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In psychology, the Stroop effect is a demonstration of cognitive interference where a delay in reaction time of a task occurs due to a mismatch in stimuli.

The effect has been used to create a psychological test (Stroop test) that is widely used in clinical practice and investigation. A basic task that demonstrates this effect is when there is a mismatch between the name of color(e.g., "blue", "green", or "red") and the color it is printed in (i.e., the word "red" printed in blue ink instead of red ink). If asked to name the color of the word, it takes longer and is more prone to errors than when the color of the ink matches the name of the color.

The effect is named after John Ridley Stroop, who first published the effect in English in 1935.[1]The effect had previously been published in Germany in 1929 by other authors.[2][3][4] The original paper has been one of the most cited papers in the history of experimental psychology, leading to more than 700 Stroop-related articles in literature.[4]