User:PhoenixSpoor/sandbox

Edit draft
The article that I will be editing is "Disability Studies" Disability studies.

An article talking about different aspects of disability studies. the biggest part of the article that I will edit and focus on is the intersectionality heading. This way I can look at feminism, gender and sexual preference as well as the "crip theory". the article itself is well researched and thought out but some of the data is outdated and could use some updating in order to make the sections more concise and up-to-date as of 2021. The section on race talks about Black individuals with disabilities but could stand to delve into how other racial groups with disabilities are portrayed and studied in academia. The talk page and the article shows that the information given is mainly focused on the United States rather than that of around the world. Though this is a through article it can use some touch ups that will make it so it is not solely about the United States but also places like Germany, Norway and Sweden as well.

Edits I made Under the intro and the Intersectionality section

 * OT:Disability studies emerged in the 1980s primarily in the US, the UK, and Canada. In 1986, the Section for the Study of Chronic Illness, Impairment, and Disability of the Social Science Association (United States) was renamed the Society for Disability Studies. The first US disabilities studies program emerged in 1994, at Syracuse University. The first edition of the Disabilities Studies Reader (one of the first collections of academic papers related to disability studies) was published in 1997. The field grew rapidly over the next ten years. In 2005, the Modern Language Association established disability studies as a "division of study". My edit: While Disability Studies primarily emerged in the US, the UK and Canada other countries were looking at disability studies through different lens. For instance Germany, looks at Queer Disability Studies since the beginning of the early 20th century. The Disability Studies in Germany are influenced by the written literary works of feminist sexologist who study how being disabled affects ones sexuality and ability to feel pleasure. In Norway, Disability Studies are focused in the literary context. Where the authors create characters who are both gay and disabled.
 * Under the heading of intersectionality there should be some discussion about intersectionality and identity in academic settings and practices. Sri Craven highlights the fact that in academia students and professors don't look at history in a culmination of the intersecting identities but rather focus in one one perspective. Craven and his colleagues include identities such as disability both mental and physical in an alternative course description to get students and faculty to think about identity, oppression and struggle in a new way.
 * OT: Feminism integrates the social and political aspects that makes a body oppressed while allowing empowerment to be present in acknowledging its culture. Rosemarie Garland-Thomson explains that these related systems of oppression pervades all aspects of culture by "its structuring institutions, social identities, cultural practices, political positions, historical communities, and the shared human experience of embodiment". Garland-Thomson further describes that "identity based critical enterprises have enriched and complicated our understandings of social justice, subject formation, subjugated knowledge and collective action". Feminism works towards accessibility for everyone regardless of which societal oppressive behavior makes them a minority. Although physical adjustments are most commonly fought for in disability awareness, psychological exclusion also plays a major role oppressing people with disabilities. My edits: The intersection of disability and feminism is more common in American history than we think yet it does not show up in media, museums or archives that are dedicated to feminist work. Rachel Corbman, a professor of Women's, Gender and Sexuality Studies at Stony Brook University In New York highlights how the influence of lesbian feminist organizations like the "Disabled Lesbian Alliance (DLA)"  are not represented in the archives of literature and documentation of events in the community.The DLA work close together to fight for visibility, accessibility and acceptance of individuals whether they are disabled, or lesbian or both. Corbman's article highlights the beginning of disability activism during the feminist movement of the 1970s and 80s and how the intersecting identities enticed new members and activists from across the country to join the cause. Other disability centered feminist organizations that are part of the feminist archives include the Lesbian Illness Support Group and Gay and Lesbian Blind (GLB).
 * my edits: Most of the literature above is written by individual authors in the United States but there is nothing on there from other countries that depicts disability and sexuality in the same context. Myren-Svelstad, a Norwegian scholar compares two deviant novels in Norway's society, Nini Roll Anker's Enken [the Widow] written in 1932 and Magnhild Haalke's Allis sønn [Alli's Son] written in 1935. They both depict a queer man who is also disabled. The disability being depicted as someone whose mental capacity is significantly different than society's heteronormative view.  OT: A 2012 study showed that disability was more common in LGBTQ individuals when compared to heterosexual peers. It was also shown that the LGBTQ group with disabilities were noticeably younger in age than the heterosexual group.  my edits: In a 2014 study of intersecting identities found that "disabled women whether gay, straight, bisexual or otherwise identifying have a harder time finding romantic relationships due to their socioeconomic status and ability. Drummond and Brotman introduce the idea that the lesbian disabled community face many barriers because of discrimination in the form of ableism, homophobia, racism and more due to intersecting identities and and interests.

added the queer/ disabled invisibility & negativity section
An aspect of disability studies that is not often talked about is that of the perception of seeing disabled individuals as invisible. Also known as "queer/ Disabled invisibility." In disability studies the individuals who are disabled who make it into academic course work are usually the ones who struggle not only with being disabled and facing ableistic norms of society but they also have to contend with other identities such as being queer, a woman or a person of another race other than the master race of caucasian in america. Queer/ Disabled invisibility can also come up in forms of negative perceptions about the way a disabled individual is being raised. For instance, queer mothers raising a disabled child are often viewed as the cause of the child's disability. Another example of queer & disabled negativity comes is highlighted in the life experiences of Josie a young woman who does not identify as a particular gender living with a lifelong illness and disability. This young woman describes how she experienced sexism, ableism, homophobia and transphobia in a number of ways at her university, the queer community and medical providers because of her disability. The discrimination the women in these examples is part of the heteronormative, ableistic perspective in societies around the world today but are rarely discussed in the literature or during Disability Studies courses.

Added activism section
Earlier in the section Feminism is talked about in depth but there are more forms of activism. For instance, Joni Eareckson Tada a quadriplegic is an author and activist from the United States works to ensure accessibility and inclusivity for all individuals in her church and around the world. She and her organization "Joni and Friends" work together to provide equal access for those who are disabled and incarcerated in prison while also providing refurbished wheelchairs for those who can not afford them. A disability rights activist who uses her intersecting identities of disability, being a woman and a religious leader to encourage others to think about those who are different than them but are still important. She encourages people to accept others no matter their ability or sexual preference because they are not always deviant, or violent.

Possible articles to use.

 * "Historicising Cumpulsory Able-bodiedness: The History of Sexology meets Queer Disability Studies"
 * "Anachrony, Disability and the Gay Man"
 * "Intersectionality and Identity"
 * "The Sound that You do not See. Notes on Queer and disabled invisibility"
 * "The Gift of Mobility: Disability Queerness and the Cultural politics of Rehabilitation"

Reflection:
Wow! this course was a lot harder than I originally thought it was going to be. I learned a lot about the LGBT community and how to use Wikipedia. I had previously known about Wikipedia but I did not know how to edit or the different types of article classifications. During the duration of this course I looked at dozens of possible Wikipedia articles to edit but it was hard to pick one that not only interested me but met the same subject matter as the course itself. It took me about half the semester to find an article that fit with my research but ultimately I landed with Disability studies. This topic fit because it incorporates what I wanted to learn with a part of who I am already.

The topic itself was already well developed I just added to it to make it less America centered and also focused on other countries and how they approached Disability studies combined with queer studies. I added to the introduction to make it so readers wanted to know more about disability studies outside the primary places like the United States and the United Kingdom, added information under the intersectionality heading and created two subheadings that could still use some editing in the future. the majority of my edits were made to the body of the intersectionality section and I added seven new sources to the resources used. The edits I did were a lot according to the professor but when my work was peer reviewed by other students they were interested in the work that I had done to the article. I decided not to cut down on the edits I made because I felt like I put a lot of work into those edits and felt that they were in the right places on the article. But the edits to the Disability Studies article was not the only thing I did on Wikipedia, I also did a critique of another article on Wikipedia and peer reviews of two classmate’s work.

The article I critiqued was not related to LGBT studies but the African American “Black Arts Movement” it was something that I had never heard of but was interesting none the less. It covered a minority group and the little coverage that was given to this particular part of the Civil Rights Movement. While evaluating an article I learned why Wikipedia classifies articles the way they do and what could be done to make them better. I did the same thing for my classmates Yaneth and Kate when I read their possible edits and suggested ways to make them better.

But overall this was an enlightening experience. I felt like I was a bigger part of the information landscape created by the world. I may be a white cis-woman but I believe that there is a lot that I do not know and could so the research I have done only scratches the surface of what is out there on a variety of topics. This was a great learning experience but I would probably not participate in editing more content on Wikipedia again.

Annotated Bibliography
Binnie, J., & Klesse, C. (2012). The Politics of Age, Temporality and Intergenerationality in Transnational Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer Activist Networks. Sociology, 47(3), 580–595. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038512453792

This article delves into transnational activism. it looks at how in the past decade have grown, changed and shifted for the different types of activists. The article focused on activists in Poland, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands and the UK. The age and generation of these activists networks was the biggest factor of learning and expanding ideas in order to expand the reach of their activism and activities in the countries. It also looks directly at the local and global narratives surrounding the LGBTQ communities and their history.

Cohler, D. (2014). Queer Kinship, Queer Eugenics: Edith Lees Ellis, Reproductive Futurity, and Sexual Citizenship. Feminist Formations, 26(3), 122–146. https://doi.org/10.1353/ff.2014.0026

An article delving into the perspectives of queer relationsand the kids they produce in order to highlight the future of reproduction for this community in Britain. In other words only certain races will be accepted if queer individualswere to have children to create a better child to avoid the harsh critism of those around them. Talking about “the symbolic Child” or the ideal child for two queer parents and the society they raise the child in. Theauthor breaks down the article into subsections in which they talk about being able to love freely whether or not they have biological children or not. But she also talks about the difference between certain communities in Britain and how they feel about the queer members of the community. Often containing them to a certain area of the country rather than accepting them in freely. It is all about the control of biological politics.

Corbman, R. (2017). Remediating disability activism in the lesbian feminist archive. Continuum, 32(1), 18–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/10304312.2018.1404672

It was interesting to learn that disability activism is not always found in feminist archives or the literature about lesbian feminists that shaped the feminist movement of the 1970s and 80s. they discussed several movements and events that lesbian and disabled groups came together in order to make social change for those Iwho are underrepresented or pushed aside. It was interesting to read about how these small group grew as the recognition of feminism grew into the disabled community and beyond the city of New York.

Craven, S. (2019). Intersectionality and Identity. Frontiers, 40(1), 200–224.

This article was written in response to the syllabi and conversation of Introduction to Women's and Gender Studies. focusing on the fact that there needs to be consideration for a plethora or identities and how they intersect at certain key moments in history and society. It is important to recognize that this article comes strictly from an educators point of view and allows insight into how a curriculum that is present in most United States colleges is produced and implemented. These courses focus on specific groups or categories in the introduction of the subject material but often doesnt allow for additive thought or discussion. The author of this piece is giving reasons why this needs to change and how it could be implemented in order to make the course more accessible and interesting for the students who may take it. One great suggestion is that the professors teaching the class should pick readings that highlight certain aspects and identities of the class each week or module. One week it may be articles or literature written by a feminist, the next by someone who is black and part of the LGBT+ community or even someone who is disabled and a different race than just the White, heternormative, ableistic mindset.

Drummond, J. D., & Brotman, S. (2014). Intersecting and Embodied Identities: A Queer Woman’s Experience of Disability and Sexuality. Sexuality and Disability, 32(4), 533–549. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11195-014-9382-4

A personal perspective finding article that discusses how one non-gender conforming individual dealt with intersecting identities that helped them influences others and challenge heteronormative ideals and ableism within different levels of society. this study helps us understand how the intersecting identities impact their environment, activism and fight against bias and discrimination. It also dives into the importance of a person’s agency and changing perspectives. The authors chose this young woman because they both understood the struggles of disability and gender discrimination because of their own personal experiences and wished for others in the sociology field to understand them as well.

Elman, J. P., & McRuer, R. (2020). "The Gift of Mobility:" Disability, Queerness, and the Cultural Politics of Rehabilitation. Feminist Formations, 32(2), 52–78. https://doi.org/10.1353/ff.2020.0025

This recent article is about how disabled author, activist and evangelical celebrity used activism to support those who are disabled and queer live better lives. Her organization Joni & Friends helped advocate for prison rehabilitation for individuals who are queer or disabled in the prison system here in the United States. She also works with her team to refurbish wheelchairs that they send to individuals over seas who need them the most. Her philosophy is that you should love and accept everyone no matter their ability, sexuality or religious believes.

Garland-Thomson, R. (2002). Integrating Disability, Transforming Feminist Theory. NWSA Journal, 14(3), 1–32.

We do not always think that disability studies and feminist theory are the interconnected and important but they are. They look at a lot of the same ideas, identities and values. This article gave sound reasoning why disability should be integrated into Feminist theory and education. We need to be able to think critically about how the intersecting identities of disability, feminism and activism play a role in the way we learn and interact with people of different perspectives and ideals.

Gibson, M. F. (2018). Subtle Neglect and Yuckiness: Queerness, Disability, and Contagion in Mother Narratives. Feminist Formations, 30(1), 117–140. https://doi.org/10.1353/ff.2018.0006

A Study about how the way queer parents handle raising a disabled child while others around them disagree with the way they are being raised. If the child is not normal they are sick and need to be quarantine rather than accepted and celebrated. They are considered contagions rather than people. These perspectives while negative leave queer mothers with the feeling of “yuckiness” and sadness because others cant accept their kid for who they are. This is not a new phenomenon yet it still rears its ugly head as the years go on and individuals begin to raise their kid in a different way than the one man, one woman fully able-bodied relationship. As if being queer is creating the reason for a child to act out and become sick when really it iswhatthey live with and other people need to learn to accept it.

Gillborn, D. (2015). Intersectionality, Critical Race Theory, and the Primacy of Racism. Qualitative Inquiry, 21(3), 277–287. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800414557827

Gillborn studies how race class, gender and disability in education are effected by the heteronormative and racist ideals that are present in the United Kingdom. He looks at several different locations and how they are impacted by the different forms of oppression and discrimination. At the same time he talks about the primacy and importance of the study for how perceptions and ideals are present in the country in different areas

Goss, R. E. (1996). Erotic Contemplatives and Queer Freedom Fighters. The Journal of Men’s Studies, 4(3), 243–261. https://doi.org/10.1177/106082659600400305

This article is about sexuality and how in a religious context it is considered deviant and wrong. But at the same time states that being queer would mean that at some point Jesus was queer and that is why "those individuals" exist. The erotic contemplatives in this case are the rationalized ideals that the reason certain individuals are queer is because of something that was stated in the scripture of Christian teachings. But the idea of queer freedom fighters is that those who are religious and identify as queer are fighting to be seen as actual members of their religious community rather than defiant, deviant, immoral beings.

Humphrey, C. (2007). Insider-outsider : Activating the Hyphen. Action Research, 5(1), 11–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476750307072873

In the United Kingdom the workforce and is split into several different group of labor unions. There are those who are men and women separate from each other. the feminists, the disabled and those who identify as being LGBTQ. the author here has taken an ethnographic approach to how individuals subcategorize themselves into trade unions based on their identities. She is a queer individual and a feminist but she found that she identified with more than one group. This ended up showing her that not every group is as inclusive as they say they are and many of the groups she spoke with had their own master narrative that effected how they treated members and outsiders. when she got uncomfortable in the feminist and queer trade union group she found herself being drawn to the disability related group more. She noticed that because of the different facets of her identity she did not just fit into one trade union group or the other but rather could fluidly move between groups to understand the power structures and the dynamics of each group as they fought for recognition and resources.

Humphrey, J. C. (2000). Cracks in the Feminist Mirror?: Research and Reflections on Lesbians and Gay Men Working Together. Feminist Review, 66(1), 95–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/014177800440301

In the past feminism has been about different ideals and strengths but did not always look at the negative sides of feminism. Feminists can work well with others when they want to but often radical feminist blame the opposite gender and use sexism to better their cause. This often leads to hostility and perceptions that directly negatively impact the other group in organizations in the United Kingdom. But this is not just about the pros and cons of feminism but to highlight the fact both gay men and lesbian women have feminist ideas and it is not fair to blatently judge based on gender, ability or ideals.

Kafer, A. (2008, August 22). Review of What's Crip About Queer Theory Now? Sex Roles, 60, 291–294.

Alison Kafer reviews her colleagues written book from 1996 "Crip theory." She delves into his insights about disability studies but he also highlights the realm of queer theory or ideas. she states his major idea that queer and crip theory are interwoven. they each have a part to play in disability, gender and women's studies. McRuer brings the two together to make the reader think about how these two theories are connected and how they influence perceptions and ideals.

Leng, K. (2019). Historicising ‘Compulsory Able‐bodiedness’: The History of Sexology meets Queer Disability Studies. Gender & History, 31(2), 319–333. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0424.12428

In this article, the views of women’s views on sexology, sexual liberation in Germany are discussed in depth. It is also looking at the ideals of able-bodiedness and how that impacts the necessity for the incorporation of Queer disability studies in places like Germany. Focusing on the women's perspective and mark on sexology as well as the disability lens as well. But it is not just about one section or the other but a combined analysis of the two and how it affect the political sphere in Germany of the years. The strong look at each of these lenses as they pertain to sexology helps us understand the divide in perspectives and how it affects other aspects of politics and policy in a European country.

Long, R. (2018). Sexual Subjectivities with Neoliberalism:Can Queer and Crip Engagements Offer an Alternative Praxis? Journal of International Women's Studies, 19(1), 78–93.

In the time of Neoliberalism,the ideal that queerness and disability do not fit into the social heteronormative ideals is a basic principle. This article delves into how these two types of engagement affect the forms of resistance to oppression and discrimination based solely on sexuality and ablebodiedness. it discusses how the intersection of queer/and disability challenge the heterosexual norms of how things should be done in terms of sexuality, intimacy and gender roles. How does the intersection of these two identities affect the way one views their contribution and perspective to a movement such as Neoliberalism.

Myren-Svelstad, P. E. (2018). Anachrony, Disability and the Gay Man. Föreningen Lambda Nordica, 1-2, 62–84.

It is a comparative article about two different norwegian novels in which the main characters are homosexual and disabled based on their concept of temporality. it talks about how people in modern society view homosexuality as something that is asynchronous with societal norms. it compares the two major works and how the author portrays the experiences of these two very different gay men. This article allows us to see just how much the rhetoric of society invades our perceptions and ideals of what it means to be gay or disabled. It is also an in depth analysis of how the two intersecting identities affect relationships and perceptions of the two main characters as well as their ideals. An interesting article that looks at the different themes and perspectives that we tend to ignore based solely on ones sexuality rather than who they are as an individual and what they have to offer.

Pieri, M. (2018). The Sound that You Do Not See. Notes on Queer and Disabled Invisibility. Sexuality & Culture, 23(2), 558–570. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-018-9573-8

When we think of visibility it is usually those who are heterosexual, white men who are able bodied but what we do not think of is those on the other side of each dicotomy that was suggest in the previously mentioned defining characteristics. As we look in depth at gender studies and disability studies we see that little attention is given to those who identify as queer or disabled because they do not fit the norms of heteronormativity and ablebodiedness but are instead considered “others” or those which do not fit into one neat little box or the other. These two groups of underrepresented communities highlights the biggest struggles they have being recognized politically, socially, and individually.

Review of Feminst Queer Crip. (n.d.).

A book review of Alison Kafer's "Feminist Queer Crip" which waswritten in 2013 The review discusses how Kafer organizes the book into themes such as the concept of crip time, female sexuality and disability, and ableism. In the review her book and the research she did is discussed in a minimal yet succinct way. The review being a single page mean there was not a lot of opinion given by the reader but it makes me want to read the book at length to understand the significance and the the information provided.

Rydstedt, D., & Lachowsky, N. (2020). Sex research conferences as heterotopias: A queer crip theory perspective on universal design. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 29(2), 197–204. https://doi.org/10.3138/cjhs.2020-0010

An important article about how the LGBTQ+, disabled and deaf communities are often a part of each other. This article talks about how Canada has come up with inclusive conferences known as Heterotopias because they are designed to include all genders, sexualities, abilities and limitations. But in order to create these safe spaces there needs to be mutual understanding and respect for the different identities that all community members possess. In other words the respect that all participants have multiple intersecting identities that allows them to bring unique perspectives to the table. in order to create these spaces though we need to challenge the universal design on conferences and keep in mind the queer crip theory perspectives on how these conferences should be conducted.