User:Pineapplemangoes/sandbox

Online Tutoring

Effects of online tutoring
A 2005 study found that when it came to computer science studies, students who had online tutors performed about 30% better on an exam, where students who worked from a printed workbook performed about 20% better. A study in a similar field, online coaching, found a fairly large effect size of 0.77 for online coaching, with its cognitive effects being the largest.

Research in a similar area, online education, has found that generally speaking, students perform better through in-person education than in online education. An article from Chabot College claims that students in face-to-face classes in 2019 were roughly 3% more likely to succeed than their online peers, regardless of demographic. Research performed Linda Price and her team found that students were less inclined to participate in the course. Another paper by J.J. Arias and their team also found that students in face-to-face courses experienced "statistically significantly higher exam scores and statistically significantly greater improvement on post-test instructor questions", which is also supported by Price's research. The same research also found "no statistical difference post-test overall nor in the improvement of post-test standardized questions".

Effects of tutoring can also depend on a student's accessibility to wifi, their ability to adapt to an online space, and their preference for self-study vs. assisted study. Research found that students may perceive online tutoring as difficult with respect to these factors, such as "technical problems, communication barrier, lack of tutee information, and short tutoring duration". There has also been research that found online education performed similarly to in-person education.

With regards to intelligent tutoring systems (ITS), meta-analyses have generally found them to have statistically significant effects over no tutoring at all,  though one study found them equal to regular classes, while another found them less effective than human tutoring (though whether or not this applies to both online and in-person or just one of them is not confirmed in the article). A separate study found contradicting information, finding that the effect size of human tutoring and an ITS were 0.79 and 0.76, respectively.