Le Sang de l'Etranger, cite 40 actions in Paris and its surrounding region. Abraham Lissner, a member of the FTP-MOI, lists in his memoirs several hundred actions and articles of military material destroyed. After the capture of the Manouchian group, there was no further activity.

The argument will probably never be settled, but one thing is certain: there is no other example in the annals of the anti-Nazi resistance of such wide internationalist participation and sacrifice in a country’s resistance movement. It is in recognition of this that every year a gathering is held in their memory at the burial place of most of their members, the Parisian Cemetery of Ivry. And on their graves figure the words: “Mort pout la France.” Died for France.

The members of the group were:

Celestino Alfonso — Spaniard Olga Bancic — Roumanian Joseph Boczov — Romanian Georges Cloarec — French Rina Dell Negra — Italian Thomas Elek — Hungarian Maurice Fingerczwajg — Polish Spartaco Fontano — Italian Imre Glaz — Hungarian Joans Geduldig — Polish Leon Goldberg — Polish Szlama Grzywacz — Polish Stanislas Kubacki — Polish Arpen Tavitian — Armenian Cesare Luccarini — Italian Missak Manouchian — Armenian Marcel Rayman — Polish Roger Rouxel — French Antonio Salvadori — Italian Willy Szapiro — Polish Amadeo Usseglio — Italian Wolf Wajsbrot — Polish Robert Wichitz — French



One of the most controversial conflicts of the Petain's regime involved the Manouchian group and the governing body of Vichy France. Named after the leader of a sect of the Communist Resistance movement, Missak Mauouchian, this 23 person group was involved in organizing immigrant workers against German occupation. The Manouchian Group led raids against German factories and complicated the ability of the Germans to organize troops. The raids included covert attacks on soldiers, derailing of trains, the distribution of papers printed in various languages that supported the Resistance movement, and the destruction of German military papers.

This Parisian section of the French Communist Party was the most effective fighting force available to the organization, and a majority of the high scale attacks on German military leaders can be attributed to them. However, as investigations by both domestic and German police forces led the enemy closer to discovering the identities of those involved, the main branch of the French Communist Party was unable to evacuate the members from France.

Out of the twenty three members of the Group, twenty were foreigners and eleven were Jewish. They had a highly publicized trial and execution that authorities capitalized upon in the hopes that the example set would discourage further underground resistance actions. The backgrounds of the individuals involved exposes the international efforts involved in the liberation of France. Although undoubtedly figures like Charles de Gaulle were central in organizing the resistance movement, the international peoples involved show the global refusal to succumb to the ideologies of Nazi Germany.

Before their executions, every member of the Group was allowed to write a last letter to a relative or loved one. These letters, touching and uniform in the nationalistic fervor and desire for a free France illustrates the emotion behind the resistance.

Below is a link to the letters written by the Manouchian Group. I would encourage you to read a few to better understand the depths to which these men and women would go for their fight against an aggressor that threatened their liberal ideals.

Source: Lettres des Fusillés, preface de Jacques Duclos, Editions Sociales, Paris. 1970; Translated: by Mitch Abidor.

The Red Poster - FTP-MOI - Groupe Manouchian 1944 FTP-MOI - Paris, Groupe Manouchian Francs-Tireurs et Partisans de la Main d'Oeuvre Immigrée FTP-MOI were a sub-grouping of the Francs-tireurs et partisans movement in the French Resistance to the German occupation of France during World War II. It originated from the Main d'Oeuvre Immigrée. FTP-MOI - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francs-Tireurs_et_Partisans_de_la_Main_d'Oeuvre_Immigrée

The FTP-MOI groups were had been created in the Paris region at the same time as the Francs-tireurs et partisans, in 1941. Their ranks were filled with members from the Main d'Oeuvre Immigrée. Foreign communists living in France but not part of the French Communist Party had been put in place in May 1942. Although integrated with the FTP, these groups depended directly on Jacques Duclos, who passed on orders from the Communist International (Comintern). The FTP-MOI were among the most active and determined resistance groups, particularly as being foreigners, and mostly Jews, they were under the direct watch of the Vichy regime, which left them no choices but secrecy or internment.

Because they depended directly on the Comintern, with Duclos as intermediary, it was often they who were on the front line when the order to fight came from Moscow.

The Parisian groups were initially led by Boris Holban, then Missak Manouchian. When Manouchian was arrested, Holban took over again from the beginning of 1944. Their trial was held in front of a German military tribunal at the hôtel Continental. It began on 17 February 1944, lasted between two and four days, and after a 30-minute deliberation, reached the following verdict: 23 accused were condemned to death, with no possibility of appeal. 22 were shot immediately on the 21 February 1944 at mont Valérien. The execution of Olga Bancic was suspended for further enquiry. In a new sentence passed on the 10 May 1944 at Stuttgart, she was condemned to death and promptly beheaded by axe.

One accused, Migratulski, was transferred to French jurisdiction.

1944 - The red poster reads: "Liberators? Liberation by the army of crime!" GRZYWACZ: Polish Jew, 2 terrorist attacks ELEK: Juif Hungarian Jew, 5 derailments WASJBROT: Polish Jew, 1 terrorist attack, 1 derailment WITCHITZ: Polish Jew, 15 terrorist attacks - although it is unclear if Witchitz was in fact Jewish or Polish FINGERCWAJG: Polish Jew, 3 terrorist attacks, 5 derailments) BOCZOV: Hungarian Jew, chief of derailment operations, 20 terrorist attacks FONTANOT: Italian Communist, 12 terrorist attacks. His correct name was Fontano ALFONSO: Red Spaniard, 2 terrorist attacks RAYMAN: Polish Jew, 13 terrorist attacks MANOUCHIAN: Armenian, boss of the gang, 56 terrorist attacks, 150 dead, 600 wounded Affiche Rouge: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affiche_rouge http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affiche_rouge http://l-afficherouge-manouchian.hautetfort.com/temoignages "La traque de l'affiche rouge" (1 - 4): 1) - http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x39u9r_la-traque-de-laffiche-rouge-14 2) - http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x39uhe_la-traque-de-laffiche-rouge-24 3) - http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x39ung_la-traque-de-laffiche-rouge-34 4) - http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x39v2n_la-traque-de-laffiche-rouge-44 - same France TV 2006 La traque de l'Affiche rouge http://www.veoh.com/browse/videos/category/educational/watch/v7448354D7e2gdTy# L'affiche rouge (Poem) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L'affiche_rouge_(Poem) Heroes and Martyrs of the Resistance - France 1940-45 The Manouchian Group (The Last Letters) http://www.marxists.org/history/france/resistance/manouchian/index.htm Vichy France: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vichy_France

"There was such a friendship between us, between all these people coming from everywhere, Jews, Spanish, Italians, Germans, Armenians and French of course. A brotherly friendship which surpassed all that you can imagine" Arsene Tchakarian, of Armenian origin, One of the only two survivors of a group called Groupe Manouchian under FTP-MOI, Paris. .



RUE DES ROSIERS (from French Wikipedia)

La rue des Rosiers est une rue du centre de Paris, qui parcourt une partie du 4e arrondissement d'est en ouest. Elle mesure 303 mètres de long. Sa partie centrale, sombre, étroite et légèrement sinueuse, a échappé au réalignement des rues du baron Haussmann Ce site est desservi par la station de métro : Saint-Paul. Sommaire [masquer] 1 Notoriété 2 Histoire 3 Faits marquants 4 Mémoire et identité 5 Liens externes 5.1 Sources et références 6 Références Notoriété [modifier]

Deux sandwiches typiques, falafel et shawarma C'est la rue principale d'un quartier traditionnellement juif, dont la communauté ashkénaze est cependant récente. Elle compte de nombreux magasins, commerces alimentaires, librairies et restaurants typiques. La rue est connue pour ses falafels: cinq restaurants s'y font une concurrence effrénée. Depuis les années 1980, des boutiques de luxe (vêtements, parfums, accessoires) ont pris place et modifient lentement l'aspect de la rue (ce que déplorent certains commerçants et habitants, qui ont pétitionné et manifesté). Des travaux de voirie réalisés en 2007 (pavage, plantations, éclairage) participent du même mouvement de rénovation, et rendent à la rue le calme des petites rues du Marais. Un jardin public est en construction, le Jardin Francs-Bourgeois-Rosiers, qui sera accessible par le no 10 de la rue, et qui permettra de rejoindre la rue des Francs-Bourgeois (no 31 à 35). Il est le résultat de la réunion de plusieurs jardins d'hôtels particuliers (Hôtels de Coulanges, de Barbes et d’Albret). En 2008, seule la première tranche du jardin est réalisée, côté Francs-Bourgeois, et on y accède par le hall de la "Maison de l'Europe" au 35-37, rue des Francs-Bourgeois. La rue des Rosiers est piétonne le dimanche, depuis 20061. Du coup, comme la rue des Francs-Bourgeois voisine, elle est très passante. Le reste du temps, elle est peu empruntée, même par la circulation automobile (dos d'âne, pavés, limitation à 30 km/h).

Rue des Rosiers Histoire [modifier]

La rue semble avoir été créée au xiiie siècle, le long des remparts de Philippe Auguste. Des rosiers poussent alors contre les hauts murs, et lui donnent son nom, attesté dès 1230. Le mur d'enceinte est encore visible par endroit, dans la cour du numéro 82 par exemple (ainsi qu'aux nos 10 et 14). À l'origine, la rue des Rosiers suivait un dessin en équerre. Elle partait de la rue du Roi-de-Sicile, continuait dans ce qui est actuellement la rue Ferdinand-Duval, puis tournait à angle droit jusqu'à la rue Vieille-du-Temple. La partie la plus à l'est de l'actuelle rue des Rosiers, entre la rue Ferdinand-Duval et la rue Pavée, était une impasse appelée rue de la Quoquerée (1292), cul-de-sac de la Lamproie (1400), rue Coquerée (1415), rue Coquerrie (1540), puis Cul-de-sac Coquerelle (ou impasse Coquerelle). De 1848 à 1850, la rue fut finalement élargie et prolongée jusqu'à la rue Malher. L'actuelle rue Ferdinand-Duval s'est séparée de la rue des Rosiers au xve siècle, a pris le nom de "rue des Juifs", avant d'être rebaptisée en 1900 "rue Ferdinand-Duval" après l'affaire Dreyfus. La présence de la communauté juive est ancienne, mais elle a été soumise aux aléas politiques (ordonnance d'expulsion des Juifs de Charles VI de France en 1394) qui provoquent afflux et reflux des populations. Au xxe siècle, un peuplement important a lieu entre 1881 et 1914: environ 20 000 personnes s'implantent dans le quartier, après avoir fui les persécutions en Roumanie, Autriche-Hongrie et Russie. Cet afflux de réfugiés explique la prédominance de la communauté ashkénaze, ainsi que la forte image du Pletzl au xxe siècle. La rue des Rosiers fut également un lieu de culte chrétien. Une statue de la Vierge était érigée en effet à l'angle de la rue des Rosiers et de la rue Ferdinand-Duval. Elle fut mutilée en 1528, au moment des persécutions contre les Protestants. En remplacement, François Ier vint lui-même poser une effigie en argent, qui fut volée en 1545. Remplacée à nouveau par une statue de pierre, qui existait encore en 1789, la figure de la Vierge a finalement disparu. Enfin, une "rue des Rosiers" a existé dans la Commune de Montmartre, qui ne faisait pas encore partie de Paris. Pour éviter la confusion, elle est devenue la rue du Chevalier-de-la-Barre. Une photographie truquée célèbre3 de la Commune de Paris porte ainsi l'ancien nom de la rue. Faits marquants [modifier]

Au no 4 de la rue des Rosiers. Façade de l'ancien Hammam Saint-Paul. Au no 4 se trouvait un hammam réputé, le "Hammam sauna Saint-Paul" construit en 1863 (à une époque où les appartements ne disposaient pas de salles de bain). Vendu en 19904, c'est devenu une boutique dont seule la façade, qui porte toujours l'inscription "HAMMAM SAINT-PAUL - SAUNA - PISCINE", rappelle l'ancienne destination. Des commerces de mobilier et de vêtements s'y sont successivement installés. C'est également au no 4 que se trouve la radio associative Radio J.

Au no 4bis de la rue, entrée de l'"École de travail" Au no 4 bis se trouve une école privée d'enseignement professionnelle, l'école de travail5. À l'origine, en 1852, il s'agissait d'un foyer pour apprentis, « société de patronage des apprentis et ouvriers israélites de Paris » créé par trois étudiants de bonne famille. Un internat se met en place à partir de 1865 (le premier élève de l'École, Léon Dreyfus, en est sorti en 1869, après y avoir étudié l’horlogerie), dirigé par une association à but non lucratif (créée en 1878). En 1885 l'École de travail devient propriétaire de ses murs et, à partir de 1907, propose des cours "théoriques" en complément de l'activité d'apprentissage. L'école a payé un lourd tribut à la barbarie nazie: une plaque commémorative en témoigne. À LA MÉMOIRE DU DIRECTEUR, DU PERSONNEL ET DES ÉLÈVES DE CETTE ÉCOLE ARRÊTÉS EN 1943 ET 1944 PAR LA POLICE DE VICHY ET LA GESTAPO, DÉPORTÉS ET EXTERMINÉS À AUSCHWITZ PARCE QUE NÉS JUIFS. Parmi les anciens élèves de l'École se trouve Wolf Wajsbrot, membre du « Groupe Manouchian », qui fut fusillé au Mont Valérien pour ses faits de résistance et dont la mémoire a été honorée le 3 février 2010 (La cérémonie en photos). En 2002, l'École acquiert un second bâtiment à Paris. En 1957, l'École se rapproche de l'ORT (Union mondiale ORT, Organisation, reconstruction, travail) et devient une école professionnelle à temps complet. En 2003, l'École a été le lieu d'une étude ethnologique (L’École de Travail, rue des Rosiers, par Frédéric de Goldschmidt. Jusqu'en juin 2009 elle sera dirigée par Hubert SAKSIK qui a consacré sa vie à la réussite des apprentis. Après des changements de statuts en 1961 et 1973, l'École devient Centre de formation d’apprentis (CFA) et prépare désormais à un BTS (Fluides-Energie-Environnements option Maintenance), cinq baccalauréats professionnels (Comptabilité, Technicien en Installation des Systèmes Energétiques et climatiques, Technicien du Froid et du Conditionnement d'Air, Maintenance des Véhicules Automobiles et Electrotechnique Energie Equipements Communicants), quatre CAP (Préparation réalisation ouvrages électriques, Installateur sanitaire, Installateur thermique, Maintenance de véhicules particuliers) et une classe préparatoire à l'apprentissage pour les plus jeunes à partir de 15 ans (Les formations proposées).

L'ancien restaurant Goldenberg, à l'angle de la rue des Rosiers et de la rue Ferdinand Duval, abrite aujourd'hui une boutique de vêtements à la mode. Au no 7 se trouvait un restaurant réputé, tenu par Jo Goldenberg. Fermé en 2006, il était connu pour sa cuisine traditionnelle6. Un violent attentat y avait eu lieu en 1982 (voir Fusillade de la rue des Rosiers) dont les traces étaient encore visibles sur la vitrine 10 ans après. En 2010, un magasin de vêtements a pris possession des locaux, tout en gardant la devanture7. Au no 16, dans l'ancien "Café des Psaumes", au rez-de-chaussée du bâtiment appartenant à l'OPAC, ont lieu ponctuellement des événements culturels (exposition, projection de films). On distingue dans la cour les vestiges d'un hôtel particulier, une entrée d'escalier, un mascaron. Le local devrait être repris par l'Œuvre de secours aux enfants qui en ferait un « café social »7.

La Schule (synagogue) du 25, rue des Rosiers Au no 17 se trouve l'une des deux synagogues de la rue où a enseigné Menachem Mendel Schneerson, l'autre étant au no 25. Il s'agit de deux synagogues orthodoxes non-consistoriales. L'une (no 17) est signalée par une lumière rouge au premier étage, l'autre (no 25) par un panonceau au premier étage avec l'inscription "Schule" qui signifie synagogue en yiddish et en judéo-alsacien. Au no 22, il y avait au début du xxe siècle un restaurant social, « Au fourneau économique » (ancêtre des "Restos du cœur") où l'on mangeait à bon marché (en 1914, pour 2 sous, soit 2 centimes d'euros, on avait une portion de viande, ou un bouillon, ou un plat de légumes). On apportait son pain si l'on en voulait, si on le pouvait.8 Au no 23 se trouve un hôtel du xviie siècle, construit sur l'emplacement d'une maison ayant appartenu à François Bugadel puis au Comte de Tancarville. En 1650, elle appartient à un certain Genlis, puis en 1750 au lieutenant-colonel de cavalerie d'Estat. À son propos se colporte la mauvaise légende qu'il tint son avancement au comportement de sa femme et qui fit dire à ses rivaux: «Quand on fait son chemin par l'épée, c'est bien moins rapide que par la robe». Au no 26 résidait Yvette Feuillet (25 janvier 1920 - 1943), résistante dans les FFI avec le grade de sergent, déportée et assassinée à Auschwitz, citée à l'"ordre de la Résistance". Une plaque en rappelle le souvenir.9 Son père était boulanger, elle était ouvrière dans l'industrie des lampes, et travaillait dans le 11e arrondissement, rue Sedaine. Elle était également la trésorière du foyer dans lequel elle habitait rue des Rosiers. Au no 33, une transaction notariée indique que la maison a été vendue en 1645 à un épicier du nom d'Henri Bruslé. Au no 34 résidait Louis Shapiro (28 mars 1913 - 30 avril 1944), résistant et commandant dans les FTPF, fusillé au Mont Valérien. Au-dessus de la porte d'entrée de l'immeuble, une plaque rappelle son souvenir. Au no 35 se trouve une maison qui fut saisie en 1645 à la requête de Philippe de Champaigne: Claude Bourgeois dut vendre à un pâtissier du nom d'Étienne Laporte.

Une boulangerie réputée, à l'angle de la rue des Rosiers et de la rue des Écouffes Un célèbre passage du film Les aventures de Rabbi Jacob de Gérard Oury, en 1973, se déroule rue des Rosiers - en réalité dans une rue de Saint-Denis pour les scènes d'extérieur et dans une reconstitution en studio pour ce qui est de la synagogue. À l'angle de la rue des Rosiers et de la rue des Écouffes se dresse un bonhomme en fil de fer, symbolisant un juif orthodoxe traditionnel avec chapeau et papillotes, comme Rabbi Jacob. L'une des aventures de Nestor Burma, dans la série "Les nouveaux mystères de Paris", s'intitule Du rébecca rue des Rosiers. Léo Malet y décrit le quartier tel qu'il apparaissait à l'époque, en 195810. Il a été porté au petit écran en 1992 par Maurice Frydland (voir Nestor Burma (série télévisée)). L'une des scènes se passe dans la librairie Bibliophane de la rue des Rosiers. Les éditions Bibliophane, au no 26 de la rue, ont publié un roman de Michèle Kahn intitulé Le Schnorrer de la rue des Rosiers, où un mendiant écoute l'histoire (vraie) d'un homme heureux, rescapé de divers camps de concentration. Mémoire et identité [modifier]

Le quartier Saint-Gervais, dont la rue des Rosiers est l'épicentre, c'est, selon Anne Grynberg : « Tout un univers d'immigrés issus de la yiddishkeit (culture du monde yiddish) avec lequel beaucoup de Juifs gardent toujours un lien, fort encore ou bien ténu, qui les conduit à venir le dimanche arpenter les rues du quartier, à se presser à la veille des fêtes pour acheter rue des Rosiers ou rue des Écouffes des produits traditionnels qu'ils pourraient trouver beaucoup plus près de chez eux, à faire un détour pour déguster un morceau de strudel aux pommes cher aux Juifs de Pologne, une brik qui rappelle l'Algérie, ou un falafel, emblématique de la nourriture israélienne... Car mémoire et identité se mêlent et en dehors des emplettes qu'on pourrait évidemment faire ailleurs, on hume comme un parfum d'enfance - de son enfance, de celle de ses parents voire de ses grands-parents -, on croise des gens qui s'apprêtent à célébrer la même fête, on se dit "Shabbat Shalom" le vendredi.11 » Une chanson, "La rue des Rosiers", interprétée par Pia Colombo dans les années 1960 se fait l'écho de l'atmosphère de l'époque d'immédiat avant-guerre (cf. extrait ci-dessous). Son auteur, Silvain Reiner, en raconte la genèse de manière poignante (cf. témoignage dans la revue Je chante). « C'était en plein Marais Une rue où grouillait La vie belle et sa rage Une rue qui sentait Le hareng qu'on fumait Et la folie des sages Un bonjour se chantait, Se riait, se criait, Bonjour à la française Un beau jour une affaire Un beau jour une misère Doux comme un lit de fraises La rue des oubliés La rue des émigrés La rue des retrouvailles...12 » Liens externes [modifier]

[pdf] Du refuge au piège - Les juifs dans le Marais, exposition de 2005 [pdf] Dossier de presse sur le réaménagement de la rue (2003-2006): réunions publiques, ateliers de travail, affichage... Photo de la Rue des Rosiers avant la Seconde Guerre mondiale Sources et références [modifier] Gaston Bonheur, 1966. "Rue des Rosiers", chanson enregistrée par Régine, sur disque 30 cm La fille que je suis (Pathé 2 C062-10.700; réédition Sony sur compilation collection "Or"). Jeanne Brody, 2002. Rue des Rosiers, une manière d'être juif. Préface de Nancy L. Green. Essai. Paris: Autrement, 133 pages. ISBN 978-2862605265 (inspiré d'une thèse de sociologie) Jeanne Brody, 1987. Le quartier de la rue des Rosiers, ou l'histoire d'un cheminement. In Chemins de la ville. Enquêtes ethnologiques. Préface de Nicole Belmont, Paris, Éditions du Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques [CTHS] (coll. Le regard de l’ethnologue 1), p. 85-102. ISBN 2-7355-0143-4. Jean Gaido-Daniel, (années 1980?). "Rue des Rosiers", chanson enregistrée par lui-même sur disque 33 tours (production Quelque Part, réf. 19549). Frédéric de Goldschmidt, 2003. L’école de travail, rue des Rosiers. Maîtrise d’ethnologie, Université de Paris VII, année 2002-2003. En ligne sur www.frederic.net/ Michèle Kahn, 2000. Le Shnorrer de la rue des Rosiers. Roman. Paris: Bibliophane-Daniel Radford, coll. "Le temps d'un livre", 192 pages. ISBN 978-2869700543 Jacques Lanzmann, 2004. Rue des Rosiers, tome 2. On a retrouvé David. Roman. Paris: LGF, 242 pages. ISBN 978-2253109624 Jacques Lanzmann, 2002. Rue des Rosiers. Roman. Paris: Éditions du Rocher, 242 pages. ISBN 978-2253067016 Léo Malet, 1999. Du rebecca rue des Rosiers, 4e arrondissement. Nestor Burma. Roman. Paris: Fleuve noir, 261 pages. ISBN 978-2265068254 Silvain Reiner, 1967. "La rue des Rosiers", chanson enregistrée par Pia Colombo, sur disques AZ (1967, 45 tours EP 1143 ou 30 cm LPS 25), Pia Colombo à l'Olympia. Dominique Zardi, 2003. Rue des Rosiers. Roman. Paris: Dualpha. ISBN 978-2912476678 Références [modifier]

Wikimedia Commons propose des documents multimédia libres sur Pletzl. ↑ arrêté préfectoral [archive] ↑ cour du no 8 [archive] ↑ photo truquée célèbre [archive] ↑ Les architectes d'intérieur ont fait inscrire dans le béton à l'entrée, caché par les paires de chaussures: "En ces lieux se tenait le Hammam Saint-Paul de 1863 à 1990". ↑ École de travail [archive] ↑ Le restaurant était de "style Casher" mais de fait non-Casher. Les touristes étaient influencés par le Magen David proéminent sur la devanture ↑ a et b La rue des Rosiers achève sa mue [archive] sur Le Parisien, 6 janvier 2010. Consulté le 25 janvier 2010 ↑ Les balades parisiennes de l’Oncle Jérôme [archive], par Michel Ostertag ↑ On trouve le portrait d'Yvette Feuillet dans Antoine Porcu, Guerre 39-45. Héroïques femmes en résistance. Tome 1. Le Geai Bleu, 2006, 192 p. ISBN 2-914670-36-2. Quelques indications biographiques sur [1] [archive] ↑ Laurent Bourdelas & Patrick Le Louarn, 2007. Le Paris de Nestor Burma, l'Occupation et les "Trente glorieuses" de Léo Malet. Paris: L'Harmattan. ISBN 2296024629, 189 pages ↑ Anne Grynberg, Mémoire et identité juives, dans Vivre et survivre dans le Marais, éditions Le Manuscrit, 2005. ISBN 2748151321 ↑ "La rue des Rosiers" (1967), interprétée par Pia Colombo, écrite par Silvain Reiner et Joël Holmès Portail de Paris Portail de la route  Portail de la culture juive et du judaïsme Catégories : Le Marais | Voie du 4e arrondissement de Paris | Histoire des Juifs en France | Culture juive | Hassidisme en France | [+]

English translation begins here

Rue des Rosiers Jump to: navigation, search 4 arr t

Rue des Rosiers

District (s)	4e district Area (s)	Saint-Gervais Beginning	13, Mather Street End	42, Rue Vieille du Temple Length	303 m Width	4.50 m to 11 m Denomination	Arr. of November 5, 1850 Geo-coding	City of Paris : 8335 IMB : 8370 Official nomenclature

A bakery in the Rue des Rosiers

The rue des Rosiers is a street in central Paris, which covers a part of 4th district from east to west. It measures 303 meters long. Its central part, dark, narrow and slightly sinuous, escaped the realignment of streets in the Baron Haussmann This site is served by the metro station : Saint-Paul. Summary [hide] 1 Notoriety 2 History 3 Highlights 4 Memory and Identity 5 References 5.1 Sources and references 6 References Reputation [edit]

Two typical sandwiches, falafel and shawarma This is the main street of a neighborhood traditionally Jewish, whose community Ashkenazi , however recent. It has many shops, food shops, bookstores and local restaurants. The street is known for its falafel : there are five restaurants unbridled competition. Since the 1980s, luxury shops (clothing, perfumes, accessories) took place slowly and change the appearance of the street (some complain that traders and residents who have petitioned and demonstrated). Road work done in 2007 (paving, planting, lighting) part of the movement of renewal, and make the streets of the quiet streets of the Marais. A public park is under construction, the Garden Roses-Francs-Bourgeois, which will be accessible by n o 10 of the street, and that will reach the Rue des Francs-Bourgeois ( n o 31 to 35). It is the result of the meeting of several gardens of mansions (Hotels Coulanges, Barb and Albret). In 2008, only the first installment of the garden is completed, later Francs-Bourgeois, and are accessed through the lobby of the " Europe House "at 35-37, rue des Francs-Bourgeois. The rue des Rosiers is pedestrian Sunday since 2006 1. So, like the Rue des Francs-Bourgeois neighbor, she is very busy. The rest of the time, it is less taken by the same traffic (speed bumps, cobblestones, limited to 30 km / h ).

Rue des Rosiers History [edit]

The street seems to have been created xiii th century, along the walls of Philippe Auguste. Roses grow so high against the walls, and gave it its name, attested from 1230. The wall is still visible in places, in the courtyard of number 8 2for example (as well as n os 10 and 14). Originally, the Rue des Rosiers followed a design angle. She started from the Rue du Roi de Sicile, continued in what is now the Rue Ferdinand Duval , then turned at right angles to the Rue Vieille du Temple. The most east of the present Rue des Rosiers, between Rue Ferdinand Duval and Paved Street, was a dead end street called the Quoquerée (1292), cul-de-sac of the Lamprey (1400) Street COQUEREES (1415) Street Coquerrie (1540), and Cul-de-sac Coquerelle (or dead Coquerelle). From 1848 to 1850, the street was eventually expanded and extended to the Mather Street. The current rue Ferdinand Duval split from the rue des Rosiers in the xv th century, took the name "Jew Street", before being renamed in 1900 " Rue Ferdinand Duval "after the Dreyfus Affair. The presence of the Jewish community is old, but has been subject to political uncertainties (order of expulsion of the Jews of Charles VI of France in 1394) that cause inflow and outflow of people. In the xx th century, an important settlement takes place between 1881 and 1914 approximately 20 000 people are implanted in the area after fleeing persecution in Romania,, Austria-Hungary and Russia. This influx of refugees explains the predominance of community Ashkenazi, and the strong image of Pletzl the xx th century. The rue des Rosiers was also a place of Christian worship. A statue of the Virgin was erected in effect at the corner of the Rue des Rosiers and Rue Ferdinand Duval. She was mutilated in 1528, during the persecutions against Protestants. Instead, Francois I first came himself to ask an effigy money which was stolen in 1545. Replaced again by a stone statue, which still existed in 1789, the figure of the Virgin has finally disappeared. Finally, a "Street of Roses" has existed in the Commune of Montmartre, which was not yet part of Paris. To avoid confusion, it became the street of the Knight-de-la-Barre. A famous faked photograph 3of the Paris Commune and is the former name of the street. Highlights [changes]

At n o 4 rue des Rosiers. Facade of the former St. Paul Hammam. At n o 4was a steam deemed the "Hammam Sauna St. Paul", built in 1863 (at a time when apartments do not have bathrooms). Sold in 1990 4, it became a shop which only the facade, which still bears the inscription " SAINT PAUL STEAM - SAUNA - SWIMMING", recalls the old destination. Some furniture shops and clothing there are successively installed. It also n o 4, that is the radio station Radio J.

At n o 4a of the street entrance of the "School work" At n o 4a is a private school education vocational school work 5. Originally, in 1852, it was a home for apprentices, "company sponsorship of apprentices and workers Israelite de Paris created by three students from good families. An internship is set up in 1865 (the first student of the School, Leon Dreyfus, was released in 1869, after having studied watchmaking), headed by a non-profit organization (established 1878) . In 1885 the school work becomes the owner of its walls and, since 1907, offers courses in "theoretical" in addition to the learning activity. The school has paid a high tribute to Nazi barbarism: a plaque attests. TO THE MEMORY OF THE DIRECTOR, STAFF AND STUDENTS OF THIS SCHOOL ARRESTED IN 1943 AND 1944 BY THE POLICE AND THE VICHY Gestapo, deported and killed BORN TO AUSCHWITZ BECAUSE THE JEWS.Among the alumni of the School is Wajsbrot Wolf, a member of the Group Manouchian , who was executed at Mont Valerian for his feats of strength and whose memory was honored Feb. 3, 2010 ( The ceremony in pictures). In 2002, the School acquired a second building in Paris. In 1957, the School is close to the ORT (Union World ORT Organization, reconstruction work ) and became a full-time vocational school. In 2003, the School has been the site of an ethnographic study ( School of Labour, rue des Rosiers, by Frédéric de Goldschmidt . Until June 2009 she will be headed by Hubert SAKSIK who devoted his life to the success apprentices. After change of status in 1961 and 1973, the school becomes a center of training of apprentices (CFA) and is now preparing a BTS (Fluid-Energy-Environments Maintenance option), five baccalauréat (Accounting Technician Installing Energy Systems and Climate Technician Refrigeration and air conditioning, Motor Vehicle Maintenance and Electrical Equipment Energy Communicants), four (CAP Preparation achieving the electrical, sanitary installations, heat, maintenance of vehicles) and a class Pre-learning for younger from 15 years ( The training offered).

Former Goldenberg restaurant at the corner of Rue des Rosiers and Rue Ferdinand Duval, now houses a shop selling fashionable clothes. At n o 7was a famous restaurant, run by Jo Goldenberg. Closed in 2006, he was known for its traditional cuisine 6. A violent attack had occurred in 1982 (see Shooting the Rue des Rosiers ), whose traces were still visible on the window after 10 years. In 2010, a clothing store has taken possession of the premises, while keeping the front7. At n o 16in the old "Coffee of Psalms" on the ground floor of the building belonging to the OPAC, occur occasionally cultural events (exhibitions, films). It differs in the yard the remains of a mansion, an entry stairway, a grotesque. The room should be resumed by the implementation of assistance for children who would make a "coffee social"7.

The Schule (synagogue) 25, rue des Rosiers At n o 17is one of two synagogues in the street taught Menachem Mendel Schneerson, the other being the n o  25. Both are non-Orthodox synagogues consistorial. One ( n o 17) is indicated by a red light on the first floor, the other ( n o 25) by a sign on the first floor with the inscription " Schule ", which means synagogue in Yiddish, and Judeo-Alsatian. At n o 22, there was the beginning of xx th century a social restaurant, "The Economic furnace" (ancestor of "Eating the heart") where we ate cheaply (in 1914, for 2 cents, or 2 cents euros, we had a serving of meat or broth, or vegetable dish). We brought her bread if you wanted, if we could.8 At n o 23is a hotel of the xvii th century, built on the site of a house belonging to Francis and the Earl Bugadel Tancarville. In 1650, it belongs to a certain Genlis, then in 1750 the lieutenant-colonel of cavalry Estat. In his remarks to the peddles bad he kept his legend status in behavior and his wife sent word to his rivals: "When you make your way through the sword is much slower than the dress". At n o 26resident Yvette Sheet (January 25, 1920 - 1943), resistant in FFI with the rank of sergeant, deported and murdered in Auschwitz, cited the "order of Resistance". A plaque commemorates. 9His father was a baker, she was working in the lamp industry, and worked in the 11 th arrondissement, street Sedaine. She was also the treasurer of the home where she lived in Rue des Rosiers. At n o 33a notarized transaction indicates that the house was sold in 1645 to a grocer named Henry Brule. At n o 34resident Louis Shapiro (March 28, 1913 to April 30, 1944), strong and commanding in FTPF, shot at Mont Valerian. Above the door of the building, a plaque commemorates his memory. At n o 35is a house which was seized in 1645 at the request of Philippe de Champaigne, Claude Bourgeois had to sell to a baker named Etienne Laporte.

A bakery known, at the corner of Rue des Rosiers and Rue des Ecouffes A famous passage in the film The Adventures of Rabbi Jacob of Gerard Oury, in 1973, runs the Rue des Rosiers - actually a street in St. Denis for outdoor scenes and a recovery in the studio what is the synagogue. At the corner of Rue des Rosiers and Rue des Ecouffes stands a guy wire, symbolizing a Jewish Orthodox hat and traditional with twists, such as Rabbi Jacob. One of the adventures of Nestor Burma, in the series "The New Mysteries of Paris, called the Rebecca Rue des Rosiers . Leo Malet describes the neighborhood as it appeared at that time in 1958 10. It was brought to the small screen in 1992 by Maurice Frydland (see Nestor Burma (TV series) ). One scene takes place in the library Bibliophane the Rue des Rosiers. Editions Bibliophane at n o 26 Rue, published a novel by Michele Kahn entitled The Schnorr Rue des Rosiers , where a beggar plays the (true) story of a happy man, a survivor of several concentration camps. Memory and Identity [change]

The Saint-Gervais, the Rue des Rosiers is the epicenter is, by Anne Grynberg : "A world of immigrants from the Yiddishkeit (World Culture Yiddish ) with which many Jews still keep a link, or even very thin, which leads them to come on Sunday walking the streets of the neighborhood, hurrying to the day before Christmas to buy the Rue des Rosiers and Rue des Ecouffes traditional products they could find much closer to home, to make a detour to enjoy a piece of strudel with apples dear to the Jews of Poland, a brig which recalls of Algeria , or falafel , emblematic of food Israeli ... For memory and identity and mingle outside the shop that could obviously be done elsewhere, it sniffs a perfume of childhood - from his childhood, that of his parents or even grandparents - you pass by people who preparing to celebrate the same festival , we say " Shabbat Shalom "on Friday. 11" One song, "La Rue des Rosiers", performed by Pia Colombo in the 1960s echoes the atmosphere of the era immediately before the war (see excerpt below). Its author, Silvain Reiner, tells the genesis of poignant (see evidence in the journal I sing ). " It was right in the Marais A street swarming beautiful life and rage A street that smelled smoked herring that the folly of the wise And a hello to sing, It laughed, cried, Hello to the French one day a case one day a misery Sweet as a bed of strawberries Street of Forgotten Street emigrants Street reunion ... 12" External Links [edit]

[Pdf] from the refuge trap - Jews in the Marais, the 2005 exhibition [Pdf] Press Release on the redevelopment of the street (2003-2006): public meetings, workshops, display ... Photo of Rue des Rosiers before the Second World War Sources and references [edit] Gaston Bonheur, 1966. "Rue des Rosiers", song by Regine on disc 30cm The girl I am (2 Pathé C062-10700; Sony reissue compilation series "Now"). Jane Brody, 2002. Rue des Rosiers, a way of being Jewish. Foreword by Nancy L. Green. Test. Paris: Autrement, 133 pages. ISBN 978-2862605265 (inspired by a sociology thesis) Jane Brody, 1987. The area of the Rue des Rosiers, or the story of a journey. In Pathways of the city. Ethnological investigations. Foreword by Nicole Belmont, Paris, Editions du Committee of historical and scientific work [CTHS] (coll. The gaze of the anthropologist 1), p. 85-102. ISBN 2-7355-0143-4. Jean-Daniel Gaido, (1980s?). "Rue des Rosiers", song by himself on 33 rpm disc (production Somewhere, ref. 19549). Frédéric de Goldschmidt, 2003. 's school work, rue des Rosiers. Master of Ethnology, University of Paris VII, 2002-2003. Posted on www.frederic.net/ Michele Kahn, 2000. The Shnorrer the Rue des Rosiers. Roman. Paris: Bibliophane-Daniel Radford, et al. "Time for a book, 192 pages. ISBN 978-2869700543 Jacques Lanzmann, 2004. Rue des Rosiers, Volume 2. David was found . Roman. Paris: LGF, 242 pages. ISBN 978-2253109624 Jacques Lanzmann , 2002. Rue des Rosiers . Roman. Paris: Editions du Rocher, 242 pages. ISBN 978-2253067016 Leo Malet , 1999. From rebecca Rue des Rosiers, 4th district. Nestor Burma . Roman. Paris: Fleuve Noir, 261 pages. ISBN 978-2265068254 Silvain Reiner , 1967. "Rue des Rosiers", a song recorded by Pia Colombo, discs AZ (1967, 1143 or 45 rpm EP 30 cm LPS 25), Pia Colombo at the Olympia. Dominique Zardi , 2003. Rue des Rosiers . Roman. Paris: Dualpha. ISBN 978-2912476678 References [change]

Wikimedia Commons offers Retrieved on Pletzl. ↑ prefectural [archive] ↑ court n o 8 [archive] ↑ famous faked photo [archive] ↑ The interior designers have put into concrete at the entrance, hidden by the pairs of shoes: "In this place stood the Hammam St. Paul from 1863 to 1990". ↑ Work School [archive] ↑ The restaurant was "style kosher "but in fact non- Kosher. The tourists were influenced by the Magen David prominent on the front ↑ a and b The rue des Rosiers completes its transformation [archive]to Le Parisien, January 6, 2010. Accessed January 25, 2010 ↑ Walks Parisian Uncle Jerome [archive], by Michael Ostertag ↑ It is the portrait of Yvette Sheet in Antoine Porcu, War 39-45. Heroic Women in Resistance. Volume 1. The Blue Jay, 2006, 192 p. ISBN 2-914670-36-2. Some biographical information on[1] [archive] ↑ Bourdelais Lawrence & Patrick Le Louarn, 2007. The Paris of Nestor Burma, the occupation and the "Thirty Glorious Years" Leo Malet. Paris: L'Harmattan. ISBN 2296024629, 189 pages ↑ Anne Grynberg, Memory and Jewish Identity in live and survive in the Marais , Editions Le Manuscrit, 2005. ISBN 2748151321 ↑ "The Street of Roses" (1967), played by Pia Colombo, Silvain Reiner and written by Joel Holmès Paris Portal Portal Road  Portal of Jewish culture and Judaism Categories : The Marsh | Lane 4th arrondissement of Paris | History of Jews in France | Culture Jewish | Hasidism in France | [+]