User:Pharmacy 437/sandbox

history\introduction;
General health is one of the major concerns for health care providers and community. In order to provide health-related services, there is a huge need for reliable resources to identify the problems and solve it based on an accurate solution. Most often, the problem is a disease, and the solution is drug! This process considered as 'drug information service' which aimed to treat patient-specific disease or even prevent bad consequences from the problem, by selecting appropriate approach based on drug characteristics, patient's condition, and the general circumstances, to match the desired outcomes. But drug information services are not only limited to this goal, since it is was introduced many years ago, aiming to help health care providers to identify every single information about the drug, and its appropriateness based on facility's formulary, cost-effectiveness, and patient-specific factors.

The drug information center as specific of pharmacy practice was started in the early 1960s and the first university that start this DIS is University of Kentucky. The beginning of clinical pharmacy concept was by the development of drug information centers and the drug information specialists and by that was the first appearance of drug information services.

The development
Drug information over the years has developed from being a normal information center into being a main part in pharmacy practice, it has begin in early 1960s to 1980s this center has  Start from university of Kentucky which has opened  her doors for first drug information center (DIC) in the United States. The drug information center was built on solid foundation, it aimed to help in  support, assist, and promote a rational drug therapy program, With the success  the University of Kentucky has witness  success around the USA which led to additional drug information centers to open , the important of the drug information Services in 2019s  has increased due, to  the development of new drugs , plus the development in pharmaceutical profession. drug information center built a with research center, were the researches begin to expand their rang of information about  the new medication in the market. however, these  expansion  needs an efforts  which often comes with challenges,  Gaining initial access to potential clients for drug information services, recruiting appropriately trained drug information specialists, and thinking creatively to develop services that potential clients may not have even considered are all potential barriers to expansion.

The impact of drug information services
Drug information service is a specialized service provided by pharmacists to enhance drug knowledge, empower rational prescribing, and reduce medication errors. This service is provided in response to the queries sought by allied health professionals in addressing medication-related problems pertaining to pharmacotherapy and medicine management issues of patients. One of the most important aspects of drug information is to be unbiased in its contents. Thus, the unbiased nature of information is of paramount importance to enhance patient outcomes and reduce adverse drug reactions (ADRs) Drug information can be provided to specific, academic (for educational purposes), or to a population based (to aid in design making for patients). The goal is to provide carefully evaluations, evidence based recommendations to support specific medication use practices is to enhance the quality of patient care, improve patient outcomes, and ensure the prudent use of resources. All of this can assist pharmacists in providing optimal DI services in a variety of practice settings, including hospitals and health systems, outpatient care centers, managed care environments, medical communication departments, and university or academic-based drug information centers. Pharmacists are challenged with keeping up to date with an increasing number of new drugs and literature. Drug information and literature evaluation skills are crucial for building clinical knowledge and providing evidence-based recommendations. It is the pharmacist responsibility to commit to lifelong learning and make an effort to keep abreast of advances both in the methods of delivering DI and the information itself. it is important for pharmacists to keep current on changes in pharmacy practice as the health care system evolves.for example: Maintain active membership in local, state, and na- tional pharmacy associations. At the end All pharmacists are involved in the provision of DI .pharmacists should document their services to demonstrate account- ability and justify the value of pharmacist care. Increased availability of medical information is a major goal for not only pharmacist but for all health care teams to provide the optimum Level of care for patients. Drug information services main object is to promote safe, effective, use of medications with regard to economical aspects. Through these services patients quality of life will increase significantly, by providing accurate, quick, and reliable source. DI services will reduce medication errors that usually accompany poly-pharmacy, and will also reduce the side effects of mediations. DI services produce substantial decease in unnecessary primary care visit, and will allow physicians more time to tackle serious cases that needs more attention and care, it will also save money and efforts that is usually wasted. One important impact of DI services is raising community awareness about the right ways to deal and handle medications, and also it will reflect the importance of DI specialists and pharmacists. Reduction in drug abuse and drug mishandling will be noted. DI services will reflect directly on patients adherence to their medications, by providing patients the information they need to take the specific mediation the correct way, and by educating them about the mediations they are taking. academically speaking DI services will help in ease of data collection for researchers, and clinicians. Also it will provide an organized and enriched database for the centers, hospitals, And universities. The information that is provided by DI services to clinicians will reliable and unbiased. DI services will contribute to biomedical and pharmaceutical research. Coordinating programs that tailor medications on the basis of population that will maximize drugs outcomes.

Drug Information center vs Drug information services
Definition 	Center that provide independent and updated drug information. Also constitutes an optimal strategy to meet specific needs of information. (8)(9)Drug information services is specialized services provided by the pharmacist to promote knowledge of medication use, enhance rational of prescribing among prescribers and decrease chance of errors. History 	drug information center as specific of pharmacy practice was started in the early 1960s and the first university that start this DIS is University of Kentucky. The beginning of clinical pharmacy concept was by the development of drug information centers and the drug information specialists and by that was the first appearance of drug information services	health-related services was introduced many years ago, aiming to help health care providers to identify every single information about the drug, and its appropriateness based on facility's formulary, cost-effectiveness, and patient-specific factors. Development	The drug information center goals are to support, assist, and promote rational drug therapy and to achieve these goals they aimed to educate and influence current and future health care providers about appropriate patient-specific drug selection. Furthermore, by achieving the goals the number of drug information centers have been expanded also an observable increase in variety fee-for-service activities. The role of drug information specialists has expanded, and they can now be found in many different settings such as academia, health systems, managed care and industry.

Pharmacy services now are more involved in clinical management of individual patients or the care of large populations which means that the role of drug information services became more critical. good drug information services depend on the information resources. In the past, the drug information was limited due to the low number of available drugs but over the years the number of drug products is dramatically increasing which led to the use of technology  to facilitate the processes of getting a credible information and investigating the pharmacist's time which resulted in providing a better services. Nowadays Drug information services can be accessed by a phone call, websites, direct access, as well as ward rounds.

Impact	Is to provide authentic individualized, accurate, relevant and unbiased drug information to the consumers and healthcare professionals regarding medication related inquiries to the nation for health care and drug safety aspects by answering their call regarding the all critical problems on drug information. its has able to Decrease hazard and adverse effects can avoid it, related with wrong use for medication. It’s beneficial in reduce unnecessary waste money and save time and money and reduce adverse effects get from hospitalization. Make DIC get more expertise and more dexterity. unbiased nature of information is important to enhancing the quality of patient care, improve patient outcomes, and ensure the prudent use of resource raising community awareness about the right ways to deal and handle medications, it will reflect the importance of DI specialists and pharmacists. Minimize drug abuse they help patients adherence to their medications, by providing information about the right way to take their medication and educate them about it ==