User:Peter Brew/sandbox

1835 anticlerical riots
In an event known as both the Burning of the Monasteries (Les Bullangues) or "the Bullanga de 1835" in Catalan wiki and "Motines anticlericales de 1835" in spanish one. Note the bullangues are the riots that took place in many Catalan cities and especially in Barcelona between 1835 and 1843. Bullanga means riot. catalan wiki says, "As a whole, however, the bullangues are the expression of the social tensions that arose within Catalan society as a result of the extension of capitalist social relations."

See Robert Hughes pa 216,218,222.

The wave of arson started in the city of Reus, in revenge for the assassination of several librals by a gang of Carlists. It spread rapidly through the Catalan countryside, wrecking-among other foundations-the geat Cistercia abbey of Poblet, the Benedtine maonastery of Santy Cugat del Vales and the Carthusian convents of Scala Dei and Montalegre.

then got to barcelona

he says the biggest tragedy was the 13th century church and convent of the Carmelites, a building that ranked in architectural importance with Santa Maria del Mar.

= Adjustments to Catalan Cotton Industry =
 * need to rethink the proto industrialisation by re-reading Thomson 1992, p304 about the discontinuity with the calico printing and the widespread, small-scale capital accumulation and diffusion of cotton manufacturing occurring throughout the Principality between 1790 and 1830 and prior to the big turning point of the application of commercial capital to create the Bonaplata Factory.

= Bureau =

Bureau
The Bureau of the Congress of Deputies (Mesa del Congreso de los Diputados) is the presiding body of the lower house of the Spanish Parliament and its representative for official purposes. The Bureau is chaired by the Speaker of the Congress (or President, Presidente del Congreso de los Diputados, four Deputy Speakers (or Vice Presidents, Vicepresidentes) and four Secretaries (Secretarios), elected from the political parties in the Congress at the beginning of each parliamentary term.

Comparison with other parliaments
The presiding office (also called presidency or speakership) of a parliamentary assembly has traditionally been divided between a collegiate or collective presidency representing the various political parties within the chamber (the model being the French Bureau) and individual speakerships in which the holder of the office is the sole guarantor of the chamber’s independence and privileges, of which the model is the Speaker at Westminster. In the Spanish Congress of Deputies, the Bureau is a collegiate presidency with authority invested in the Bureau as a whole. Other names for collegiate presidencies in Europe are Council of Elders, Presidium, Presidential Council and Conference of Presidents.

Maybe the President is a combination of Speaker and Leader_of_the_House_(Australia)?

Functions
The speakership of a parliament has three broad functions: to preside over debate, to supervise administrative matters and be responsible for the organisation of the parliaments work, including determining the admissibility of proposals and bills.

In the Spanish Congress of Deputies, while the Speaker presides over debate, the Bureau is responsible for organising the work of the Congress, taking decisions on the admissibility of parliamentary proposals and documents, fixing the timetable for public sittings and committee sessions, and drawing up and reporting on the House's budget.

Other bodies provide advice to the Bureau including the Board of Spokespersons (Junta de Portavoces) made up of representatives of all parties who must be consulted on the chamber's order of business and the Clerk (chief legal counsel, Letrado Mayor del Congreso de Diputados), who is also by convention also Secretary General (Secretario General), who is a public servant appointed by the Bureau on the nomination of the Speaker and who's role&mdash;not dissimilar to the British model&mdash;is advising the Bureau on parliamentary law, practice and procedure and charged with the actual administration of the parliament.

In contrast, in parliaments of the Anglo-Saxon tradition the administration and organisation functions are independent of the speakership. For example the Leader of the House who is a member of the government and draws up the chamber’s order of business. The Clerk provides advice to all parliamentary members and the Speaker and in Britain is appointed by the Crown. The independence of officers such as the Clerk is seen as a distinguishing feature to ensure impartiality of advice:

"The staff which serve the Commons...are not answerable in any way to the Government of the day. Nor are they appointed by politicians or political organisations; if they were, their usefulness would disappear overnight. They are the servants only of the House, and it is this long-preserved independence from political control that has endowed them with their own special value to the smooth running of the machinery of government."

Recent Events
In May 2019 following the investiture of four elected members of Congress who are in preventive detention and on trial over their role in Catalonia’s failed independence bid in 2017, the Bureau suspended the deputies from all their duties and rights as members of Congress under Section 21.1.2 of the Standing Orders. . Advice had previously been given by the Supreme Court and the Clerk but some debate continues about the applicability of Section 21.1.2 in this case and whether it should be subject to a judicial petition (suplicatorio) as other sections require.

Bureau second attempt
The Office or Bureau of the Congress of Deputies (Mesa del Congreso de los Diputados) is the presiding body and representative of the lower house of the Spanish Parliament just as the speaker presides over and represents a parliament in the British model.

Two Models
the various political groups are represented

Secretary General = Clerk of the House = Letrado de las Cortes

Confernece of Spokespersons = board of Spokespeople = Junta de Portavoces

Standing Delegation

There's a hierarch in the deputy speakers

There are two traditional models for the presidency or speakership of a parliamentary assembly. The first is an individual speakership in which the holder of the office is the sole guarantor of the chamber’s independence and privileges, of which the model is the Speaker at Westminster. In this model supervising the House's work is performed by others, others such as the leader of the House.

The second model is the collegiate or collective presidency representing the various political parties within the chamber (the model being the French Parliament). This model has also been called the "continental European model" since it has been adopted by most European parliaments including Spain.

In the Spanish Congress of Deputies the Bureau constitutes a real collective presidency responsible for organizing the work, taking decisions on the admissibility of parliamentary proposals, fixing the timetable for public sittings and committee sessions, and drawing up the House's budget.

The Bureau is made up of the President of the Congress, four vice-presidents and four secretaries, elected from the political parties in the Congress at the beginning of each parliamentary term.

Functions
The President performs the typical functions of speakership namely managing debates in the chamber, but in addition, chairs the Bureau which is responsible for organising the work of the Congress, taking decisions on the admissibility of parliamentary proposals and documents, fixing the timetable for public sittings and committee sessions, and drawing up and reporting on the House's budget. .

In contrast, in parliaments of the Anglo-Saxon tradition many of these functions are independent of the speakership including the Leader of the House who is a member of the government and draws up the chamber’s order of business, and the independent office of the Clerk who is responsible for administering the parliament and advising the Speaker and Members on parliamentary law, practice and procedure. The independence of officers is seen as a distinguishing feature:

"The staff which serve the Commons…are not answerable in any way to the Government of the day. Nor are they appointed by politicians or political organisations; if they were, their usefulness would disappear overnight. They are the servants only of the House, and it is this long-preserved independence from political control that has endowed them with their own special value to the smooth running of the machinery of government."

Power to suspend members
In May 2019 following the investiture of four elected members of Congress who were in preventive detention and on trial over their role in Catalonia’s failed independence bid in 2017, and following a decision of the Supreme Court that it was within the powers of the Bureau to do so, the Bureau decided to suspend the four deputies from all their duties and rights as members of Congress.