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Cultural Suppression
Between 1921 and 1990, under the control of the Azeri SSR within the USSR, Armenians in the region faced economic and cultural marginalization, leading to a significant exodus. This policy – sometimes called a "White Genocide"     – aimed at "de-Armenizing" the territory culturally and then physically and followed a similar pattern to Azerbaijan's treatment of Armenians in Nakhchivan. The suppression of Armenian language and culture was widespread; many Armenian churches, cemeteries, and schools were closed or destroyed, clerics arrested, and Armenian historical education was banned. The Armenian educational institutions that remained were under the administration of the Azeri Ministry of Education, which enforced prohibitions against teaching Armenian history and using Armenian materials and led to a curriculum that significantly differed from that of Armenia itself. Moreover, restrictions limited cultural exchanges and communication between Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians and Armenia, with significant neglect in transportation and communication infrastructure. The Azerbaijani government's decree in 1957 that Azerbaijani was to be the main language and the alteration of educational content to favor Azerbaijani history over Armenian exemplify the systemic efforts to assimilate the Armenian population culturally. The 1981 "law of the NKAR" denied additional rights, restricted cultural connections between Nagorno-Karabakh and Armenia, and removed provisions that had explicitly listed Armenian as a working language to be used by local authorities. Protests by Armenians in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s against these policies highlighted the ongoing struggle against their cultural and economic marginalization.

The following should be attributed:

The historian Christopher J Walker describes the exodus of many Armenians from the region as "not a matter of chance, but is due to the persistent policy of Baku, whose aim is to 'Nakhichevanize' the territory, to de-Armenize it, first culturally and then physically." In the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, Armenians protested the cultural and economic marginalization they faced in the region.



Kleptocracy
Azerbaijan has also been described as a kleptocracy for its use of oil-revenue to enrich an oligarch class, including that of the ruling Aliyev dynasty. President Aliyev, his family, and the Mammadov family have amassed vast wealth and influence through their positions in the Azberbaijani government, controlling major sectors like oil, banking, and construction. The Aliyev family, in particular, has used the country's oil revenues to strengthen their political position, selectively enriching loyal oligarchs and exerting control over the economy. The Mammadov and Aliyev families have a business partnership and both participate in the government which allows them to exhibit influence over major economic sectors in Azerbaijan. This kleptocracy has a global reach, involving international investments and affecting various stakeholders worldwide.

UN MISSION
The mission was criticized by human rights organizations, former residents, and governments worldwide for its timing, brevity, methodology, lack of transparency, and partiality towards Azerbaijani. Calls for a separate and independent international mission were made by human rights organizations, European Parliament, and the United States. Critics observed that Azerbaijan used the UN mission to improve its international image and questioned the credibility of the mission, noting particular contradictions with some of the mission’s observations, Azerbaijan’s recent donations to the UN, and its lobbying in the UN since 2020.