User:PetesGuide/Vehicle spotter

A vehicle spotter (civilian term), or ground guide (U.S. military term), is a person who uses hand signals to direct the movement of vehicles when maneuvering in areas such as parking lots and staging areas.

So far, the only national law or regulation specifying spotter signals I've found is the UK's 1996 Health and Safety law No. 341. See also this. See this for verbal commands for rescue hoisting.

American Society of Agricultural Engineers has developed standardized hand signals.

The most complete definition of these signals and procedures can be found in:these U.S. Military manuals: The Canadian government organization Enform publishes a similar set of hand and arm signals, Workers Guide to Hand Signals for Directing Vehicles (formerly IRP12 Hand Signals for Directing Vehicles).
 * GTA 17-02-091:Visual Signals Armor Fighting Vehicle (flipbook); conflicts with Enform signals
 * FM 17-19 (July 1982):
 * FM 21-60: Visual Signals (chapter 2) http://www.apd.army.mil/ 
 * TC 3-21.60: Visual Signals (supersedes FM 21-60)
 * AR 385-10, The Army Safety Program (Chap. 11--10. Army combat vehicle safety guidelines (mentions ground guides only)
 * AR 385-55: Prevention of Motor Vehicle Accidents (mentions ground guides; shows no signals)
 * FM 21-306: Manual for the Track Combat Vehicle Driver
 * FM 21-305 (Army)/AFMAN 24-306 (Air Force), Manual for the Wheeled Vehicle Driver, which defines "Air Force Standard Spotting Hand and Arm Signals" or Air Force Standardized Basic Hand and Arm Signals (IAW TO 36M-1-141, 463L Material Handling Equipment System)
 * TC 21-305-20, Manual for the Wheeled Vehicle Operator (Appendix A) https://armypubs.us.army.mil/doctrine/DR_pubs/dr_b/pdf/tc21_305_20.pdf
 * TC 21--306, Tracked Combat Vehicle Driver Training https://armypubs.us.army.mil/doctrine/DR_pubs/dr_c/pdf/tc21_306.pdf
 * Principles of Ground Guiding (Video) https://safety.army.mil/MEDIA/VideoLibrary/VideoPlayer/TabId/112/VideoId/23/Ground-Guiding.aspx
 * Enform: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4xQzLwgtb88
 * Aircraft Signals Natops Manual, NAVAIR 00-80T-113
 * Hand signals Chart 1
 * Hand signals Chart 2
 * Hand signals Chart 3
 * Safety Manual for Operating Trucks at Harvests
 * Directing forklift signals
 * OSHA 29 CFR 1926, Subpart CC, Appendix A
 * Workers Guide to Hand Signals for Directing Vehicles (formerly IRP12 Hand Signals for Directing Vehicles)

The U.S. OSHA also makes similar recommendations for spotting signals

= Signals = text