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Background and Early Life
ʿAlāʾuddīn ʿAlī Ibn Muhammad al-Qushjī, also known as Ali Qushji (1403-1474) was a writer, physicist, astronomer, and mathematician who is considered one of the most important scholars of the Islamicate world, especially during his time in the Ottoman Empire. Born in Samarqand in 1403, Qushji was the son of the Emperor’s falconer .Working both in the Mughal Empire, (until the death of his sponsor, Emperor Ulugh Beg), and then in the Ottoman Empire under Sultan Mehmed the II/Mehmed the Conquero r, Qushji was highly regarded for his work in multiple fields.

Works and Important Discoveries
Ali Qushji wrote around thirty works over the course of his life, (although some of his works have not survived to present day), in subjects such as: mathematics; astronomy; linguistics; mechanics; Kalam (Islamic theology); and Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence); which were written in and translated into either Arabic and/or Persian. Many of his works are regarded as influential to the progress of STEM and future researchers.

(In Ulugh Beg’s court): Building off of al-Urdi’s work before him, Ali Qushji provided a solution to the problem of equants in astronomic research by using two epicyclets in his work, (Building off of Urdi’s work, in which only one was used).

Notable Works
-Sharh-i Zij-i Ulugh Beg(Astronomy)

-Risala fi Hall Ashkal Mu’addil al-Qamar li-al-Masir(Astronomy)

-Al-Risala fi Asl al-Harej Yumkin fi al-Sufliyyayn  (Astronomy)

-Sharh ‘ala al-Tuhfat al-shahiyya fi al-Hay’a  (Astronomy)

-Al-Risala dar ‘ilm al-Hay’a  (Astronomy)

-Al-Fathiyya fi ‘ilmi al-Hay’a  (Astronomy)

-Al-Risala fi Halli ashkal al-Qamar  (Astronomy)

-Al-Risala al-Muhammadiyya fi al-Hisab  (Mathematics)

-Al-Risala der ‘ilm-i Hisab(Mathematics)

-Al-Sharh al-Jadid ‘alat al-Tajrid(Islamic Law/ Philosophy)

-Hashiya ‘ala al-Talwih(Islamic Law/ Philosophy)

-Al-Tadhkira fi al-alat al-Ruhaniyya(Mechanics)

-Sharh al-Risala al-Wad’iyya(Language and Rhetoric)

-Al-Ifsah(Language and Rhetoric)

-Al-‘Unkûd al-Zawahir fi Nazm al-Jawahir(Language and Rhetoric)

-Sharhu al-Safiya(Language and Rhetoric)

-Al-Risala fi Bayani ba’d al-Mufradat(Language and Rhetoric)

-Fa’ida li-Tahkiki Lami’t-Ta’rif(Language and Rhetoric)

-Al-Risala ma ana qultu(Language and Rhetoric)

-Al-Risala fi al-Hamd(Language and Rhetoric)

-Al-Risala fi ‘ilm al-Ma’ani(Language and Rhetoric)

-Al-Risala fi Bahth al-Mufrad(Language and Rhetoric)

-Al-Risala fi al-Fann al-thani min ‘ilm al-Bayan(Language and Rhetoric)

-Tafsir al-Baqara wa ali ‘Imran(Language and Rhetoric)

-Al-Risala fi al-Isti’ara(Language and Rhetoric)

In the Court of Mehmed II/Mehmed the Conqueror (Ottoman Empire)
When Ulugh Beg was assassinated, Qushji fled to Tabriz in Iran, and began working as an Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire’s Mehmed II .Eventually, he would relocate to Istanbul and would become famous as one of the Ottoman Empire’s brightest stars, just as he was in the Mughal Empire .There, he found a new patron in Mehmed II, who himself was one of the Ottoman Empire’s greatest sultans. As Ottoman Science prospered under Sultan Mehmed II, so did Ali Qushji. While many previous Sultans had placed more emphasis on administration and expansion, Mehmed sponsored the sciences and gave many practitioners opportunities they may not have received under his predecessors .Ali Qushji not only practiced and advanced the sciences in the Ottoman Empire, he was also in charge of the educational curriculum surrounding the more rational, scientific fields he was such a major part of .As head of the Ayasofya madrasa(a type of learning institution in the Islamicate world), Qushji was essentially the head of one of the Ottoman Empire’s most important locations, one where future administrators, scientists, and scholars could grow their minds.