User:Piotrus/DYKs

Some interesting articles which I created or significantly contributed to that were featured on Wikipedia's Main Page (update). Did you know...


 * 1) (19 January 2006) ... that Józef Olszyna-Wilczyński, a high-ranking commander of the Polish Army, a veteran of World War I, Polish-Ukrainian War and the Polish-Soviet War, was executed by the Soviets during the Polish Defensive War of 1939?
 * 2) ... that the main languages of Renaissance in Poland were Polish and Latin, and that the leading Polish poet of that period, Jan Kochanowski, is regarded as a great Slavic poet?
 * 3) ... that in the Battle of Gdynia during the Polish September Campaign, the German armed forces captured Gdynia, an important port and industrial center of the Second Polish Republic?
 * 4) ... that French-born artist Jan Piotr Norblin is famous in Poland for illustrating many important historical moments of the last years of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and is considered one of the most important painters of the Polish Enlightenment?
 * 5) ... that during the Battle of Hel, one of the longest battles in the 1939 Polish September Campaign, Polish forces temporarily separated the peninsula from the mainland, forming an island?
 * 6) ... that the Merton Thesis claims that Protestant religion had significant influence on the course of the scientific revolution?
 * 7) ... that firing of Anna Walentynowicz, a Polish free trade union activist, was one of the events that led to the giant wave of strikes in Poland and eventually the creation of Solidarity?
 * 8) ... that throughout the development of science, many ideas have been obliterated by incorporation?
 * 9) ... that in the aftermath of the Defence of the Polish Post in Danzig, in the Polish September Campaign of 1939, all the Polish civilians who had held out for 15 hours against the SS-led assault were executed?
 * 10) ... that in the Polish legislative election, 1947, the communist-controlled Polish government, advised by specialists from Soviet Ministry for State Security, ensured its victory by vote rigging?
 * 11) ... that Wojciech Bartosz Głowacki, a peasant, became a Polish national hero after he captured a Russian cannon with his hat during the Battle of Racławice?
 * 12) ... that A Perfect Vacuum, a 1971 book by Polish author Stanisław Lem, is an anthology of imaginary reviews of nonexistent books?
 * 13) ... that Jakub Uchański, a 16th-century primate of Poland and interrex, was suspected of heresy by the Pope?
 * 14) ... that the 1635 Treaty of Sztumska Wieś between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden was of much interest to contemporary European diplomacy?
 * 15) ... that a 17th century Polish politician Mikołaj Sienicki held the office of marshal of the Sejm recordary nine times and was called a 'Polish Demosthenes' for his oratory skills?
 * 16) ... that manifest and latent functions and dysfunctions are sociological concepts for understanding the hidden reasons for actions and customs?
 * 17) ... that in the Bezdany train robbery of 1908, led by the future Polish dictator, Józef Piłsudski, the revolutionaries stole over 200,000 rubles?
 * 18) ... that Stanisław Warszycki, a wealthy 17th-century Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth magnate, gave rise to many legends about his cruelty, and several places in Poland claim sightings of his ghost?
 * 19) ... that Henryk Zieliński, a modern Polish historian who studied in the underground university in his youth, died in mysterious circumstances?
 * 20) ... that in the 1930 Polish election, due to government censorship, opposition papers were reduced to using images of Nietzsche, because he resembled dictator Józef Piłsudski?
 * 21) ... that Aleksander Krzyżanowski, commander of Polish resistance in the Vilnius region, was arrested by the Soviets after his unit helped them liberate Vilnius from the Germans?
 * 22) ... that science fiction and fantasy in Poland traces its origins to the Polish Enlightenment, and that many Polish science fiction and fantasy writers are translated into foreign languages - with the notable exception of the English language?
 * 23) ... that Henryk Woliński, Polish resistance Armia Krajowa member, was responsible for the creation of Żegota and saving the lives of thousands of Polish Jews in WWII?
 * 24) ... that Aleksandra Piłsudska, a Polish revolutionary and second wife of dictator Józef Piłsudski, helped plan the Bezdany train raid?
 * 25) ... that Union for Active Struggle was a secret paramilitary organization dedicated to reclaiming Polish independence, with support by Austria-Hungary against the Russian Empire?
 * 26) ... that Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki, creator of the National Bank of Poland and author of many economic reforms in Congress Poland, has also laid foundations for the industrialization of the city of Łódź?
 * 27) ... that the Constitution of the People's Republic of Poland abolished the office of the President of Poland, replacing it with the State Council of Poland?
 * 28) ... that His Master's Voice, one of the most acclaimed science-fiction novels of Stanisław Lem, is also one of Lem's strongest critiques of the science-fiction genre itself?
 * 29) ... that Henryk Iwański, member of Armia Krajowa Polish resistance in WWII, commanded several incursions into the Warsaw Ghetto in support of the Warsaw Ghetto fighters?
 * 30) ... that student development theories are tools used by scholars and teachers in understanding how students gain knowledge?
 * 31) ... that parasocial interaction is a one-sided social relationship between the audience and the performers?
 * 32) ... that Perfect Imperfection, a 2004 science fiction novel by Polish writer Jacek Dukaj, raises the issues of technological singularity, transhumanism and the anthropic principle, and presents a unique model of human evolution?
 * 33) ... that Józef Kossakowski, bishop and writer, was one of several prominent Polish politicians sentenced to hanging as traitors in the aftermath of the Warsaw Uprising?
 * 34) ... that the Grodno Sejm of 1793, last Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, passed the Second Partition of Poland with deputies bribed or coerced by the Russian Empire's army?
 * 35) ... that the Worek Plan, a submarine operation by the Polish Navy in the early days of the Polish September Campaign, was a failure as the submarines did not manage to sink a single German vessel?
 * 36) ... that Piotr Włostowic, a 12th century voivode of the Kingdom of Poland, managed to break the alliance between Władysław II the Exile and Rus' princes while blinded, muted and exiled?
 * 37) ... that in the Battle of Węgierska Górka, one of the first battles of the Second World War, four unfinished and undermanned Polish bunkers held out against an assault of an entire German division for two days and two nights?
 * 38) ... that Other Songs, an award winning novel by Jacek Dukaj, a Polish science fiction writer, describes a unique world in which the ideas of Aristotle and Hegel replace the laws of physics?
 * 39) ... that although the Polish-Romanian Alliance, an important alliance of the 1920s, was still in force when the Second World War began, it had little impact on the German invasion of Poland in 1939?
 * 40) ... that although the last game in the Battle Isle series was released in 2001, there is an open source project, Advanced Strategic Command, to recreate the series?
 * 41) ... that life chances is a probabilistic concept introduced by sociologist Max Weber to determine the likely outcomes of an individual's life, on the basis of certain underlying factors?
 * 42) ... that Wojciech Bobowski was one of the most important musicians of the Ottoman Empire, and the author of the Bible translation into the Ottoman Turkish language?
 * 43) ... that Flying University was the secret educational conspiratorial enterprise that existed in Warsaw, Poland, in various forms in the 19th and 20th century to provide education outside of the dominating ideology?
 * 44) ... that in the late 18th century, Russian ambassadors to Poland had power that rivalled and even exceeded that of the Polish king or parliament?
 * 45) ... that Jacek Dukaj's Black Oceans, a Polish science-fiction novel, received the Janusz A. Zajdel Award Polish award for sci-fi literature in 2001?
 * 46) ... that the history of communication was dependent on the acquisition of the FOXP2 gene in humans, which facilitated the development of speech 200,000 years ago?
 * 47) ... that the fictional goat Koziołek Matołek has been a popular Polish children's literature character since first appearing in 1933?
 * 48) ... that Walerian Łukasiński, a 19th century Polish Army officer, was sentenced to 14 years of imprisonment by the Russian Empire, and died in prison after 44 years, becoming one of the martyrs of the Polish struggle for independence under the partitions?
 * 49) ... that in their 1956 book Union Democracy, social scientist Seymour Martin Lipset and his colleagues describe how the International Typographical Union once defied Michels' iron law of oligarchy?
 * 50) ... that Henry of Masovia, 14th century bishop of Płock, might have been poisoned by his wife, sister of Grand Duke of Lithuania, Vytautas the Great?
 * 51) ... that Mikołaj Trąba, first primate of Poland, took part in the Battle of Grunwald and might have been a papal candidate during the Council of Constance?
 * 52) ... that Bolko II of Świdnica was the last independent duke of the Piast dynasty in Silesia?
 * 53) ... that Tadeusz Hołówko became one of the first victims of the assassination campaign carried out by the members of the radical Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists despite his relatively moderate stance in the Polish-Ukrainian conflict?
 * 54) ... that Fighting Solidarity, created in response to the martial law in Poland of 1982, was among the most radical splinters of Solidarity?
 * 55) ... that Mury, a protest song by Jacek Kaczmarski about events in Catalonia, became the unofficial anthem of Solidarity?
 * 56) ... that among the editors of Robotnik, an underground newspaper of the Polish Socialist Party, were Józef Piłsudski, future dictator of Poland, and Stanisław Wojciechowski, future president of Poland?
 * 57) ... that Michał Dymitr Krajewski wrote the first Polish science fiction novel in 1785, during the period of Enlightenment in Poland?
 * 58) ... that the cry For your freedom and ours, one of the unofficial mottos of Poland, has been popularized by Polish soldiers, exiled from the partitioned Poland, who fought in various independence movements all over the world?
 * 59) ... that the Polish capture of Wilno in 1919 set the stage for the future Polish-Soviet and Polish-Lithuanian Wars?
 * 60) ... that Battle of the Border refers to the series of battles that were the opening stage of the Nazi Germany invasion of Poland in September 1939?
 * 61) ... that Laments by 16th century Polish poet Jan Kochanowski, a masterpiece of the Polish Renaissance, were inspired by the death of the poet's young daughter, Urszula?
 * 62) ... that the Muscovite-Lithuanian Wars of the 16th century saw significant territorial gains for the Grand Duchy of Moscow, and forced the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to ally itself closer with the Kingdom of Poland, forming the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth?
 * 63) ... that 17 days after the Germans invaded Poland in 1939, the Soviet Union joined the invasion, ensuring the fall of the Second Polish Republic?
 * 64) ... that in the early 1900s the illegal paramilitary Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party assassinated hundreds of Russian officials, policemen and secret agents responsible for repression in partitioned Poland?
 * 65) ... that Taras Fedorovych, a 17th century Cossack hetman, led an unsuccessful uprising over the issue of the Cossack register?
 * 66) ... that the Political Instability Task Force might have predicted over 85% of major state crises occurring in 1990–1997?
 * 67) ... that the Poniatowski Bridge in Warsaw was destroyed in both World Wars?
 * 68) ... that the Society of Friends of Science, first Polish scientific organization, founded in 1800, originated from the Thursday's dinners custom held by the last king of Poland, Stanisław August Poniatowski?
 * 69) ... that History Line: 1914-1918, a turn-based strategy computer game from 1993, adapted the software engine of the science-fiction Battle Isle series to portray the First World War?
 * 70) ... that on October 5 1914, a French Voisin III pilot scored the first air-to-air kill of World War I?
 * 71) ... that neoclassical Staszic Palace in Warsaw was temporary redesigned in a Russo-Byzantine style when Poland was partitioned?
 * 72) ... that a church of the Order of the Holy Ghost once stood at the site of the Juliusz Słowacki Theatre in Kraków?
 * 73) ... that the Barbican of Warsaw became obsolete almost immediately after its construction in 1548?
 * 74) ... that the Polish 4th Rifle Division was the only Polish military unit that fought in the Russian Civil War and returned to Poland undefeated?
 * 75) ... that the Great Synagogue in Danzig, one of the most impressive synagogues of its time, was demolished by the city council of the Free City of Danzig even before the German invasion of Poland began?
 * 76) ... that in the Battle of Zhovti Vody the army of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth faced 1:10 odds for 18 days before its final defeat by the Cossack-Tatar alliance?
 * 77) ... that the Swedish forces at the Siege of Jasna Góra were actually German mercenaries and Polish supporters of Charles X Gustav?
 * 78) ... that the Land Coastal Defence that defended the Polish coast during the German invasion of Poland was subordinate to the Polish Navy, not the Army?
 * 79) ... that the title of Namestnik of Kingdom of Poland became unused and replaced with that of Governor-General of Warsaw without any formal decree after the death of last namestnik?
 * 80) ... that the Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland of 1815, considered among the most liberal constitutions of its time, was increasingly disregarded by the Polish government, leading to the November Uprising of 1830?
 * 81) ... that the Polish minority in Lithuania is the largest ethnic minority in Lithuania?
 * 82) ... that there are several theories about the origins of the name of Poland?
 * 83) ... that construction of Żarnowiec, Poland's only nuclear power plant, was cancelled as the project neared completion?
 * 84) ... that Russian general Władysław Wejtko joined the Polish Army and constructed fortifications in the decisive Battle of Warsaw?
 * 85) ... that a strike in the Hipolit Cegielski Industries in Poznań, June 1956, led to the first major Polish protest against communism?
 * 86) ... that General Stanislav Poplavsky was one of thousands of Soviet officers who served as commanders, advisors and officials in the People's Republic of Poland during the Stalinization period?
 * 87) ... that the Polish Second Army was the second major formation of the Peoples' Army of Poland fighting alongside the Soviet Union in the Second World War?
 * 88) ... that Kazimierz Pelczar, a Polish professor of the Stefan Batory University and pioneer of oncological research, was one of the 100,000 victims of the Ponary massacre?
 * 89) ... that Ponary massacre lasted for 3 years as 100,000 Jews, Poles and Russians were murdered by the Nazis and their collaborators near Vilnius?
 * 90) ... that Leon Wasilewski, first Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs, was one of the chief supporters of the Prometheism policy aimed at breaking up the Soviet Union?
 * 91) ... that a part of Rawa River in Silesia is currently so polluted it is officially classified as a sewage channel?
 * 92) ... that the main force of the Łódź Army was destroyed in the Battle of the Border during the Polish Defensive War of 1939, but an Operational Group held out for a month defending the Modlin fortress?
 * 93) ... that legendary Łysa Góra is the site of an ancient pagan temple, a ruined monastery that gave its name to the local mountain range and province and the tallest TV tower in Poland?
 * 94) ... that confusing orders prevented most Polish forces from taking part in the Battle of Wilno in 1939?
 * 95) ... that reopening of the Cemetery of the Defenders of Lwów in 2005 marked a major improvement of Polish-Ukrainian relations?
 * 96) ... that following Operation Barbarossa, two distinct Polish military formations were formed in the Soviet Union - the first subordinate to the Polish government in exile, and the second one, to the communist puppet government?
 * 97) ... that Polish general Józef Zając held military decorations from Poland, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Austro-Hungary, and the short-lived state of Central Lithuania?
 * 98) ... that the status of the Northern Group of Forces, the Soviet Army unit stationed in Poland from 1945 to 1993, was formally regulated by Soviet-Polish treaty only in 1956?
 * 99) ... that Polish Armed Forces in the West, despite having their country occupied by the enemy, were one of the most numerous of Western Allies military formations?
 * 100) ... that bishop Adam Stanisław Krasiński was one of the leaders of the Bar Confederation, the first Polish uprising?
 * 101) ... that the Poznań 1956 protests were the first major demonstration against the communist government of the People's Republic of Poland?
 * 102) ... that Antoni Szylling was captured by the Germans as a Major in the Russian Army during World War I, and was captured again by the Germans in World War II as a General of the Polish Army?
 * 103) ... that in the 1957 Polish legislative elections, only 723 of 60,000 candidates were allowed to run?
 * 104) ... that the events of Polish October together with Hungarian November shook the Eastern Bloc in 1956 and set the course for the Revolutions of 1989?
 * 105) ... that Polish-Jewish and American historian Adam Ulam escaped The Holocaust by boarding a ship to study in the U. S. only days before the Germans invaded Poland?
 * 106) ... that the defection of Polish secret police agent Józef Światło in 1953 shook the Polish United Workers' Party and led to the liberalization of Polish October?
 * 107) ... that the 1928 legislative election is considered the last free election in Poland before the fall of communism six decades later?
 * 108) ... that reification is a logical fallacy that occurs when qualities of a living being are attributed to an abstract concept?
 * 109) ... that the Institute of National Remembrance, a Polish research institute on modern Polish history, has been in a center of recent Polish politics?
 * 110) ... that historical demography, popularized in the 20th century by French historian Louis Henry, is the study of historical records leading to estimations of past human population?
 * 111) ... that the Jagiellonian Library of Kraków, dating back to the 14th century, is the largest Polish collection of pre-19th century texts?
 * 112) ... that Edward Manning Bigelow is known as the "father of Pittsburgh's parks"?
 * 113) ... that the concept of a communist crime was introduced in Polish law to facilitate studying and prosecution of crimes committed by people in authority against Polish citizens or the nation?
 * 114) ... that the Kraków szopka is a unique Polish Christmas tradition that portrays artistic interpretations of buildings of Kraków along nativity scenes?
 * 115) ... that the summer 1944 Lublin-Brest Offensive of Soviet Army succeeded in bringing the Soviets to the vicinity of Warsaw, where the Warsaw Uprising began?
 * 116) ... that Władysław Orkan, a Podhale Polish writer and poet of the Young Poland movement, never passed his matura exams?
 * 117) ... that Matysiakowie is both the most popular radio drama in Poland and one of the longest running in the world, with over 2600 episodes broadcast since 1956?
 * 118) ... that battle for trade was a phrase introduced by Polish communist propaganda for the nationalization of private sector shops?
 * 119) ... that Józef Franczak, last of the cursed soldiers, was a resistance fighter for over half his life?
 * 120) ... that a Three-Year Plan succeeded in rebuilding the economy of Poland from World War II devastation?
 * 121) ... that before World War II, the Polish Army prioritized defence planning in case of Soviet attack over a plan against German invasion until the late 1930s?
 * 122) ... that Józef Mianowski, a 19th century Polish academic and personal physician of Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaievna, falsified university records to give alibis to Polish insurgents in 1860s?
 * 123) ... that 19th century Polish general Ludwik Mierosławski led revolutionaries in Poland, Germany and Italy?
 * 124) ... that Miss Pittsburgh was the first plane to deliver airmail between Pittsburgh and Cleveland?
 * 125) ... that 19th century Polish noble and farmer Stanisław Chełchowski published academic works ranging from ethnography through agriculture to mycology?
 * 126) ... that Polish I Corps in Russia, originally intended to fight for the Triple Entente against the Central Powers, was forced to ally itself with the German Ober Ost forces?
 * 127) ... that the Polish-Teutonic War of 1519-1521 was the last of the Polish-Teutonic Wars, and ended with the Prussian Homage?
 * 128) ... that the 1621 Battle of Khotyn resulted directly in the death of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth leader, hetman Jan Karol Chodkiewicz, and indirectly in the death of the Ottoman Empire commander, sultan Osman II?
 * 129) ... that Będzin Castle, an important fortress in medieval Poland, fell into disrepair in the Renaissance era, was almost demolished in the 19th century and was rebuilt only in the 1950s?
 * 130) ... that one of the most influential people in Polish-French relations was Napoleon Bonaparte, still considered a hero in Poland and mentioned in the Polish national anthem?
 * 131) ... that in the Polish-Ottoman War of 1672-1676, a few years before crippling the Ottomans at the Battle of Vienna, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was forced to sign an unfavorable treaty with the Empire?
 * 132) ... that according to a legend, Polish-Lithuanian noble Mikołaj Sapieha stole a Holy Painting from a private Papal chapel in Rome?
 * 133) ... that the April 1920 Polish-Ukrainian agreement became the legal justification of the Kiev Offensive against Bolshevik Russia?
 * 134) ... that the 10-day battle for the Festung Kolberg in March 1945 was one of the most intense urban battles of the Polish First Army, destroying most of the city?
 * 135) ... that the Polish Army in France continued to fight in the Battle of France despite Pétain’s call for armistice and demobilization?
 * 136) ... that Stanisław Patek, dropped from the Russian Empire's list of attorneys for defending political dissidents, was later involved in the creation of a new Polish legal system?
 * 137) ... that in the Smolensk War, the Russian Tsardom and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth tried various Western military innovations and strategies for the first time?
 * 138) ... that Protestant and Orthodox minorities gained significant concessions from the Catholics during the election sejm of 1632?
 * 139) ... that the Polish Resettlement Corps was tasked with organizing the 250,000 members of the Polish Armed Forces in the West, over half of whom eventually chose to settle in the UK instead of returning to communist Poland?
 * 140) ... that coffin portraits of nobility of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth were meant to create an impression that the deceased is taking part in the funeral?
 * 141) ... that the Polish historian and survivor of the Nazi German Operation Sonderaktion Krakau Stanisław Kutrzeba formed an underground university in defiance of Nazi edicts?
 * 142) ... that the real objective of the 1732 Treaty of Three Black Eagles, where Prussia, Austria and Russia agreed to support the Portuguese Infante Manuel, Count of Ourém in elections to the Polish throne, was to create a rift between France and Prussia?
 * 143) ... that in 1526, with the heirless death of Janusz III Mazowiecki, last of the Masovian Piasts, the Duchy of Masovia was reunited with Poland?
 * 144) ... that the military doctrine of the cult of the offensive was one of the main causes of World War I?
 * 145) ... that Piłsudski's Mound, built in 1937, is the youngest and largest of the four mounds of Kraków?
 * 146) ... that after the November Uprising in partitioned Poland, the government of the Russian Empire offered a bounty for one of the Polish leaders, Jan Czyński?
 * 147) ... that the leaders of the failed coup in Poland in 1919 were arrested by their intended troops?
 * 148) ... that Polish bishop of Płock Antoni Julian Nowowiejski, murdered by German Nazis in Soldau concentration camp, became one of the 108 Martyrs of World War Two?
 * 149) ... that Polish-American historian Jerzy Jan Lerski was a member of the cichociemni, a Polish elite commando unit, during WWII?
 * 150) ... that the Łódź insurrection was one of the largest disturbances of the Russian Revolution of 1905?
 * 151) ... that Polish painter and politician Henryk Józewski protected Ukrainian leader Symon Petliura from extradition to Soviet Union by hiding him in his flat?
 * 152) ... that Wilhelm Koppe, one of the chief Nazi Holocaust perpetrators in occupied Poland, escaped arrest and under false name managed a Bonn chocolate factory for over a decade?
 * 153) ... that the now-Polish Gliwice Canal was known as the "Adolf Hitler Canal" during WWII?
 * 154) ... that the Little Treaty of Versailles was the first of several Minority Treaties, and Poland's renouncing of it was the deathblow to the League of Nations' ethnic minority-protection regime?
 * 155) ... that the Minority Treaties of 1919-1921, designed to protect ethnic minorities, were not implemented on the victorious allies of World War I?
 * 156) ... that popularity of German Minority, a party of the German minority in Poland, has been steadily declining since its establishment?
 * 157) ... that despite losing almost one third of their men in the Battle of Osuchy, Polish resistance in the Zamość region successfully engaged Germans during the nationwide Operation Tempest only a month later?
 * 158) ... that Jan Czerski, exiled to Siberia after the January Uprising, became a self-taught scientist and Siberian explorer, thrice decorated with the gold medal by the Russian Geographical Society?
 * 159) ... that Bonawentura Niemojowski, a Polish politician during the Congress Poland period, became one of the most vocal supporters of the November Uprising against the Russian Empire and a leader of the revolutionary Polish government?
 * 160) ... that among the founding members of Philomathes - a clandestine Polish student organization in Imperial University of Vilna in partitioned Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth - was Adam Mickiewicz, one of the three national poets of Poland?
 * 161) ... that Berlinka was a partially constructed highway built by Nazi Germany that was intended to span the Polish Corridor from Berlin to Königsberg, Prussia?
 * 162) ... that during the negotiations in Ostrów in 1392, the principal Polish negotiator, Henry of Masovia, bishop of Płock, fell in love with the sister of his opponent, Vytautas the Great?
 * 163) ... that in 1866 Polish exilees to Siberia staged an uprising trying to escape to China?
 * 164) ... that Kazimierz Pużak, once considered for president of Poland, was one of the leaders of the Polish Secret State arrested by Soviets and sentenced in the Trial of the Sixteen?
 * 165) ... that Golden Liberty, the political system of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, similar to federation and democracy, became ineffective when faced with the surrounding monarchies?
 * 166) ... that Żeligowski's Mutiny, which resulted in the creation of the Republic of Central Lithuania in late 1920, was in fact staged and carried out with the knowledge of Polish leader Józef Piłsudski?
 * 167) ... that the Polish rock band Czerwone Gitary reached the heights of its popularity in the 1960s, and was known as the Polish Beatles?
 * 168) ... that Otto Magnus von Stackelberg, Russian ambassador to Poland, can be considered an unofficial but de facto ruler of Poland?
 * 169) ... that the Polish side tried to keep the Suwałki Agreement limited in scope so that it would not interfere with the planned Żeligowski's Mutiny?
 * 170) ... that the Battle of Chudniv in 1660 was the largest Polish victory over the Russians until the Battle of Warsaw in 1920?
 * 171) ... that without adequate scouting, Russian forces advanced blindly into the Battle of Lubar in 1658 during the Russo-Polish War, and were soundly defeated by a Polish army much larger than expected?
 * 172) ... that the Battle of Szkłów in 1654 occurred during a solar eclipse?
 * 173) ... that Jan IV Oświęcimski, the duke of Oświęcim from 1445 to 1456, harassed the King of Poland so much that he was paid a debt that was promised him four years earlier?
 * 174) ... that the Battle of Kostiuchnówka during the Brusilov Offensive in summer 1916 is considered the largest and most vicious of the battles involving the Polish Legions?
 * 175) ... that the testament of Bolesław III Krzywousty, High Duke of Poland, in 1138, led to the fragmentation of Poland which lasted for 200 years?
 * 176) ... that Lód, the most recent book by Polish science-fiction writer Jacek Dukaj, is an alternate history novel of over 1000 pages?
 * 177) ... that in the Polish-Austrian War of 1809, part of the War of the Fifth Coalition, Polish forces under Józef Antoni Poniatowski neutralized an Austrian force twice their size and liberated most of the Austrian-held Polish territory?
 * 178) ... that E.Wedel, a famous confectionery company of Poland, retained its logo even under the Polish communist government?
 * 179) ... that Nazi Germany planned to starve tens of millions of Jews, Poles and Soviet citizens in order to simultaneously eliminate "surplus population" and feed German citizens and their army?
 * 180) ... that despite German and Soviet attempts to destroy Polish culture during World War II, it was kept alive by underground activities, with the Polish Home Army even creating newsreels?
 * 181) ... that Polish duke Władysław the White gained a nickname of King Lancelot due to his adventurous life?
 * 182) ... that Abraham Gancwajch was one of the most prominent Jewish Nazi collaborators and criminals in the Warsaw Ghetto?
 * 183) ... that Group 13 was a notorious group of Jewish Nazi collaborators within the Warsaw Ghetto, known as the Jewish Gestapo?
 * 184) ... that Multinational Division Central-South, part of the Multinational Force Iraq, has been under the Polish command since its creation in 2003?
 * 185) ... that the Academy of Music in Warsaw, the oldest and largest music school in Poland, is named after the most famous of its students, Fryderyk Chopin?
 * 186) ... that about 12 million people were forced laborers in Nazi Germany during World War II, and less than 2 million received direct compensation after the war?
 * 187) ... that Independent Operational Group Polesie, composed of mostly reserve and second line troops, was nonetheless the last regular unit of the Polish Army to capitulate during the German invasion of Poland in 1939?
 * 188) ... that Red Plague, a poem of Józef Szczepański, commander of Batalion Parasol during the Warsaw Uprising, was banned in the People's Republic of Poland due to its anti-Soviet sentiments?
 * 189) ... that the battle of the Dukla Pass was one of the bloodiest battles in Slovakia's history and contributed to the failure of the Slovak National Uprising?
 * 190) ... that Brest Fortress was belatedly honoured by the USSR as a Hero Fortress in 1965 for its resistance to the Nazi invasion in 1941?
 * 191) ... that Jakub Wejher, one of 17th century Poland's richest magnates, founded the town of Wejherowo?
 * 192) ... that despite much preparation by Prussia, Toruń Fortress, one of the largest defence complexes in Central and Eastern Europe, did not play a significant role in World War I?
 * 193) ... that Karol Szajnocha, one of Poland's leading 19th century historians, was self-taught as he was expelled from university?
 * 194) ... that Operation Himmler was a Nazi Germany false flag operation, intended to create an appearance that the German invasion of Poland was a defensive war provoked by a Polish attack on Germany?
 * 195) ... that Alexander Solzhenitsyn composed his 12,000-lines long poem Prussian Nights while imprisoned in a GULAG camp, writing down each day a few lines on a bar of soap?
 * 196) ... that over 90% of Lithuanian Jews perished in the first few months of Operation Barbarossa in the Holocaust in Lithuania?
 * 197) ... that in the 1944 Battle of Murowana Oszmianka, the Polish resistance Armia Krajowa dealt a significant defeat to the Nazi-Lithuanian Lithuanian Territorial Defense Force?
 * 198) ... that the Zamość Uprising was one of the major operations of the Polish resistance movement in World War II, and succeeded in significantly delaying German plans to evict the Polish inhabitants and colonize the region?
 * 199) ... that Polish – Ukrainian relations have been steadily improving since the fall of communism, and both countries now have a strong strategic relationship?
 * 200) ... that Polish war correspondent Melchior Wańkowicz was charged with "slandering the People's Republic of Poland", for criticizing the state in a private letter?
 * 201) ... that revolution in the Kingdom of Poland, part of the Russian Revolution, included a three-year-long school strike against the russification of the Polish educational system?
 * 202) ... that lumpenbourgeoisie, a neologism of lumpenproletariat and bourgeoisie popularized by economist and sociologist Andre Gunder Frank, is used to describe colonial and neocolonial elites in Latin America?
 * 203) ... that neither the far right Lizard Union nor the communist Armia Ludowa, both parts of the Polish resistance in World War II, recognized the Polish Underground State?
 * 204) ... that silva rerum was a type of a multi-generational chronicle, kept by many Polish noble families from the 16th through 18th centuries?
 * 205) ... that Frederick II of Prussia was elated by the First Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth?
 * 206) ... that the book Fear by Jan T. Gross has been a subject of significant controversy in Poland?
 * 207) ... that to preserve national unity, Polish king Stefan Batory restored the city of Danzig's economic and religious privileges after an uprising?
 * 208) ... that sociology was banned as a bourgeois science by the Polish government in the Stalinist period 1948–1956?
 * 209) ... that the Polish-Lithuanian union of Lublin in 1569 marked the beginning of centuries of struggle between Poland and Russia over Central and Eastern Europe?
 * 210) ... that rabbi Dow Ber Meisels of Kraków and Warsaw was a prominent supporter of Polish independence, including both the November and January Uprisings?
 * 211) ... that sociology of the Internet is one of newly emerged branches of sociology concerned with issues such as the digital divide, online social capital and public sphere?
 * 212) ... that after agreeing to a prisoner exchange following the 1799 Siege of Mantua, the Austrians reneged by arresting soldiers of the Polish Second Legion as "deserters"?
 * 213) ... that sociologists distinguish between general social movements and specific social movement organizations?
 * 214) ... that social interface is a term used in social sciences both in a theoretical literature, and in a practical design of computer user interfaces?
 * 215) ... that Open Access movement, a social movement in academia dedicated to the principle of open access—information sharing for the common good—traces its history to 1960s or earlier?
 * 216) ... that the colonels' group dominated the Polish government for most of the history of the Second Polish Republic?
 * 217) ... that the Battle of Kokenhausen saw one of the most successful uses of the Polish hussars?
 * 218) ... that despite total defeat of the Polish forces in the Mongol invasion of Poland, the Mongols did not occupy the country?
 * 219) ... that after the Battle of Chmielnik, a major victory for the Mongols during their invasion of Poland, inhabitants of Kraków abandoned their city?
 * 220) ... that the Wawer massacre around Christmas 1939 in occupied Poland is considered one of the first large massacres of Polish civilians by Nazi Germany?
 * 221) ... that political opportunity theory explains the rise and decline of social movements by their dependence on outside, political factors?
 * 222) ... that Polish mountaineer Tadeusz Piotrowski, one of the finest winter mountaineers of the 1970s and '80s, died during descent from K2, after completing the first and only ascent by the "South Face"?
 * 223) ... that Supreme National Tribunal, a war crime tribunal active in Poland from 1946 to 1948, presided over seven high-profile cases, including the First Auschwitz Trial?
 * 224) ... that cancer specialist Julian Aleksandrowicz, a Polish Jew, joined Polish resistance Armia Krajowa after being aided in the Kraków ghetto by one of the Polish Righteous?
 * 225) ... that Łaski's Statute of 1505 was the first codification of Polish law?
 * 226) ... that in the aftermath of the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, the Kościuszko Uprising occurred in 1794?
 * 227) ... that Three Emperors' Corner is a former tripoint between the Austrian Empire, German Empire and the Russian Empire, created in the late 19th century in the aftermath of the partitions of Poland?
 * 228) ... that Nazi Germany used thousands of Polish laborers to build infrastructure for their invasion of the Soviet Union?
 * 229) ... that in 1919, Poland tried to overthrow the Lithuanian government, but the Sejny Uprising resulted in the plan's failure?
 * 230) ... that historian Richard C. Lukas estimated that upwards of one million Poles were involved in the rescue of Jews during the Holocaust?
 * 231) ... that Mieczysław Jagielski negotiated the agreement which recognized Solidarity as the first independent trade union within the Eastern Bloc?
 * 232) ... that Order of the Builders of People's Poland was the highest civilian decoration in the People's Republic of Poland?
 * 233) ... that overchoice refers to the situation where when faced with too many choices, people become indecisive and unhappy?
 * 234) ... that Tytus Filipowicz, nominally the first Polish ambassador to Georgia, was captured during the Soviet invasion and ultimately organized the first Polish embassy to the Soviet Union?
 * 235) ... that Baruch Steinberg was the Chief Rabbi of the Polish Army during the German invasion of Poland in 1939, and died a year later as a Soviet prisoner of war in the Katyn massacre?
 * 236) ... that after the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, the Polish II Corps in Russia refused to surrender to the Germans?
 * 237) ... that in the Prussian partition of Poland, Germanization policies had the opposite effect of strengthening Polish national consciousness?
 * 238) ... that out of three partitions of Poland, the Russian partition was the largest and most populous?
 * 239) ... that out of three partitions of Poland, the Austrian partition had the most local autonomy, but was also the poorest?
 * 240) ... that the Red Army invasion of Georgia in 1920 prevented the Polish-Georgian alliance from being fully implemented?
 * 241) ... that the song "The Red Poppies on Monte Cassino", one of the best-known Polish war songs, was written during the Battle of Monte Cassino in May 1944?
 * 242) ... that Jerzy Putrament, a Polish communist writer and politician, in his youth flirted with the right-wing endecja movement?
 * 243) ... that one of Russia's most famous writers, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, was a proponent of the Russian autocracy?
 * 244) ... that Czesław Wycech, Polish peasant movement activist, was also involved with underground education in occupied Poland during WWII?
 * 245) ... that Leon Kruczkowski, a major figure in post-WWII Polish theater, was also involved in introducing the socrealism doctrine in Poland?
 * 246) ... that in light of the Nazi Germany attempt to destroy Polish culture, the Secret Teaching Organization created an underground education system with over a million students?
 * 247) ... that the Bank of Issue in Poland, created by the Nazis to support the Nazi economy, was penetrated by the Polish resistance which used it as a source of falsified documents?
 * 248) ... that in the Battle of Loyew in 1649, dismounted Polish hussars took a Cossack wagon fort?
 * 249) ... that Mykhailo Krychevsky, a respected military commander, switched sides during the Khmelnytsky Uprising, joining the Cossacks, and died soon afterwards in the Battle of Loyew?
 * 250) ... that Polish historian, army officer, and independence activist Wacław Lipiński joined the anti-communist resistance, was arrested by communist secret police in 1947 and died in prison two years later?
 * 251) ... that from 14th to 17th century, the Tęczyński family from Lesser Poland had a major influence in the Kingdom of Poland?
 * 252) ... that Polish caricaturist Eryk Lipiński worked for the Polish resistance during World War II, forging documents, and was imprisoned in Auschwitz?
 * 253) ... that the Secret Military Printing Works of the WWII Polish resistance Home Army was probably the largest underground publisher in the world?
 * 254) ... that Adolf Pilch, Polish resistance fighter trained by SOE during WWII, fought against both Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union?
 * 255) ... that French submarine Doris was sunk by German submarine U-9 in May 1940, after being ordered to sortie with significant damage, rendering it unable to dive?
 * 256) ... that in the Battle of Warsaw in 1705, a Swedish force of 2,000 men defeated a Polish-Lithuanian-Saxonian force five  times as strong?
 * 257) ... that despite historical border disputes, Poland – Czechoslovakia relations were friendly, and during WWII their governments-in-exile considered forming a confederation?
 * 258) ... that Minsk Ghetto was the largest ghetto in the German-occupied territory of the Soviet Union?
 * 259) ... that an uprising led by local chapter of the Jewish Combat Organization occurred in the Będzin Ghetto during its final liquidation in early August 1943?
 * 260) ... that the most successful of Nazi Germany's anti-partisan operations of the Second World War was Operation Hannover?
 * 261) ... that some Nazi German anti-partisan operations later became the basis for counter-insurgency policies developed by countries such as France and the United States?
 * 262) ... that Jerzy Borejsza, in charge of the Polish communist cultural policy in the early postwar years, was so influential that his network was called an "empire" or "state within a state"?
 * 263) ... that Polish Jesuit and missionary Jan Mikołaj Smogulecki introduced the knowledge of logarithms to China in the mid-17th century?
 * 264) ... that Polish merchant Jan Dekert was a vocal advocate for the enfranchisement of burghers during the Great Sejm in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth?
 * 265) ... that American Louis Littlepage had to receive a special permission from the US Congress to serve as a secretary to the last king of Poland, Stanisław August Poniatowski?
 * 266) ... that while most Enlightenment scholars criticized the Byzantine system of the Eastern Roman Empire, Konstantin Leontiev, a scholar from the Russian Empire praised it for the very same reasons?
 * 267) ... that the capture of Bologna on 21 April 1945 was the last battle of the Polish II Corps?
 * 268) ... that the battle of Ancona was the only independent operation of the Polish II Corps in World War II?
 * 269) ... that Jan Piekałkiewicz, a leading Polish statistician, became the Polish Underground State's Government Delegate, and died at the hands of Nazi Germany?
 * 270) ... that Gazette de Leyde was likely the most important newspaper of the late 18th-century Europe, and the only one read by Louis XVI?
 * 271) ... that the Black Procession of Polish burghers in 1789 resulted in the passage of the belated major urban reform in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth?
 * 272) ... that the 1923 Kraków riot resulted in over 30 fatalities and helped in the fall of the Chjeno-Piast government of Wincenty Witos?
 * 273) ... that the study of sociology in China was repressed as a bourgeois pseudoscience during the early communist era?
 * 274) ... that the Środa treasure, one of the most valuable archaeological finds in 20th-century Europe, was originally lost during the Black Plague?
 * 275) ... that Marxist sociology, despite Marxist influences on the Russian Revolution, for a time has been suppressed in the Soviet Bloc, while flourishing in the West?
 * 276) ... that the Soviet Peace Committee, a peace movement created and sponsored by the Soviet Union, criticized Western policies but defended Soviet ones?
 * 277) ... that Dartmouth Conferences is one of the longest ongoing bilateral unofficial dialogues between American and Soviet (now, Russian) representatives?
 * 278) ... that Statutes of Casimir the Great from the 14th century were the first codification and the basis of modern Polish law?
 * 279) ... that Nazi German regulation of Polish forced laborers intentionally created and supported discrimination on the basis of ethnicity?
 * 280) ... that Polish historian and socialist activist, Adam Próchnik, was alleged to have been an illegitimate son of the Polish Prime Minister Ignacy Daszyński?
 * 281) ... that the architectural style of the manor houses known as dwór or dworek that evolved during the late Polish Renaissance period still inspires some contemporary Polish manors?
 * 282) ... that while Venice lost some territories in the Peace of Turin in 1381, it was in fact winning the Venetian–Genoese Wars?
 * 283) ... that Dymitr of Goraj, one of the most powerful people in the late 14th-century Kingdom of Poland, was instrumental in preventing the marriage between Jadwiga of Poland and William, Duke of Austria?
 * 284) ... that in 1900 alone the Eastern German provinces lost about 1,600,000 people due to Landflucht?
 * 285) ... that Adolf Bniński, Polish presidential candidate in 1926, was the Government Delegate of the Polish Underground State for the Polish territories annexed by Nazi Germany?
 * 286) ... that in the Polish – Muscovite War of 1577–1582, Muscovy failed in its attempt to gain access to the Baltic Sea?
 * 287) ... that in 1882, almost a century after the final partition of Poland, Polish explorer Stefan Szolc-Rogoziński tried to found a Polish colony in Cameroon?
 * 288) ... that Kordian, a romantic drama by one of Poland's Three Bards, Juliusz Słowacki, is a polemic with Dziady, an earlier work by another of the Three Bards, Adam Mickiewicz?
 * 289) ... that many Jews of the Radom Ghetto in occupied Poland were forced to work in the local arms factory?
 * 290) ... that one of the most notable actions of minor sabotage in occupied Poland during World War II involved stealing a propaganda plaque from the monument of Nicolaus Copernicus (Mikołaj Kopernik)?
 * 291) ... that the Nicolaus Copernicus Monument in Warsaw was inspired by a comment made by Napoleon, and was nearly melted down by Nazi Germany after the Warsaw Uprising?
 * 292) ... that Wronki Prison is the largest prison in Poland?
 * 293) ... that Polish general Józef Haller de Hallenburg faked his death in the 1918 Battle of Kaniów?
 * 294) ... that the Zamojski Academy, the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in Poland, was founded in 1594 at Zamość by Royal Chancellor Jan Zamoyski?
 * 295) ... that Sosnowiec Ghetto was the setting of the Maus comic book?
 * 296) ... that Władysław Oporowski, archbishop and primate of Poland, was a chief political rival of cardinal Zbigniew Oleśnicki?
 * 297) ... that the proposed Lithuanian – Polish – Ukrainian Brigade reflects attempts by the Polish government to tie Ukraine more closely with the West?
 * 298) ... that the Puławy Legion of the Imperial Russian Army, supported by National Democrats, was formed to counteract the Polish Legions of the Austro – Hungarian Army, an initiative of Piłsudski?
 * 299) ... that the Duchy of Belz was passed as a dowry by Władysław Jagiełło, king of Poland to Siemowit IV, Duke of Masovia, upon Siemowit's marriage to Władysław's sister, Alexandra?
 * 300) ... that the Jakub Wujek Bible served as the main Catholic Bible translation into Polish for more than three centuries?
 * 301) ... that one of the findings of sociology of leisure has been that amount of free time is not significantly dependent on one's wealth?
 * 302) ... that Tearoom Trade, a study by sociologist Laud Humphreys of homosexual acts taking place in public toilets, caused a major debate on ethics in observation?
 * 303) ... that a double-barreled question asks about more than one thing, but allows only one answer?
 * 304) ... that univariate analysis is the simplest form of quantitative (statistical) analysis?
 * 305) ... that biosocial criminology predicts that left handed individuals are more likely to engage in criminal behavior than right handed ones?
 * 306) ... that people's veto is a type of a referendum that allows citizens to appeal an existing law?
 * 307) ... that Gazette d'Amsterdam was one of the most important European newspapers of the Enlightenment period?
 * 308) ... that not all complex questions are informal fallacies?
 * 309) ... that Justus van Effen has been recognized as one of the most important Dutch language writers of the eighteenth century and an influential figure of the Dutch Enlightenment?
 * 310) ... that the Hollandsche Spectator, inspired by the British Spectator, was one of the most important developments in Dutch literature during the Enlightenment period?
 * 311) ... that Courier du Bas-Rhin, one of the leading European papers of the late 18th century Enlightenment period, and the main rivals of the Gazette de Leyde, was significantly controlled by the Prussian government?
 * 312) ... that controversies related to the human experimentation in the United States led to the introduction of the institutional review boards?
 * 313) ... that Haiti economic reforms of 1996 were designed to restore the economy of Haiti after the economic shocks of early 1990s?
 * 314) ... that American sociologist Mildred Parten developed a theory on children's stages of play?
 * 315) ... that much of the information that reaches Chinese media is published in the limited-circulation reports for government officials, not in the regular press?
 * 316) ... that James Morris Blaut death prevented him from finishing his trilogy of books criticizing Eurocentrism?
 * 317) ... that economist Eric Jones is known for popularizing the term European Miracle?
 * 318) ... that Venezuelan farmer Franklin Brito amputated a finger for the television cameras and died as a result of several years of a hunger strike in protest over a series of court rulings?
 * 319) ... that the Tamaulipas massacre that occurred on 24 August 2010 has been described as "the worst known atrocity" of the Mexican Drug War?
 * 320) ... that proper design of a sampling frame can be crucial in statistical research?
 * 321) ... that variables and attributes are some of the most basic concepts in science?
 * 322) ... that bivariate analysis is one of simplest forms of quantitative (statistical) analysis?
 * 323) ... that interments at the Gunnersbury Cemetery in London include a Polish president and Commander-in-Chief?
 * 324) ... that Francesco Nullo is commemorated in both Italy and Poland as a hero of those countries' struggle for independence?
 * 325) ... that public perception of graffiti in New York is slowly changing from an act of vandalism to a form of art?
 * 326) ... that François Rochebrune, the French commander of the Zouaves of Death, once disciplined panicked Polish troops by asking them what time it was, which was the only Polish he knew?
 * 327) ... that Eric Hobsbawm's The Age of Empire: 1875–1914 is a Marxist study of the period of the Belle Époque?
 * 328) ... that several ordas (hordes) originated on the Eurasian Steppe, including the famous Golden Horde?
 * 329) ... that repertoires of contention slowly change over time, and include such concepts as rough music, sit-ins and hacktivism?
 * 330) ... that the Battle of Grochowiska, one of the largest battles of the January Uprising, has been also described as the "most bloody" and a "Pyrrhic victory" for the Polish insurgents?
 * 331) ... that the Polish canned fish paste paprykarz szczeciński was inspired by an African dish?
 * 332) ... that, according to the theory of generations, major historical events that occur in a generation's youth, determine the actions they take later in life?
 * 333) ... that the authors of the webcomic Zahra's Paradise remain anonymous, for fear their coverage of recent Iranian events could endanger their relatives in Iran?
 * 334) ... that Polish and Italian prisoners taken by the Russians after the Battle of Krzykawka were deported to Siberia?
 * 335) ... that in world-system theory, sociologists debate whether two world-systems have ever existed during the same period?
 * 336) ... that scholars estimate that it takes two or three generations for a tradition to emerge?
 * 337) ... that Polish poet Juliusz Słowacki is one of the Three Bards of Polish literature?
 * 338) ... that the Polish Pomeranian anti-Nazi Pomeranian Griffin resistance organization was persecuted by the Soviets due to its strongly Catholic character?
 * 339) ... that with over 40,000 citations in scientific literature, Polish-American polymer chemist Krzysztof Matyjaszewski is one of the most cited chemists in the world?
 * 340) ... that the Commission for Polish Relief provided limited food and medical supplies to occupied Poland until late 1941, in spite of Britain's 1940 blockade of shipments to Nazi occupied Europe?
 * 341) ... that Polish best-selling historian and dissident Paweł Jasienica, due to his criticism of the Polish communist government, had his books removed from distribution and prohibited from printing?
 * 342) ... that in the aftermath of World War I, Polish agronomist Mieczysław Jałowiecki lost his renowned estates in Lithuania?
 * 343) ... that in his youth, Karl Marx wrote a comedic novel, Scorpion and Felix?
 * 344) ... that about 90% of the world's amber production comes from the Amber Coast of the Sambia peninsula on the Baltic Sea?
 * 345) ... that the 1833 newspaper Vorwärts!, edited by Karl Marx, has been described as the "most radical" European newspaper of its time?
 * 346) ... that the 1997 Central European flood was caused by some of the heaviest rains ever recorded?
 * 347) ... that Polish neurologist Włodzimierz Godłowski was one of the victims of the Katyn massacre?
 * 348) ... that Władysław Marian Jakowicki, a Polish physician and rector of the Stefan Batory University, was one of 19 faculty members arrested by the Soviets in 1939 and disappeared without a trace?
 * 349) ... that Mo Li Hua (Jasmine Flower), a popular Chinese folk song used previously on many official occasions, was censored due to its association with the 2011 Chinese protests?
 * 350) ... that Émile Durkheim, one of the fathers of sociology, intended The Rules of Sociological Method (1895) to be a manifesto of this discipline?
 * 351) ... that Polish State Forests oversee 77.8% of forests in Poland?
 * 352) ... that Bloodlands: Europe Between Stalin and Hitler, by Timothy D. Snyder, discusses the estimated 14 million deaths that occurred in Eastern Europe between 1933 and 1945?
 * 353) ... that the adjective "Polish-Lithuanian" refers to pre-nationalistic, multicultural inhabitants of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, unlike the modern understanding of the two nationalities?
 * 354) ... that Baron Ludwig von Westphalen was a friend and mentor of young Karl Marx?
 * 355) ... that a conman impersonating Oskar Daubmann received international fame, caused an incident in French-German relations, and helped the Nazis win the 1932 German elections?
 * 356) ... that the Battle of Bautzen in 1945 was the bloodiest battle of the Polish Army since the Battle of Bzura in 1939?
 * 357) ... that in the Battle of Byczyna, Chancellor and Hetman Jan Zamoyski of Poland-Lithuania took Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria prisoner, ending the brief War of the Polish Succession?
 * 358) 2 hook placeholder
 * 359) ... that the Polish faculty expelled by the Nazis from Poznań University during World War II formed the underground University of the Western Lands
 * 360) ... that the phenomenon of feudal fragmentation has had a significant impact on European history, particularly during the Middle Ages?
 * 361) ... that the 1945 Augustów roundup which resulted in the disappearance and likely murder of about 600 Polish citizens by the Soviet Union is considered the largest crime committed in Poland after World War II?
 * 362) ... that Polish-German "cotton king" Juliusz Karol Kunitzer survived a 1893 assassination attempt, but died during that of 1905?
 * 363) ... that during World War II the Polish Teachers' Union was mostly active through the Secret Teaching Organization?
 * 364) ... that Solidarity's victory in the Polish legislative election, 1989, ushering the fall of communism in Eastern Europe, was a surprise to both the communists and the opposition?
 * 365) ... that the issue of Dominium maris baltici was central to Danish and Swedish foreign policy for several centuries?
 * 366) ... that the kremówka cake gained international recognition after Pope John Paul II noted he once ate 18 of them as part of a bet?
 * 367) ... that the space industry is heavily dominated by the G7 countries, due to their extensive investment in the aerospace industry?
 * 368) ... that The Last Ringbearer, an English translation of a Russian alternative retelling of Lord of the Rings, has been published as a non-commercial ebook after a 10-year delay due to fears of litigation?
 * 369) ... that the Nigerian NAPEP poverty reduction program has been a recent target for hacktivists?
 * 370) ... that the anarchist Revolutionary Avengers group from 1910 to 1914 has been described as the most radical terrorist organization in the history of Poland?
 * 371) ... that Duchy of Opole and Racibórz, one of many Duchies of Silesia, was created in the 13th century, split by the end of it, and recreated in the 16th by the last Piast?
 * 372) ... that the figure of Józef Tusk, grandfather of current Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk, was in the center of the "Wehrmacht affair" of the 2005 Polish presidential election?
 * 373) ... that the late 19th-century novel Homo sapiens, although well received in Germany, was withdrawn from sale in the U. S. after being called obscene?
 * 374) ... that May 3rd Constitution Day, among the most important Polish holidays, was banned in the former communist state, the People's Republic of Poland?
 * 375) ... that as political prisoners were released due to the fall of communism in Poland, regular prisoners rioted, demanding better conditions and an amnesty?
 * 376) ... that the first two destroyers due to be constructed by domestic shipyards for the Polish Navy were never completed due to the German invasion of Poland?
 * 377) ... that the official magazine of the Polish Underground State published 80 issues in the dangerous conditions of occupied Poland?
 * 378) ... that the World War II idea of Polish-Czechoslovakian confederation was eventually discarded by the Czechs, whose leader chose instead to believe in the Soviet Union promises of alliance?
 * 379) ... that the British-supported Greek-Yugoslav confederation was signed during World War II, but never came to pass?
 * 380) ... that Polish Jacobin activist, officer of the Polish Legions, Kazimierz Konopka, gained notoriety for his involvements in the unrest and hangings during the Kościuszko Uprising?
 * 381) ... that a masterpiece painting by Jan Matejko shows more than a dozen figures involved in the passing of the Polish-Lithuanian Constitution of May 3, 1791?
 * 382) ... that the effigy of Jan Suchorzewski, who once threatened to kill his son to prevent the signing of the Constitution of 3 May, was hanged during the Kościuszko Insurrection?
 * 383) ... that the Hetman Party of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth called upon Russia to help defend their Golden Liberties?
 * 384) ... that the reformers of Kołłątaj's Forge popularized the ideals of the French Revolution in the Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth?
 * 385) ... that the Patriotic Party of the late 18th century Great Sejm succeeded in passing one of the first constitutions in Europe influenced by the Enlightenment ideals?
 * 386) ... that both the Tarnogród Confederation and the Silent Sejm were engineered by Russian Tsar Peter the Great to strengthen Russia's influence in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth?
 * 387) 2 hook placeholder
 * 388) ... that Tadeusz Rejtan is remembered in Poland for his dramatic gesture as a symbol of patriotism?
 * 389) ... that the Battle of Clervaux, part of the Battle of the Bulge, has been compared to the Alamo?
 * 390) ... that the same Partition Sejm that acceded to the First Partition of Poland also created the celebrated Commission of National Education, seen as Europe's first ministry of education?
 * 391) ... that Prussian Homage by Jan Matejko was among the most wanted Polish paintings searched for by Nazis during World War II?
 * 392) ... that the 1773 French satirical drawing of the First Partition of Poland, The Troelfth Cake, was banned in several European countries?
 * 393) ... that the report National Science Foundation: Under the Microscope, by US Senator Tom Coburn, has generated controversy for portraying much scientific research as "silly"?
 * 394) ... that the closed circle of suspects is a common literary device from the Golden Age of Detective Fiction?
 * 395) ... that Prussian statesman Georg von Vincke, known as one of the great orators of contemporary German politics, fought a duel with Otto von Bismarck?
 * 396) ... that American Sociological Association's annual award in the sociology of education is named after Willard Waller?
 * 397) ... that the 2003 historical Chinese TV series Towards the Republic has been subject to significant censorship, and compared to River Elegy, a TV series that influenced the Tiananmen movement of 1989?
 * 398) ... that before his death in 2011, Tadeusz Sawicz was believed to have been the last surviving Polish pilot to have fought in the Battle of Britain?
 * 399) ... that the reputedly impeccable moral character of Celestyn Czaplic, marshal of the Sejm of 1766 in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, became the subject of a proverb?
 * 400) ... that Natalia Tułasiewicz, Polish teacher, was one of only two lay women beatified among the 108 Martyrs of World War II?
 * 401) ... that the cross in front of the Presidential Palace in Warsaw became a focus of a major controversy in 2010, regarding the relations between church and state in Poland?
 * 402) ... that nobleman and diplomat Michał Radziwiłł Rudy was described as a psychopath by his own cousin, politician Krzysztof Radziwiłł?
 * 403) ... that numerous Polish formations fought in Russia from the First World War, through the Russian Revolution of 1917 up to the Polish–Soviet War?
 * 404) ... that Wroniec, a dark fairy tale by Jacek Dukaj, was a taboo-breaking take on martial law in Poland, which was in effect from 13 December 1981?
 * 405) ... that Kazimierz Karwowski holds the record for being elected to the most Sejms of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth?
 * 406) ... that the ideas of 17th-century Polish reformer Stanisław Dunin-Karwicki have been both praised as the harbinger of later reforms, and criticized for not going far enough?
 * 407) ... that Karl Marx's theory of historical trajectory attempted to prove the long-term unsustainability of capitalism?
 * 408) ... that the Triple Alliance of 1788, formed on the verge of the French Revolution, almost led to the war which would have pitted England and Prussia against Russia?
 * 409) ... that the Andrzej Fidyk's documentary Defilada about North Korea, despite its anti-totalitarian message, was initially praised both by communist Poland's censors and in North Korea itself?
 * 410) ... that Public Domain Day is celebrated on January 1 in several countries, but not in the United States or Australia, where no works will enter the public domain until 2019 and 2026 respectively?
 * 411) ... that Prussia refused to meet its obligations from the Polish–Prussian alliance of 1790, and instead of aiding Poland during the Polish–Russian War of 1792, helped Russia to quell the Kościuszko Uprising the following year?
 * 412) ... that the figure of Abbé Morio in Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace was modeled on Scipione Piattoli, one of the drafters of the Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791?
 * 413) ... that the abolition of serfdom in Poland was spurred by unrest and uprisings such as the Kraków Uprising and the January Uprising?
 * 414) ... that the 1764 Russo-Prussian alliance, formed two years after the signatories clashed in the Seven Years' War, allowed them to intervene in internal matters of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth?
 * 415) ... that one of the largest operations of the Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party became known as the Bloody Wednesday?
 * 416) ... that the exploits of the Polish partisan People's Army have been significantly exaggerated by the propaganda of the People's Republic of Poland?
 * 417) ... that Siedlce pogrom in the Congress Poland was organized by the Russian Empire's secret police, and carried out by the Imperial Russian Army, whose soldiers were later decorated?
 * 418) ... that the Society of Friends of the Constitution, formed in 1791 to support the Constitution of 3 May, was the first Polish political party?
 * 419) ... that Foucauldian discourse analysis analyzes content by looking at the power relationships within it, and how the power shapes the language used?
 * 420) ... that Kaytek the Wizard, the second of the novels by Polish author and pedagogue Janusz Korczak to be translated into English, has often been compared to Harry Potter?
 * 421) ... that in one of its last acts, the Sejm of the Congress Poland dethroned Tsar Nicholas I of Russia from his position as the King of Poland?
 * 422) ... that deputies of the Sejm of the Duchy of Warsaw circumvented the restriction on debating by staying in the chamber after the session officially ended?
 * 423) ... that Polish cabaret creator, Piotr Skrzynecki, founder of Piwnica pod Baranami, who became a "legend in his own lifetime", did not care for material wealth and for a time was homeless?
 * 424) ... that an opole was an early Polish unit of administration that predated the first formal Polish state?
 * 425) ... that slavery in Poland existed during the Middle Ages, but eventually disappeared with the transformation of slaves into serfs?
 * 426) ... that Polish writer Łukasz Orbitowski was one of the pioneers of setting horror stories in mundane, modern Polish cities?
 * 427) ... that at its extreme, serfdom in Poland required a peasant to work eight days a week for his feudal lord?
 * 428) ... that the Baptism of Poland in 966 led to the emergence of Poland as a proper European state, recognized by other European powers?
 * 429) ... that the cute cat theory of digital activism draws a connection between Internet censorship and lolcats?
 * 430) ... that the privileges of Polish nobility were unprecedented in Europe, giving the nobles the right to control most legislation, foreign relations, taxation, elect a king and rebel against him?
 * 431) ... that Twitter bombs have been used in Internet activism by people as diverse as Barack Obama and members of Anonymous?
 * 432) ... that the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth army was so underfunded that it was often outnumbered 12 to 1 by neighboring armies?
 * 433) ... that Tunisian police officer and whistle-blower Samir Feriani became known as "the first 'Prisoner of Conscience' in post-revolutionary Tunisia"?
 * 434) ... that the army of the Duchy of Warsaw was able to field almost 100,000 men, more than the larger Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ever could for its army?
 * 435) ... that the Army of the Congress Poland was disbanded after the November Uprising, which marked the end of an independent Polish Army for close to a century?
 * 436) ... that Culture Freedom Day, celebrating free culture, has been inspired by the Software Freedom Day?
 * 437) ... that depending on a time and place, the same social movement may be revolutionary or not?
 * 438) ... that Jan Matejko's painting Stańczyk, portraying a solemn court jester, is considered one of the most recognized and significant paintings of Poland?
 * 439) ... that diplomat Karol Boscamp-Lasopolski was executed by an angry mob during the Kościuszko Uprising?
 * 440) ... that Polish historian Stefania Wolicka was one of the first women to receive a PhD degree in modern Europe?
 * 441) ... that Ignacy Krasicki's Pan Podstoli (1778) was one of the first Polish novels?
 * 442) ... that Jan Matejko created an ironic self-caricature of himself painting one of his works, the Astronomer Copernicus, or Conversations with God ?
 * 443) ... that Łazienkowska Thoroughfare, the most famous road in Poland, is part of the main transportation route planned for UEFA 2012 connecting the Okęcie Airport to the National Stadium in Warsaw?
 * 444) ... that the 1976 song "Let Poland be Poland" by Jan Pietrzak became one of the anthems of Solidarity?
 * 445) ... that Kabaret TEY was one of the most popular Polish cabarets of the 1970s and 1980s?
 * 446)  ... that the mountain Piotruś in the Low Beskid range is the site of a pond and stream where Saint John of Dukla is said to have rested?
 * 447) ... that Bajan's list lists the kill scores of Polish fighter pilots of World War II?
 * 448) ... that sources give two different commanders for the Polish forces participating in the Battle of Grudziądz?
 * 449) ... that one of the most popular Polish cabarets, Pod Egidą, performing since 1967, has faced persecution from the communist authorities in the People's Republic of Poland?
 * 450) ... that the Cossack Zhmaylo Uprising ended without a decisive battle having been fought?
 * 451) ... that the Battle of Ochmatów in 1644 was one of the largest victories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth over the Crimean Tatars?
 * 452) ... that the Battle of Martynów of 1624 was one of the largest Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth victories over the Tatar raiders?
 * 453) ... that the Swedes withdrew from the nearly won 1627 Battle of Tczew due to the wound received by their king, Gustav II Adolf?
 * 454) ... that during World War II, British special forces developed an explosive rat booby trap?
 * 455) ... that the ruined town of Miedzianka in Poland was a site of a secret Soviet uranium mine?
 * 456) ... that a majority of German-Swedish forces in the Battle of Czarne mutinied, capitulated and then joined the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Army?
 * 457)  ... that the International Sociological Association was established in 1949 under the auspices of UNESCO?
 * 458) ... that Stanisław Baranowski Spitsbergen Polar Station is named after the Polish glaciologist Stanisław Baranowski who died in a coma following an accident at the Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station?
 * 459) 2 hook placeholder
 * 460) ... that Teofila Ludwika Zasławska and her second husband owned Baranów Sandomierski Castle and three other palaces designed by royal architect Tylman van Gameren?
 * 461) ... that Kabaret Starszych Panów was a cult Polish cabaret, poking fun at the reality of the early People's Republic of Poland?
 * 462) ... that in 1937 the Nazis organized the Degenerate Art Exhibition attempting to discredit modern art, which Hitler declared to be degenerate?
 * 463) ... that Władysław Machejek was a political hack writer during the Stalinist reign of terror in Poland following World War II?
 * 464) ... that the June 26, 2012, Beijing Treaty on Audiovisual Performances has been criticized by the Electronic Frontier Foundation?
 * 465) ... that Mayer Zald and John D. McCarthy developed the resource mobilization theory, which became one of the major theories on social movements?
 * 466) ... that Poczta Królewiecka, published 1718–20 in Królewiec (Königsberg), was the second oldest Polish newspaper?
 * 467) ... that sociology in Russia was declared a "bourgeois pseudo-science" and banned from the 1930s to the 1950s?
 * 468) ... that the Poland–Russia border, now only 232 km (144 mi) long, used to be much longer?
 * 469) ... that Albert Einstein's letter to the 1948 World Congress of Intellectuals in Defense of Peace was censored to remove his call for a world government?
 * 470) ... that outreach services can target diverse populations, from sex workers to Wikipedia editors and readers?
 * 471) ... that officialese can be traced to the exercise of authority going back as far as the oldest human civilizations?
 * 472) ... that CNN International has been accused of suppressing the documentary iRevolution: Online Warriors of the Arab Spring to appease the Bahraini government?
 * 473) ... that the shooting down of an F-117 in 1999 during the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia was the first confirmed downing of a stealth aircraft?
 * 474) ... that social engagement has been positively linked to health and happiness?
 * 475) ... that the enforcement of a 2009 three strikes policy introduced to the copyright law of South Korea has led to tens of thousands of Koreans being disconnected from the Internet?
 * 476) ... that hundreds of thousands of art pieces were looted from Poland during World War II by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union?
 * 477) ... that Onufry Zagłoba, a character in Henryk Sienkiewicz' The Trilogy, has been compared to William Shakespeare's Falstaff?
 * 478) ... that the recent changes to the copyright law of Panama, introduced as part of the Panama–United States Trade Promotion Agreement, have been criticized by the Electronic Frontier Foundation?
 * 479) ... that to seek self-fulfillment is to seek the good life?
 * 480) ... that the 82nd Airborne Division participated in two end-of-World War II victory parades, the Berlin Victory Parade of 1945 and the New York City Victory Parade of 1946?
 * 481) 2 hook placeholder
 * 482) ... that 444 years ago, Poland's Royal Posts were entrusted to an Italian banker, Sebastiano Montelupi?
 * 483) ... that Poland and Spain had no diplomatic relations following the end of World War II, until two years after general Francisco Franco's death?
 * 484) ... that the term Al Jazeera effect used to describe the revolutionary impact of Al Jazeera network on Arab world media has been generalized more globally to other forms of new media?
 * 485) ... that during the partitions of Poland, on the lands of the Austrian partition, the Polish parliamentary tradition was continued first by the Sejm of the Estates and later, by the Sejm of the Land?
 * 486) 2 hook placeholder
 * 487) ... that in the first half of the 19th century, the Sejm of the Grand Duchy of Posen continued Polish parliamentary traditions in the territories of the Prussian partition?
 * 488) ... that some conflicts may be beneficial?
 * 489) ... that the French author of the World War II anti-war slogan Why Die for Danzig?, Marcel Déat, later became a Nazi collaborator?
 * 490) ... that Ruthenian nobility became increasingly polonized with time?
 * 491) ... that Kodak Fortress was destroyed within weeks of its completion in 1635 during the Cossack Sulima Uprising?
 * 492) ... that the Legislative Sejm of 1919–21 was the first national parliament of Poland since 1793?
 * 493) ... that Wikipedia is an example of a produsage community?
 * 494) ... that the Monument to the Ghetto Heroes, site of Willy Brandt's Warschauer Kniefall in 1970, was made from labradorite intended to be used in Nazi Germany monuments?
 * 495) ... that while the roots of the international human rights movement are about a century old, it grew in global significance around the 1970s?
 * 496) ... that the South Korean Cyber Terror Response Center raided Korean Google offices over concerns about Google Street View?
 * 497) ... that in Marxism, withering away of the state is the process which should lead to a stateless communist utopia?
 * 498) ... that the 1943 death of the Polish government in exile leader, general Władysław Sikorski, led to a number of conspiracy theories?
 * 499) 2 hook placeholder
 * 500) ... that during the Siege of Zbarazh the Polish-Lithuanian army withstood the assaults of the Cossack and Tatar army about twenty times its own size?
 * 501) ... that during the Battle of Żownin, Cossack forces constructed a bridge under the cover of darkness to relocate their camp?
 * 502) ... that at the Battle of Dubienka, Tadeusz Kościuszko repulsed an attack from Imperial Russian Army forces five times the size of his own?
 * 503) ... that while poverty in South Korea, particularly absolute poverty, has significantly declined since mid-20th century, relative poverty has recently risen?
 * 504) ... that while spending on welfare in South Korea has been growing, it is still among the lowest of the OECD countries?
 * 505) ... that in January 2013 the cybercrime Virut botnet was partially taken down through the actions of the Polish domain registrar, NASK?
 * 506) ... that Michael G. Santos became the first American prisoner to be released from a maximum security facility?
 * 507) ... that cultural conflict can lead to ethnic cleansing or wars?
 * 508) ... that the Magnates of Poland and Lithuania often had private armies, and exerted significant political influence on the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?
 * 509) ... that the humanistic coefficient is a major element in the sociological theory of Florian Znaniecki?
 * 510) ... that trade globalization is an economic indicator and one of the measures of economic globalization?
 * 511) ... that cultural homogenization in the context of the global spread of Western culture has been described under such names as McDonaldization, coca-colonization, Americanization or Westernization?
 * 512) ... that hyperconsumerism, "a consumerism for the sake of consuming", refers to consuming goods for non-functional purposes?
 * 513) ... that August Agbola O'Browne was the only black participant of the Warsaw Uprising of 1944?
 * 514) ... that poverty in Poland is more likely to affect young than old people?
 * 515) ... that during the Kościuszko Uprising in 1794, Tadeusz Kościuszko's army successfully defended the Polish capital of Warsaw from forces under Frederick William II of Prussia?
 * 516) ... that welfare in Poland is covered by the constitution of Poland, which contains an article dedicated to social security as a right of all citizens?
 * 517) ... that Giedroyc Doctrine, developed by emigree publicist Jerzy Giedroyc in 1970s, shaped the eastern policy of Poland after 1989?
 * 518) ... that Lawrence Lessig's pathetic dot theory stresses the importance of computer code in regulating our behavior?
 * 519) ... that the testimony of Holocaust survivors like Louis Micheels helped to acquit an SS physician, Hans Münch, at the 1947 Auschwitz trials?
 * 520) ... that one of the Easter traditions in Poland includes making and displaying of the Easter palm, the tallest of which can reach over 30 m?
 * 521) ... that smile mask syndrome may affect people whose jobs force them to smile for many hours per day, and is particularly common in Japan and Korea?
 * 522) ... that the last Polish red złoty were the so-called "insurgent ducats" minted at the Warsaw mint in 1831, on the eve of the November Uprising?
 * 523) ... that a series of mostly pagan uprisings in 1030s Kingdom of Poland threw the young Polish realm into chaos?
 * 524) ... that Cossack hetman Ivan Petrizhitsky-Kulaga was executed by other Cossacks after he lost a power struggle?
 * 525) ... that consumption of sweetened beverages has been linked to obesity and related health problems?
 * 526) ... that the statue of General Casimir Pulaski in Washington was sculpted by Kazimierz Chodziński?
 * 527) ... that the most common sources of added sugar consumption are sweetened beverages?
 * 528) ... that the function of safety-valve institutions such as gambling or pornography is to reduce the tensions in the society?
 * 529) ... that late 19th century poverty in Austrian Galicia, punctuated by numerous famines, resulted in millions of migrants and even became proverbial?
 * 530) 2 hook placeholder
 * 531) ... that the soldiers who enlisted in the Polish Armed Forces in the West during WWII were known as "Sikorski's tourists"?
 * 532) ... that one of the skyscrapers proposed for the Yongsan Dreamhub in Korea caused controversy over its design reminiscent of the 9/11 events?
 * 533) ... that Casimir Pulaski Monument in Savannah, the first American monument to Pulaski, was built over 70 years after a US Congress resolution calling for it?
 * 534) ... that Poland has over 2,000 nature reserves, the first of which were created in the 19th century?
 * 535) ... that Jerzy Żuławski's Lunar Trilogy published in the 1900s was a major milestone in the history of science fiction and fantasy in Poland?
 * 536) ... that Maria Konopnicka poem Rota became so popular it was seen as unofficial anthem of Poland?
 * 537) ... that the Wawel Dragon statue in Kraków, Poland, breathes fire?
 * 538) ... that Tygodnik Ilustrowany was a major Polish magazine published from 1859 until World War II?
 * 539) ... that the short story Janko Muzykant was one of Henryk Sienkiewicz's works mentioned in a speech during his 1905 Nobel Prize in Literature ceremony?
 * 540) ... that face-to-face interaction has been steadily supplemented by mediated interaction since the invention of the printing press in 15th century Europe?
 * 541) 2 hook placeholder
 * 542) ... that Christianization of Bohemia in late 9th century was one of the factors leading to the Christianization of Poland a century later?
 * 543) ... that publication of one of Adam Mickiewicz's first poems, "Ode to Youth", was delayed due to censorship?
 * 544) ... that much of the success of the Christianization of Moravia is attributed to the work of Saints Cyril and Methodius?
 * 545) ... that the 2012 World Economic Forum's Gender Gap Index found the United States to have achieved gender equality in education, but ranked it only 55th for political empowerment?
 * 546) ... that the Battle of Kozludzha on 20 June 1774 was a decisive Ottoman defeat in the four year Russo-Turkish War that ended a month later?
 * 547) ... that although the 1822 Battle of Nauplia ended without any major losses on either side, it is considered a victory for the Greek admiral Andreas Vokos Miaoulis?
 * 548) ... that the slapstick joke of slipping on a banana peel might have originated from the perception of those peels as dangerous garbage in 19th-century America?
 * 549) ... that  scholars are not sure who is portrayed in Rembrandt's painting A Polish Nobleman?
 * 550) ... that the Medieval Town of Toruń, one of the World Heritage Sites in Poland, is recognized as an excellent example of a European medieval town?
 * 551) ... that the Old City of Zamość, one of the World Heritage Sites in Poland, is recognized as an "outstanding example of a Renaissance planned town"?
 * 552) ... that the very existence of Mimana state is a major controversy for Korean and Japanese historians?
 * 553) ... that the Polish question was a major recurring issue in European diplomacy for well over a century, following the partitions of Poland in the late 18th century?
 * 554) ... that the Toruń Castle, one of the first castles of the Teutonic Knights, was demolished by rebellious burghers a century or so after its construction, at the beginning of the Thirteen Years' War?
 * 555) ... that Russian television personality Anton Krasovsky caused a controversy in Russia by publicly declaring he is gay?
 * 556) ... that kosynierzy, the war scythe wielding peasantry militia, became one of the symbols of the struggle for Polish independence?
 * 557) ... that one of the unofficial mottos of Poland, God, Honor and Fatherland, likely originated from the Napoleonic motto of the Legion of Honour order?
 * 558) ... that only two and a half pages survive today of the Bible of Queen Sophia, a priceless artifact of the Old Polish language?
 * 559) ... that the Polish book Kamienie na szaniec describing the lives of three Polish underground scouting members was published shortly after their deaths in occupied Poland?
 * 560) ... that the inactive Polish A.B. Dobrowolski Polar Station is still occasionally visited by explorers of the Antarctic?
 * 561) ... that dozens of Red Army soldiers switched sides and joined the Polish Army after several lost engagements during the Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939?
 * 562) ... that Testament mój was the poetical testament of Juliusz Słowacki, one of the Three Bards of Polish poetry?
 * 563) ... that 1970s propaganda in the People's Republic of Poland exploited the technique of exaggerating political and economic successes?
 * 564) ... that Kim Am, an 8th-century Korean scholar, shaman and "master of yin-yang", was the only person to hold the title of the "Great Professor of Astronomy" in Korean history?
 * 565) ... that Ryszard Siwiec, protesting the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia, was the first political protester to commit suicide by self-immolation in Central and Eastern Europe?
 * 566) ... that sociologist Kenneth A. Bollen has been listed in the ISI Highly Cited database of "highly cited researchers" in the Social Sciences category?
 * 567) ... that localization of Józef Piłsudski Monument in Warsaw has been criticized by its designer?
 * 568) ... that the statue of Roman Dmowski, father of Polish nationalism, has proven to be one of the most controversial monuments in Warsaw?
 * 569) ... that Józef Piłsudski's cult of personality succeeded in making him one of the most popular figures in Polish history?
 * 570) ... that Polish jurist and activist Józef Wybicki wrote the national anthem of Poland while serving the Polish Legions in Italy?
 * 571) ... that  Jan Matejko's painting Rejtan  caused a scandal, won a gold medal in Paris, was purchased by Emperor Franz Joseph I, and looted by Nazis?
 * 572) ... that shortly before the First World War, Neo-Slavism advocated the creation of a federation of Slavic states?# ... that
 * 573) ... that the Anti-Superstition and Black Magic Ordinance was recently passed in India following the assassination of its proponent, Narendra Dabholkar?
 * 574) ... that the Killing Us Softly documentary focuses on images of women in advertising, gender stereotypes and sexual objectification?# ... that
 * 575) ... that Polish nationalism  is more restrictive in terms of ethnicity and religion than the earlier Polish-Lithuanian identity?# ... that
 * 576) ... that actor Vic Morrow died in the Twilight Zone tragedy, a helicopter crash during the filming of Twilight Zone: The Movie?
 * 577) ... that Polish-Jewish publisher Samuel Orgelbrand financed the printing of his Universal Encyclopedia, the first modern Polish encyclopedia, with proceeds from sales of the Babylonian Talmud?
 * 578) ... that the Bródno Jewish Cemetery is one of the largest Jewish cemeteries in Europe?
 * 579) ... that the Tęcza in Warsaw has been vandalized several times, most commonly due to anti-LGBT sentiments?
 * 580) ... that a civil war in Poland gave rise to a proverb about a state of division, disorder and anarchy?
 * 581) ... that while international rankings show corruption in Poland as steadily decreasing, over 80% of the Polish public still sees it as a significant problem for the country?
 * 582) ... that neither of the principal combatants won the bloody Greater Poland Civil War which terminated after the accession of ten-year old Jadwiga of Poland to the Polish throne?
 * 583) (12 January 2014) ... that the UFO-like Kielce Bus Station has been praised as "one of the most valuable" architectural designs of the last decades of the People's Republic of Poland?
 * 584) (18 January 2014) ... that the Japanese Shinto shrine Omi Jingu, dedicated to Emperor Tenji, holds karuta and water clock festivals and has been recently popularized by the manga Chihayafuru?
 * 585) (20 January 2014) ... that Polish writer Irena Jurgielewiczowa was also an underground teacher and a resistance fighter in WWII?
 * 586) (24 January 2014) ... that although Piotr Skarga's Sejm Sermons political treatise was ignored during his lifetime, he was labeled a "patriotic seer" centuries after his death?
 * 587) (29 January 2014) ... that imperialism also happens within academia?
 * 588) (30 January 2014) ... that the Treaty of Bytom and Będzin ended the fourteen-month long imprisonment of Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria, in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?
 * 589) (1 February 2014) ... that the Upper Silesian Railway was part of the first rail network connecting Berlin, Vienna, Kraków and Warsaw by the late 1840s?
 * 590) (6 February 2014) ... that Polish Jesuit Piotr Skarga's Lives of the Saints (1579) contained graphic and detailed description of tortures and suffering?
 * 591) (8 February 2014) ... that devotional articles have been produced and sold as far back as the times of ancient Egypt and ancient Mesopotamia?
 * 592) (9 February 2014) ... that delay of the planned restoration of the ruined Katowice historic train station, which attained monument status in 1975, has led to public protests?
 * 593) (10 February 2014) ... that the 13th-century Floriańska Street in Kraków is one of the most prestigious streets in Poland?}
 * 594) (15 February 2014) ... that Polish historian Stanisław Salmonowicz, once repressed by the Polish communist authorities, has published over 1,000 works?
 * 595) (16 February 2014) ... that South Korea's proposed highest-denomination 100,000-won banknote was cancelled in 2008, since the 19th-century map Daedongyeojido depicted on the note did not portray the Liancourt Rocks?
 * 596) (17 February 2014) ... that Zbigniew Bródka, the first Pole to win an Olympic gold medal in men's 1500 metres speed skating, is a professional firefighter?
 * 597) (16 March 2014) ... that the canvas of Skarga's Sermon, a painting by Jan Matejko, covers more than 8 m2?
 * 598) (20 March 2014) ... that the Monument to the Fallen and Murdered in the East commemorates victims of the Soviet invasion of Poland during World War II and subsequent repressions?
 * 599) (20 March 2014) ... that the Szombierki Heat Power Station is considered to be one of the "Seven Architectural Wonders of the Silesian Voivodeship"?
 * 600) (9 April 2014) ... that Prussian Fort Srebrna Góra in Poland is a rare example of a surviving 18th-century European mountain stronghold?
 * 601) (10 April 2014) ... that because of opposition by the Polish communist government, the Warsaw Uprising Monument was constructed over 40 years after the event it commemorates?
 * 602) (14 April 2014) ... that the death of Polish Army chaplain Ignacy Skorupka at the battle of Warsaw became a political tool for opponents of military commander Józef Piłsudski?
 * 603) (19 April 2014) ... that pointy ears are a common characteristic of numerous races in the fantasy genre?
 * 604) (19 April 2014) ... that the 1911 American caricature of capitalism, IWW's Pyramid of Capitalist System, is based on a 1900 Russian work?
 * 605) (15 May 2014) ... that the viral video I Am a Ukrainian has had by far the greatest impact of any video from the 2014 Ukrainian revolution, according to the BBC?
 * 606) (16 May 2014) ... that ecological-evolutionary theory posits that level of technology is the key factor in whether societies flourish or perish?
 * 607) (19 May 2014) ... that the DeCSS haiku was written in part to demonstrate the notion of computer code being considered as free speech?
 * 608) (25 May 2014) ... that the Poland–Ukraine border, the most often crossed eastern border of the European Union, is also a major smuggling route?
 * 609) (7 June 2014) ... that The Polish Peasant in Europe and America has been called a "neglected classic" of American empirical sociology?
 * 610) (11 June 2014) ... that the Germany–Poland border after WWII mostly follows the Oder–Neisse line, dividing several towns?
 * 611) (12 June 2014) ... that Polish-American philosopher and sociologist Florian Znaniecki coined the terms culturalism and humanistic coefficient?
 * 612) (2 July 2014) ... that the Polish resistance stole over a million US dollars in młynarki, a currency named after Polish economist Feliks Młynarski?
 * 613) 3 hook placeholder
 * 614) 3 hook placeholder
 * 615) (8 July 2014) ... that officially reported unemployment in Poland rose from near zero in 1989 to over 13% in 2012?
 * 616) (9 July 2014) ... that the 2014 Korea Queer Culture Festival was disrupted by anti-LGBT, conservative Christian demonstrators?
 * 617) (14 July 2014) ... that the Counter-Reformation in Poland concluded successfully with the Repnin Sejm of 1768, which abolished legal discrimination against religious dissidents?
 * 618) (24 July 2014) ... that the play Golgota Picnic has been the target of protests by conservative Christian groups in France and Poland?
 * 619) (25 July 2014) ... that the trilingual 14th-century Sankt Florian Psalter contains one of the oldest texts in Polish?
 * 620) (7 September 2014) ... that the 1911 book Political Parties, which introduced the iron law of oligarchy, remains a classic of the social sciences?
 * 621) (12 September 2014) ... that Jan Matejko (self-portrait pictured), one of the most famous Polish painters, transported arms to the insurgents' camp during the January Uprising of 1863?
 * 622) (28 September 2014) ... that the size of its automotive industry makes Poland the second largest producer of light vehicles in Central and Eastern Europe?
 * 623) (17 October 2014) ... that the 2014 Internet Slowdown Day (logo pictured) has been compared to the Internet Blackout Day of 2012?
 * 624) (17 October 2014) ... that poor education and an immature pension system are contributing to high levels of poverty in Cyprus?
 * 625) (19 October 2014) ... that the first Wikipedia Monument in the world will be unveiled in Słubice, Poland, in late October 2014?
 * 626) (19 October 2014) ... that Florian Znaniecki was the founder of sociology in Poland?
 * 627) (30 October 2014) ... that the first president of Poland, Gabriel Narutowicz, was assassinated five days after taking office, amidst a right-wing propaganda campaign accusing him of being "an atheist, a Freemason, and a Jew"?
 * 628) (1 November 2014) ... that Jeremi Wiśniowiecki (pictured) was one of the wealthiest magnates of Poland and Lithuania, ruling over 200,000 subjects living on estates in what is today Ukraine?
 * 629) (17 December 2014) ... that the temporary removal of The Partisans, a Boston sculpture depicting Polish cursed soldiers, triggered protests by the Polish-American community?
 * 630) (21 December 2014) ... that the Inglehart–Welzel cultural map of the world groups countries into nine cultural clusters?
 * 631) (22 December 2014) ... that Kolejka, a popular Polish educational board game about shortages in the communist shortage economy, has itself been in short supply?
 * 632) (28 December 2014) ... that 21st century economic migration of Poles is comparable in size to the century-old migration of Poles to the United States?
 * 633) (28 January 2015) ... that although slavery in Korea has been abolished for over a century, modern slavery is still a concern?
 * 634) (18 March 2015) ... that during the Września children strike of 1901–04, ethnic Polish schoolchildren were flogged for protesting against religious instruction in German?
 * 635) (15 April 2015) ... that the Lithuania–Poland border is the only land border that the Baltic States share with a country that is not a member of the Russian-aligned Commonwealth of Independent States?
 * 636) (16 May 2015)... that 'Gellner's theory has been called "the best-known modernist explanatory theory of nationalism"?
 * 637) (23 May 2015) ... that six members of the Polish-Ruthenian noble Szeptycki family were bishops, some Eastern Catholic and one Roman Catholic?
 * 638) (2 June 2015)  ... that the Seoul slum of Guryong lies across the street from the luxurious Dogok-dong district?
 * 639) (22 June 2015) ... that André Langrand-Dumonceau, a mid-19th-century Belgian financier, was convicted of financial fraud, tried in absentia, and died in exile?
 * 640) (1 July 2015) ... that the "P"-badge for Polish forced laborers was the first official, public badge introduced by Nazi Germany, preceding the "Jewish yellow star" by over a year?
 * 641) (8 August 2015) ... that South Korea has introduced Smart Sheriff, the world's first government-mandated parental monitoring app, which has raised concerns over spyware and Internet privacy?
 * 642) (19 November 2015) ... that Vietnamese people in Poland, significantly composed of illegal immigrants, are one of the largest ethnic group minorities in Poland?
 * 643) (29 December 2015) ... that with the recent Korean textbook controversy, South Korea has been perceived as losing its moral high ground in regard to its criticism of the perceived problems with Japanese history textbooks?
 * 644) (24 January 2016) ... that American sociologist Salvatore Babones specializes in topics related to the world system and China?
 * 645) (29 February 2016) ... that during the Cold War, American intelligence tricked Soviet nuclear researchers into working on a nonsensical meson bomb?
 * 646) (3 March 2016) ... that the web series Go Princess Go has been cut by about a third by Chinese censors concerned about its themes of sex and time travel?
 * 647) (27 April 2016) ... that one of the claims of North Korean propaganda is that there is no taxation in North Korea?
 * 648) (9 June 2016) ... that one of the key elements of political globalization is the decreasing role of the nation-state and the rise of global civil society?
 * 649) (18 June 2016) ... that the concept of lost sales used by the content industry assumes that if pirated products were not available, people would buy them at market rate?
 * 650) (11 July 2016) ... that the significant gender inequality in South Korea is illustrated by a Global Gender Gap Report indicator which shows that South Korean women earn on average about 55% of what men earn?
 * 651) (11 August 2016) ... that environmental activists might might be opposed to economic globalization, but advocate environmental globalization?
 * 652) (8 November 2016) ... that the author of Progress: Ten Reasons to Look Forward to the Future argues we are living in a golden age?
 * 653) (9 November 2016) ... that the peak farmland theory predicts that global acreage of farmland will decrease, even as the world population grows?
 * 654) (14 November 2016) ... that the One Piece Treasure Cruise mobile game has been one of the highest grossing titles in Japan and the US?
 * 655) (24 December 2016) ... that most modern nutcracker dolls are not functional, but merely decorative?
 * 656) (4 January 2017) ... that the 1936 Korean novel Sangnoksu has been made into two films?
 * 657) (14 January 2017) ... that it was not illegal to possess or use cannabis in Poland until 1997?
 * 658) (16 January 2017) ... that the Rifa-e-Aam Club in Lucknow was open to everybody at a time when British clubs excluded Indians?
 * 659) (21 January 2017)  ... that the South Korea Improper Solicitation and Graft Act counts private teachers and journalists among the ranks of public officials?
 * 660) (8 February 2017)  ... that freedom of the press in South Korea has declined since 2010?
 * 661) (24 February 2017) ... that the majority of people seeking refugee status in Poland are citizens of the former Soviet Union?
 * 662) (23 March 2017)  ... that Izydor Borowski was born in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth but later rose to the rank of general in Qajar Iran?
 * 663) (31 March 2017) ... that two major landmarks of Gwanghwamun Plaza in central Seoul are the statue of King Sejong and the statue of Admiral Yi Sun-sin?
 * 664) 2 hook placeholder
 * 665) (5 June 2017) ... that The Old Axolotl, an experimental electronic novel by Jacek Dukaj presenting a post-apocalyptic, cyberpunk vision of Earth, incorporates hypertext and 3D-printable models of its characters?
 * 666) (18 June 2017) ... that one of the reasons for the partitioning of Poland was the thousands of Russian peasants escaping from serfdom to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth?
 * 667) (2 July 2017) ... that in 2013, Poland became the world's largest producer of mead made according to traditional methods?
 * 668) (6 July 2017) ... that elevated parks are becoming more common, inspired by the success of New York's High Line?
 * 669) (8 July 2017) ... that Janina Goss has been described as the "power behind the throne" in modern Polish politics?
 * 670) (18  July 2017) ... that disclosure of White House visitor logs have been the subject of several lawsuits brought by government transparency activists?
 * 671) (25 August 2017) ... that the Japanese embassy in Seoul has seen decades of protests, from weekly demonstrations to the throwing of Molotov cocktails, truck-ramming, self-immolation, and outright ransacking?
 * 672) (5 September 2017) ... that Jingu Bashi bridge in Tokyo is a tourist attraction frequented daily by cosplay, visual kei, and gothic Lolita fashion fans?
 * 673) (24 September 2017) ... that the Kraków Fire of 1850 destroyed approximately 10% of the city?
 * 674) (20 November 2017) ... that the Marshall Islands Nuclear Claims Tribunal ran out of funds in 2009?
 * 675) (25 December 2017) ... that one-quarter of respondents to a 2016 survey of Europeans said they had re-gifted their Christmas presents to someone else?
 * 676) (20 April 2018)  ... that Russia's Law Against Rehabilitation of Nazism, compared by proponents to laws against Holocaust denial, was used to prosecute a blogger discussing German–Soviet cooperation?
 * 677) (22 April 2018)  ... that Polish Jewish communist activist Eliezer Gruenbaum wrote a memoir about his experiences as a kapo in the Auschwitz concentration camp?
 * 678) (24 April 2018)  ... that the 2015 Ukrainian decommunization laws mandate removing communist-era monuments, and renaming places named after communist themes?
 * 679) (12 May 2018) ... that Spring is Coming coming was the first South Korean musical performance in the North in over a decade, and was attended by North Korean leader Kim Jong Un?
 * 680) (27 June 2018)  ... that in his 2002 book Secret City: The Hidden Jews of Warsaw 1940–1945, Gunnar S. Paulsson estimated that nearly a tenth of Warsaw's population were helping Jews during the Holocaust?
 * 681) (17 July 2018) ... that the 1944 Report to the Secretary on the Acquiescence of This Government in the Murder of the Jews accused US State Department officials of willfully obstructing attempts to rescue Holocaust refugees?
 * 682) (4 August 2018) ... that Maria and Bogdan Kalinowski were recognized as the most avid filmgoers in Poland, having seen more than 13,000 movies together?
 * 683) (1 September 2018) ... that Wieluń, Poland, became the first city to sustain major damage and casualties from German bombing in World War II?
 * 684) (7 September 2018) ... that the surrender of the Polish garrison at the Battle of Westerplatte on 7 September 1939 ended what has been described as the opening battle of World War II?
 * 685) (13 September 2018) ... that the Hanbo scandal, one of South Korea's largest corruption cases, involved presidential aides, a former minister, and top banking executives?
 * 686) (4 October 2018) ... that the Furgate scandal in the late 1990s, described as one of the largest in South Korea, involved influence peddling through the giving of luxury items?
 * 687) (31 October 2018) ... that The Hexer, the first attempt to portray The Witcher universe in film, was "crushed by the reviewers and laughed out by fans", and has since been described as "the film we all want to forget"?
 * 688) (21 November 2018) ... that before becoming a Yad Vashem historian, Shmuel Krakowski worked for Polish communist intelligence and security organizations?
 * 689) (26 November 2018)  ... that the concept of an ethnographic group is more commonly found in Soviet and post-Soviet, rather than Western, scholarly works?
 * 690) (10 December 2018) ... that Chinese film director Lü Ban was banned from film-making for life for his satirical comedies, the last of which, also banned, discussed the topic of film censorship?
 * 691) 2 hook placeholder
 * 692) (13 January 2019) ... that the Swiss-German spy Carmen Mory, later a Nazi concentration camp kapo, was described as a "third-rate Mata Hari"?
 * 693) (10 February 2019) ... that the 1954 social psychology book The Nature of Prejudice is considered a classic that defined the field of intergroup relations?
 * 694) (27 February 2019) ... that the 1945 Bierut Decree nationalized all land in the Polish capital of Warsaw after the city's destruction by the Nazis?
 * 695) (12 March 2019) ... that the Eiss Archive is composed of materials that document the rescue of Jews threatened by the Holocaust through the efforts of Polish diplomats?
 * 696) (19 March 2019) ... that the reversal of post-World War II nationalization in Poland resulted in considerable amounts of chaos and fraud?
 * 697) (31 March 2019) ... that in 1905, three days of violence in Warsaw were possibly sparked by a Bund activist trying to save his sister from sexual slavery?
 * 698) (10 April 2019)  ... that Alfons Zgrzebniok commanded the first two of the three Silesian Uprisings?
 * 699) (11 April 2019) ... that journalist Roman Sushchenko was named by the European Parliament as one of 30 Ukrainian citizens illegally detained or imprisoned in Russia?
 * 700) (22 April 2019) ... that the 1996 video game Polanie is considered a cult classic in Poland?
 * 701) (29 April 2019)) ... that a book-length interview with Stanisław Lem was subject to cuts due to censorship in Communist Poland?
 * 702) (3 May 2019) ... that Polish nun and supercentenarian Maria Roszak was named a Righteous Among the Nations for helping shelter Jewish refugees during the Holocaust?
 * 703) (4 May 2019) ... that the Mongol invasion was likely the most devastating event for 13th-century Lithuania?
 * 704) (8 May 2019)  ... that the mecha dieselpunk art of Polish painter Jakub Różalski has inspired a board game, a video game, a short film, and a book anthology?
 * 705) (25 May 2019) ... that a classic example of moral progress is the abolition of slavery?
 * 706) (10 June 2019) ... that the International Day Against DRM, organized by the Defective by Design initiative, has been observed since 2006?
 * 707) (12 June 2019) ... that the fictional character Jakub Wędrowycz—an exorcist, drunkard, moonshine producer, and poacher—is one of the icons of Polish pop culture?
 * 708) (14 June 2019,) ... that the book The Expanding Circle bridged sociobiology and ethics, discussing how humans have used reason to expand their moral considerations from family and tribe to the entire of society?
 * 709) (25 July 2019) ... that Samuel Adalberg, pioneer of Polish paremiology, committed suicide upon learning of the Germans' plans to construct the Warsaw Ghetto?
 * 710) (3 August 2019) ... that the Chief Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation investigates both Nazi crimes and communist crimes?
 * 711) (11 August 2019)  ... that Karski's reports were the first comprehensive documents on the Holocaust in Poland to reach the government-in-exile?
 * 712) (15 August 2019)  ... that Polish colonel Andrzej Marecki was one of the victims of the controversial 1943 Gibraltar B-24 crash?
 * 713) (21 August 2019) ... that Polish philosopher and World War II resistance member Jan Gralewski likely died in the controversial 1943 Gibraltar B-24 crash?
 * 714) (3 September 2019) ... that in some Polish homes, an image of a Jew holding a coin hangs to the left of the doorway, and is customarily turned upside down on the Sabbath so that good fortune may fall upon the household?
 * 715) (8 September 2019) ... that the prisoners of war massacre in Ciepielów is the most infamous instance of the war crimes of the Wehrmacht committed during the invasion of Poland?
 * 716) (20 September 2019) ... that Polish resistance member Alicja Iwańska became an academic and compared political, religious, and racial persecution in Europe to U.S. segregation restrictions?
 * 717) (28 September 2019) ... that in the Zambrów massacre, during the September 1939 invasion of Poland, German Wehrmacht soldiers murdered more than 200 Polish prisoners of war?
 * 718) (2 October 2019) ... that drunk driving is among the most common alcohol-related crimes in the United States?
 * 719) (23 October 2019) ... that Józefa Joteyko believed that wages should be based upon scientific research and the amount of effort required to do a job, rather than arbitrary factors like gender?
 * 720) (28 October 2019)  ... that Turkish correspondent Pelin Ünker' is the only journalist in the world sentenced for writing about the Paradise Papers investigation?
 * 721) (1 November 2019) ... that Swedish sociologist Ulf Himmelstrand has been called the "father of sociology in Nigeria"?
 * 722) (18 November 2019)  ... that Japanese fighter ace Naoshi Kanno, credited with 25 confirmed kills, appears in the anime Drifters?
 * 723) (26 November 2019) ... that Reuben Hill is considered the "founding father" of the sociology of the family discipline?
 * 724) (30 November 2019) ... that following the defense of Katowice on 4 September 1939, dozens of defenders, including a number of Polish Boy and Girl Scouts, were summarily executed?
 * 725) 2 hook placeholder
 * 726) (3 December 2019) ... that the Polish–Bohemian War of 990 resulted in Poland taking control of Silesia?
 * 727) (5 December 2019) ... that the otherwise inconclusive Polish–Bohemian War of 1345–1348 cemented Bohemian control of Silesia?
 * 728) (11 December 2019) ... that A Stanislaw Lem Reader showcases the work of one of the most widely read science fiction writers, including interviews on the relation of literature to philosophy and science?
 * 729) (28 December 2019) ... that the Enlightenment concept of doux commerce suggests that commerce civilizes people and can even eliminate violence?
 * 730) (29 December 2019) ... that Michler's Palace, a townhouse destroyed in the Warsaw Uprising, is remembered for a wartime song named after it?
 * 731) (29 December 2019)  ... that Polish courtier and writer Krzysztof Warszewicki was a respected orator who spoke at the funerals of Catherine, queen consort of Poland, and Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor?
 * 732) (30 December 2019) ... that medical scholar Ronald Grossarth-Maticek directed a long-term study involving 30,000 people from 18,000 households, spanning more than 20 years?
 * 733) (1 January 2020) ... that The J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia was published before the copy-editing process was completed?
 * 734) (15 January 2020) ... that the Polish publishing house WSiP had a monopoly on textbook publishing from the 1950s to 1989?
 * 735) (31 January 2020) ... that the song Toss a Coin to Your Witcher from the Netflix television show The Witcher became a viral hit within days of the series' release?
 * 736) (2 February 2020) ... that the mobile game Bleach: Brave Souls features story arcs from the manga Bleach that did not appear in its anime adaptation, including the unaired final arc?
 * 737) (25 March 2020) ... that Cecylia and Maciej Brogowski, a Polish Catholic couple, were posthumously recognised as Righteous Among the Nations for having sheltered a Jewish girl during the Holocaust?
 * 738) (28 April 2020) ... that photographs of the Holocaust, including many taken by German photographers, have been used as evidence during trials of Nazi war crimes?
 * 739) (29 April 2020)  ... that the pasquinade, a form of satire usually in verse or prose, is named after Pasquino, a Hellenistic statue in Rome on which anonymous postings were made?
 * 740) (13 May 2020)  ... that Good Faith Collaboration has been described as a pioneering ethnographic study of the culture of Wikipedia?
 * 741) (17 May 2020) ... that the book The Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles Under German Occupation, 1939–1944 resulted in a series of reviews and letters that were described as "particularly vicious"?
 * 742) (26 May 2020) ... that readings of The Crime and the Silence, a book about the Jedwabne massacre, have been picketed by the book's opponents?
 * 743) (5 June 2020) ... that the veterinarian Janina Oyrzanowska-Poplewska, whose work led to the creation of the first Polish canine distemper vaccine, has been honored as a Righteous Among the Nations?
 * 744) (13 June 2020) ... that a proposed Jewish unit in the Polish Armed Forces in the Soviet Union was described as a "moral victory" for Nazism?
 * 745) (17 June 2020) ... that the drama The Undivine Comedy has been recognized as one of the most significant works of literature of the Polish Romantic period?
 * 746) (3 July 2020) ... that the book The Polish Underground and the Jews, 1939–1945 has been praised for bridging widely different views of the Polish resistance found in Jewish and Polish historiographies?
 * 747) (7 July 2020) ... that railway sabotage during World War II was one of the most common forms of resistance against German occupation?
 * 748) (10 July 2020) ... that during World War II, Polish-Jewish economist Ludwik Maurycy Landau conducted undercover research into the economic conditions in occupied Poland?
 * 749) (11 July 2020) ... that The Generation: The Rise and Fall of the Jewish Communists of Poland discusses the minority of Polish Jews who became communists and were later "demonized" as part of the Żydokomuna canard?
 * 750) (14 July 2020) ... that a report by Chinese journalist Chen Jieren on university students turning to prostitution to pay for their tuition fees sparked a major debate about prostitution in China?
 * 751) (16 July 2020) ... that to bypass censorship in Poland, some authors turned to self-censorship, Aesopian language, and the Polish underground press?
 * 752) (28 July 2020) ... that the 1990 Message from Turnberry issued by NATO has been called the "first official recognition of the end of the Cold War"?
 * 753) (30 July 2020) ... that the 1994 video game Kajko i Kokosz, the first based on [[Kajko and Kokosz|the Polish comic book series of the same name, was not playtested, and the initial release had to be recalled and replaced?
 * 754) (31 July 2020) ... that Irena Sawicka, a Polish archeologist, educator and communist activist, helped Jews during the Holocaust and perished in the Warsaw Uprising?
 * 755) (4 August 2020)  ... that Polish boxer Tadeusz Pietrzykowski is best known for his string of victories in Nazi concentration camps?
 * 756) (13 August 2020) ... that the video game Iron Harvest, set in a 1920+ alternate universe inspired by the Polish–Soviet War, has a dieselpunk and mecha theme?
 * 757) (24 August 2020)  ... that the Żegota Monument in Warsaw was unveiled by Władysław Bartoszewski, the last surviving member of Żegota, an organization dedicated to rescuing Jews during the Holocaust?
 * 758) (26 August 2020) ... that Stanisław Kot, Polish historian known for his study of the Reformation in Poland, also served as a minister of the Polish government-in-exile during WWII?
 * 759) (31 August 2020) ... that Kurier Litewski was the first periodical newspaper of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and retained the Lithuanian state name until 1840, despite the final partition of the Commonwealth in 1795?
 * 760) (2 September 2020) ... that during World War II, the Polish-Jewish charity CENTOS cared for orphans in the Nazi ghettos in occupied Poland?
 * 761) (4 September 2020) ... that by the time it closed this year, KissAnime was described as the world's most popular illegal anime streaming site?
 * 762) (6 September 2020) ... that the 1998 books Jews and the American Slave Trade and Jews, Slaves and the Slave Trade rebut the earlier work The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews, calling it a "handbook of hate" and "nine parts fable"?
 * 763) 2 hook placeholder
 * 764) (15 September 2020)  ... that Polish children's author Maria Kownacka wrote for an underground children's magazine during the Warsaw Uprising?
 * 765) (20 September 2020) ... that the 1997 Polish box-office-hit comedy Szczęśliwego Nowego Jorku criticizes Polish and American myths such as the American Dream?
 * 766) (24 September 2020) ... that Zofia Poznańska, cipher clerk to the Red Orchestra espionage group, was captured in Belgium by the Abwehr in 1941 and hanged herself in prison in 1942?
 * 767) (4 November 2020) ... that four justices dissented in the verdict of the European Court of Human Rights case concerning the Katyn massacre, calling it a denial of justice and a failure of conscience?
 * 768) (10 November 2020) ... that works of fiction can describe both the near and far future?
 * 769) 2 hook placeholder
 * 770) (15 November 2020) ... that the early French science-fiction novel Memoirs of the Year 2500 was one of the most popular titles of the 18th century, despite being banned by the Holy See and the Inquisition?
 * 771) (11 December 2020)  ... that Condescending Wonka is one of the most popular internet memes?
 * 772) (15 January 2021) ... that The Gospel of Afranius, a 1995 Russian novel and polemic challenging an American evangelical apologist text, has not yet been translated to English?
 * 773) (3 February 2021) ... that Gore Vidal's novel Live from Golgotha has been called a "masterpiece of blasphemous vulgarity"?
 * 774) (18 February 2021) ... that the Ćmielów Porcelain Works are Poland's oldest porcelain works, and Europe's largest thin-walled-china works?
 * 775) (7 March 2021)  ... that the 1959 short story Now: Zero, while sharing some concepts with the popular 2003 manga Death Note, has been described as one of J. G. Ballard's weakest works?
 * 776) (10 March 2021) ... that Arthur C. Clarke's short story Time's Arrow from 1950 predicted that paleontologists may learn about dinosaurs by analyzing their footprints before the method was implemented in real science?
 * 777) (10 March 2021) ... that the board game Glory to Rome, despite being well-received, led to its publisher's bankruptcy in the mid-2010s and has been out of print since?
 * 778) (18 March 2021)  ... that the publication of A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien in 2014 by Wiley-Blackwell has been described as proof that Tolkien had finally attained acceptance by the literary establishment?
 * 779) (18 April 2021) ... that the Shinan shipwreck, the first major discovery of Korean maritime archaeology, has been described as possibly "the richest ancient shipwreck yet discovered"?
 * 780) (30 April 2021) ... that the 1975 book Fighting Auschwitz: The Resistance Movement in the Concentration Camp was the first work to discuss in detail the story of the resistance's founder, Witold Pilecki?
 * 781) (3 May 2021) ... that a report by Witold Pilecki, a Polish resistance fighter who infiltrated Auschwitz, was translated into English in 2012 as The Auschwitz Volunteer: Beyond Bravery?
 * 782) (5 May 2021) ... that eight-year-old Róża Maria Goździewska was "the youngest child nurse" in the Warsaw Uprising?
 * 783) (24 May 2021) ... that bishop Adam Naruszewicz was a prominent writer of the Polish Enlightenment, and one of the first modern historians of Poland?
 * 784) (31 May 2021) ... that some Polish military cooperatives, formed to provide supplies to service personnel at low prices, issued their own coins?
 * 785) (7 June 2021) ... that the proverb "speech is silver, silence is golden" has been attributed to "wise men of old", and traced to Arabic texts more than a millennium old?
 * 786) (28 June 2021) ... that the largest dictionary of the Polish language is 50 volumes long?
 * 787) (7 July 2021) ... that neither holochess (dejarik) nor sabacc, two games invented for the Star Wars films, have a definitive ruleset despite several real-world licensed releases?
 * 788) 2 hook placeholder
 * 789) (21 July 2021) ... that during the 1940  Bloody Wednesday of Olkusz, all the male inhabitants of the occupied Polish town, Jews and non-Jews alike, were subjected to hours of abuse by German soldiers?
 * 790) (10 August 2021) ... that The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy contains an idiosyncratic selection of topics, from "Aliens in Space" to "Rats and Mice"?
 * 791) (14 August 2021) ... that the vandalism and eventual removal of the statue of Ivan Konev in Prague has negatively impacted recent Czech Republic–Russia relations?
 * 792) (15 August 2021) ... that Zygmunt Krasiński, one of Poland's Three Bards, published most of his works anonymously and was known as the Anonymous Poet of Poland?
 * 793) (16 August 2021) ... that the 2015 video game Worlds of Magic, intended as a spiritual successor to the classic game Master of Magic, failed to impress most reviewers?
 * 794) (19 August 2021) ... that although its publisher Dark Horse Comics is American, a significant proportion of artists involved with the comic book series The Witcher have been Polish?
 * 795) (26 August 2021) ... that the death of Uyghur writer Nurmuhemmet Tohti has been linked to mistreatment in the Xinjiang internment camps, a claim China denies?
 * 796) (31 August 2021) ... that the vast majority of fiction, including science fiction, takes place on Earth?
 * 797) (2 September 2021)  ... that DOMELRE was the first domestic electrical refrigerator in America?
 * 798) (22 September 2021) ... that there are tens of thousands of Polish proverbs, the oldest known of which dates to the year 1407?
 * 799) (24 September 2021) ... that rockets are one of the classic methods of space travel in science fiction?
 * 800) (26 September 2021) ... that Poles who fought in the Russian Partition during the January Uprising were detained as political prisoners in Magdeburg and Graudenz, Prussia, even though the uprising never crossed the border?
 * 801) (27 September 2021) ... that while The Gods from Outer Space, based on Erich von Däniken's theories about the ancient astronauts, has eight volumes, only four were published in English?
 * 802) (30 September 2021) ... that criticism of armchair theorizing in anthropology has resulted in scholars "coming down off the verandah"?
 * 803) (11 October 2021) ... that academese has been criticized for being unnecessarily complex and in extreme cases, purposefully discriminating and obfuscating?
 * 804) (30 October 2021) ... that Kaczyzm is a pejorative term describing the political ideology of Polish politicians Lech and Jarosław Kaczyński and their Law and Justice party?
 * 805) (7 November 2021)  ... that while the Empire of Japan did not actively participate in the Holocaust, they were found to have committed holocausts of their own?
 * 806) (30 November 2021) ... that the Franco-Belgian comic book Hans had its title changed in Poland due to lingering ill-feeling toward Germany?
 * 807) (30 December 2021)  ... that Chninkel, a Franco-Belgian comic mixing Tolkien-like fantasy with Biblical themes, has been translated into several languages?
 * 808) (30 January 2022) ... that Historia narodu polskiego, the first modern history of Poland, was never finished but was highly influential on emerging Polish historiography?
 * 809) (1 March 2022) ... that the concept of hyperspace, primarily known through its use in science fiction, originated from and is still occasionally used in scholarly works?
 * 810) (8 May 2022)  ... that Ukrainian science fiction and fantasy is written both in Ukrainian and Russian?
 * 811) (17 May 2022) ... that Easter in Poland was considered to be an important patriotic holiday during the country's period of Partitions?
 * 812) (9 July 2022) ... that Alfons Koziełł-Poklewski, dubbed the "vodka king of Siberia", was actually Polish?
 * 813) (13 July 2022)  ... that the first time The Witcher universe was portrayed outside the novels was in the 1993–1995 Polish comic book series of the same name?
 * 814) (14 July 2022) ... that The Lord of the Ice Garden, a Polish novel series mixing elements of fantasy and science fiction, has been compared to The Witcher?
 * 815) (19 August 2022) ... that the main activity of the short-lived parliament of Central Lithuania of 1922 was to request annexation by Poland?
 * 816) (28 August 2022) ... that as the reality of Venus's harsh surface conditions became known from the mid-20th century, the early tropes of adventures in Venusian tropics gave way to more realistic stories?
 * 817) (7 September 2022) ... that the Polish science fiction novel Extensa marked the growing recognition of its writer, Jacek Dukaj, in Poland?
 * 818) (6 October 2022) ... that independent media and scholars estimate that thousands might have perished in the Yarkand Massacre in 2014?
 * 819) (16 October 2022) ... that the 1944 Story of a Secret State was one of the first book accounts of the German occupation of Poland, including the Holocaust in Poland?'
 * 820) (21 October 2022) ... that the best novel of American science fiction author Garrett Smith did not appear as a stand-alone book until over 60 years after his death?
 * 821) (13 January 2023) ... that the Detached Unit of the Polish Army is often described as the first Allied partisan unit of World War II?
 * 822) (22 January 2023) ... that in Freedom & Civilization, an anthropological analysis of the concept of freedom, Bronisław Malinowski argues for the creation of a world government?
 * 823) (2 February 2023) ... that members of Lego fandom not only design their own sets but also engage in cosplay?
 * 824) (11 February 2023) ... that Lewis Fry Richardson's Statistics of Deadly Quarrels suggested that the establishment of a world government might end wars?
 * 825) (13 March 2023) ... that the discovery of anthropologist Bronisław Malinowski's diary after his death sparked what was called "a moral crisis of the discipline"?
 * 826) (21 March 2023)  ... that Nobel laureate Czesław Miłosz described the 16th-century play The Dismissal of the Greek Envoys by Jan Kochanowski as the finest specimen of Polish humanist drama?
 * 827) (30 March 2023) ... that Jan Kochanowski's Fraszki is a 16th-century collection of almost 300 poems, ranging from anecdotes and epitaphs to obscenities and erotica?

See also: articles I have nominated for front page exposure