User:Phdstudent13/Anxiety disorder/LizDharmavat Peer Review

Peer review
Reviewing  article, being edited by PhDstudent 13 (I'm hoping this is the correct place)

Diagnosis[original] - (things in bold are things I want to change)[edit]
Anxiety disorders are often severe (remove because severe is a subjective rating) chronic conditions, which can be present from an early age or begin suddenly after a triggering event (doesn't have to be just a triggering event, be more broad). They are prone to flare up at times of high stress and are frequently accompanied by physiological symptoms such as headache, sweating, muscle spasms, tachycardia, palpitations, and hypertension, which in some cases lead to fatigue.

In casual discourse (might want to just say conversation because this article is for all education levels/vocab levels) the words "anxiety" and "fear" are often used interchangeably; in clinical usage, they have distinct meanings: "anxiety" is defined as an unpleasant emotional state for which the cause is either not readily identified or perceived to be uncontrollable or unavoidable, whereas "fear" is an emotional and physiological response to a recognized external threat. The umbrella term "anxiety disorder" refers to a number of specific disorders that include fears (phobias) or anxiety symptoms.

The diagnosis of anxiety disorders is difficult because there are no objective biomarkers, it is based on symptoms, which typically need to be present at least six months, be more than would be expected for the situation, and decrease functioning. Several generic anxiety questionnaires can be used to detect anxiety symptoms, such as the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, and the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale. Other questionnaires combine anxiety and depression measurement, such as the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). Examples of specific anxiety questionnaires include the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS), the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), the Social Phobia Scale (SPS), and the Social Anxiety Questionnaire (SAQ-A30).

Anxiety disorders often occur along with other mental disorders, in particular depression, which may occur in as many as 60% of people with anxiety disorders. The fact that there is considerable overlap between symptoms of anxiety and depression, and that the same environmental triggers can provoke symptoms in either condition, may help to explain this high rate of comorbidity.

Studies have also indicated that anxiety disorders are more likely among those with family history of anxiety disorders, especially certain types.

Sexual dysfunction often accompanies anxiety disorders, although it is difficult to determine whether anxiety causes the sexual dysfunction or whether they arise from a common cause. The most common manifestations in individuals with anxiety disorder are avoidance of intercourse, premature ejaculation or erectile dysfunction among men and pain during intercourse among women. Sexual dysfunction is particularly common among people affected by panic disorder (who may fear that a panic attack will occur during sexual arousal) and posttraumatic stress disorder.

Diagnosis[edited][edit]
Anxiety disorders are often chronic conditions, which can be present from an early age or develop over the course of someone's life. They are prone to flare up at times of high stress and can be accompanied by physiological symptoms such as headache, sweating, muscle spasms, tachycardia, palpitations, hypertension, and/or fatigue.

In casual conversation, the words "anxiety" and "fear" are often used interchangeably. However, in clinical settings, the words have distinct meanings. Anxiety can take many forms but is most commonly defined as a subjectively negative emotion involving uncontrollable or unavoidable tension and worry. Fear is an emotional and physiological response caused by a perceived external threat of danger. The umbrella term "anxiety disorder" refers to a number of specific disorders that include fears (phobias) or anxiety symptoms.

--- left off here, add specific info on how to dx ---

The diagnosis of anxiety disorders is difficult because there are no objective biomarkers, it is based on symptoms, which typically need to be present at least six months, be more than would be expected for the situation, and decrease functioning. Several generic anxiety questionnaires can be used to detect anxiety symptoms, such as the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, and the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale. Other questionnaires combine anxiety and depression measurement, such as the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). Examples of specific anxiety questionnaires include the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS), the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), the Social Phobia Scale (SPS), and the Social Anxiety Questionnaire (SAQ-A30).

Anxiety disorders often occur along with other mental disorders, in particular depression, which may occur in as many as 60% of people with anxiety disorders. The fact that there is considerable overlap between symptoms of anxiety and depression, and that the same environmental triggers can provoke symptoms in either condition, may help to explain this high rate of comorbidity.

Studies have also indicated that anxiety disorders are more likely among those with family history of anxiety disorders, especially certain types.

Sexual dysfunction often accompanies anxiety disorders, although it is difficult to determine whether anxiety causes the sexual dysfunction or whether they arise from a common cause. The most common manifestations in individuals with anxiety disorder are avoidance of intercourse, premature ejaculation or erectile dysfunction among men and pain during intercourse among women. Sexual dysfunction is particularly common among people affected by panic disorder (who may fear that a panic attack will occur during sexual arousal) and posttraumatic stress disorder.

 Peer Review: 

General info

 * Whose work are you reviewing? (provide username)
 * PhDstudent13
 * Link to draft you're reviewing:
 * 

Lead
Guiding questions:


 * The beginning part of explaining anxiety is done well, what it means in psychology terms vs what it means in the general public. As well, discussing what else is associated with anxiety is good. I like that in the edited version there is going to be a piece about how to diagnose- I think potentially mentioning the DSM-5 criteria may be interesting to add in. Also, potentially adding information about differences in anxiety disorders in children versus adults.
 * The piece about the different anxiety questionnaires may be unnecessary and too much detail. For people reading the article they may not need to know this. I would suggest putting it into a different section, maybe having a heading specific for "assessments/questionnaires for anxiety" so if people want that information they could go to that section.
 * The piece about sexual dysfunction I do not think needs to be apart of the article. I'm not sure about the research on this or how relevant it is for anxiety. Potentially making it it's own section if it is important or make it shorter- more into a section of other problems or mental health issues that may occur because of anxiety.
 * https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444632470000274 I did find this article on psychiatric disorders and sexual dysfunction- but it seems to be saying that many psychiatric disorders can be linked to this so again I don't think it specifically needs to be in the section on anxiety disorders
 * https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165032711007683 this is an article on comorbidity with anxiety disorders,
 * https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0004867411432071 comorbidity with eating disorders
 * https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2013-39424-001 comorbidity in adolescents and depression
 * https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11920-015-0591-z article on the assessment and treatment of anxiety disorders in children

Content
Guiding questions:


 * The content is relevant to the topic and the information seems to be up-to-date.
 * If you want, you could add a bit about anxiety in different populations- such as anxiety diagnosis in underrepresented populations.
 * https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0361684312450004 this article discusses gender differences
 * https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0887618511001423 this article looks at white vs African American populations and anxiety

Tone and Balance
Guiding questions:


 * The tone is neutral with no particular position seeming to be taken.

Sources and References
Guiding questions:


 * think that more resources are needed to be added into the article so we know where the information is coming from.
 * Don't forget to add in media of some sort :)

Organization
Guiding questions:


 * the content is well-written, clear, and easy to read. I did not notice any grammatical errors. I think the information is organized well.

Overall impressions
Guiding questions:


 * I think the edits you plan to make will improve the article, making it more precise and adding in more information to make it complete.