User:Physics momenta

Physics momenta (talk) 05:56, 6 March 2013 (UTC)PHYSICS MOMENTA : physics is a branch of science and momenta means momentum which is scientific term related to linear momentum,momentum of force means torque,momentum of mass,momentum of inertia etc. physics momenta is well reputed coaching center in panipat which is running by TK SONI(99966 20146). WHERE HE GIVES AS BEST POSSIBLE PHYSICS CLASSES FOR XII AND XI CLASS. SOME NOTES ARE PROVIDING BY HIM AS FOLLOWING:

1 (a) ELECTROSTATICS CHARGES ELECTROSTATICS: Study of Electricity in which electric charges are static i.e. not moving, is called electrostatics. STATIC CLING: An electrical phenomenon that accompanies dry weather, causes these pieces of papers to stick to one another and to the plastic comb. Due to this reason our clothes stick to our body. ELECTRIC CHARGE: Electric charge is characteristic developed in particle of material due to which it exert force on other such particles. It automatically accompanies the particle wherever it goes. •	Charge cannot exist without material carrying it •	It is possible to develop the charge by rubbing two solids having friction. •	Carrying the charges is called electrification. •	Electrification due to friction is called frictional electricity. Since these charges are not flowing it is also called static electricity. There are two types of charges. +ve and –ve. •	Similar charges repel each other, •	Opposite charges attract each other. •	Benjamin Franklin made this nomenclature of charges being +ve and –ve for mathematical calculations because adding them together cancels each other. •	Any particle has vast amount of charges. •	The number of positive and negative charges is equal, hence matter is basically neutral. •	Inequality of charges gives the material a net charge which is equal to the difference of the two types of charges. Electrostatic series: If two substances are rubbed together the former in series acquires the positive charge and later, the –ve. (i) Glass (ii) Flannel (iii) Wool (iv) Silk (v) Hard Metal (vi) Hard rubber (vii) Sealing wax (viii) Resin (ix) Sulphur. Electron theory of Electrification •	Nucleus of atom is positively charged. •	The electron revolving around it is negatively charged. •	They are equal in numbers, hence atom is electrically neutral. •	With friction there is transfer of electrons, hence net charge is developed in the particles. •	It also explains that the charges are compulsorily developed in pairs equally. +ve in one body and –ve in second. •	It establishes conservation of charges in the universe. •	The loss of electrons develops +ve charge. While excess of electrons develop –ve charge. •	A proton is 1837 times heavier than electron hence it cannot be transferred. Transferring lighter electron is easier. •	Therefore for electrification of matter, only electrons are active and responsible. Charge and Mass relation •	Charge cannot exist without matter. •	One carrier of charge is electron which has mass as well. •	Hence if there is charge transfer, mass is also transferred. •	Logically, negatively charged body is heavier then positively charged body. Conductors, Insulators and Semiconductors •	Conductors: Material in which electrons can move easily and freely. Ex. Metals, Tap water, human body. Brass rod in our hand, if charged by rubbing the charge will move easily to earth. Hence Brass is a conductor. The flow of this excess charge is called discharging. •	Insulator: Material in which charge cannot move freely. Ex. Glass, pure water, plastic etc.Electrons can be forced to move across an insulator by applying strong force (called electric field.) Then this acts like a conductor. Dielectric strength: The maximum electric field an insulator can withstand without becoming a conductor is called its dielectric strength. •	Semiconductor: is a material which under little stimulation (heat or Elect. Field) converts from insulator to a conductor. Ex. Silicon, germanium. •	Superconductor: is that material which presents no resistance to the movement of the charge through it. The resistance is precisely zero.

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