User:Poddubnyi88/Nekhaivka (Korop's district) (1)

Nekhaivka (Ukrainian: Неха́ївка) &#x69;&#x73;&#x20;&#x61;&#x20;&#x76;&#x69;&#x6C;&#x6C;&#x61;&#x67;&#x65;&#x20;&#x69;&#x6E;&#x20;&#x55;&#x6B;&#x72;&#x61;&#x69;&#x6E;&#x65;, in the Korop's district of the Chernihiv region. The population is 1618 people. The local self-government department is the Nekhaivka's village council.

Geographical location
The village of Nekhaivka is located in the southwestern part of the Korop's district. The village lies 14 km from the district center, and 150 km from the regional center - the town of Chernihiv. Nekhaivka borders the villages of Rozhdestvenske (until 2016 Zhovtneve), Rizhky, Sokhachi, Rybotyn, Shabalyniv. Our Nekhaivka lies at the mouth of the Desna and Sejm rivers.

The territory of the village is located within the Dnieper Lowland in the zone of mixed forests, in the Chernihiv Polissya. Soil and climatic conditions are favorable for the development of agriculture, the construction of transport communications. The village is located within the Voronezh crystalline massif, where the crystalline foundation lies at a depth of 300 meters or more. The geological structure is the result of a long history of crustal development. In Archean and Proterozoic, geosyncline regime with active horticulture, earthquakes and metamorphism of rocks dominated this place. On the border of Cambrian and Ordovician there was a general uplift of the territory, which was replaced by descent and offensive sea. In Devon, modern territory was the seabed. It was the accumulation of carbonate - clayey rocks. In subsequent periods, our area, like all of Chernihiv region, has risen repeatedly, then dropped. In the Paleocene, the territory of the village and outskirts was the bottom of the Sumy Sea, and at the end of the Oligocene the sea completely leaves our territory. 200 thousand years ago our territory was covered with ice during the Dnipro glaciation.

The relief of the area is closely linked with the tectonic structures. The surface of our region is a lowland, flat, sometimes wavy. Fuel - energy resources are represented by peat. In the depths of the village and suburbs, found natural building materials, which are sand and clay.

Nekhaivka is located in the northern temperate zone of the thermal zone. The total solar radiation for the year is 95-97 kcal/m. The formation of the climate is influenced by the nature of the underlying surface. Forests slow down the movement of air in the lower layers of the atmosphere. The average climatic temperature is + 6 ... + 7 ° С. During the year there is a rainfall of 500-600 mm. According to the climatic conditions, our territory belongs to a moderate, well-moistened climatic zone, which is favorable for forestry, growing potatoes, flax flax, winter rye, fruits, forage crops.

From the natural reservoirs in the village there are lakes, which are divided into two types of origin: glacial and flood plain. To lakes with a glacial type include Losove, Diogtiarena, Nabozhne, Mazkove, and Berizniak. They are all shallow with a sandy or muddy bottom. Plavy, Nakot, Krupka and Ilyicha are flood plains. The hydrological regime of floodplain lakes is similar to that of the Desna. They have numerous sources. The lakes are largely overgrown, with rich fish stocks.

Due to the geological structure, climatic conditions and significant forest cover of our area, the area of the outskirts of the village is marked by marshland. Some of the swamps are peat. The Husnova lake, hidden in the pine forest, is a favorite vacation spot for the villagers. In the second half of the 80-years, work was done on clearing the bottom and streamlining the shores. Now this place is a recreational area.

The territory of the village is characterized by the presence of powerful aquifers that are confined to the Cenozoic deposits. Groundwater of anthropogenic deposits is used for the construction of wells, most recently tubular ones.

Among the soils found on the territory of the village and its environs are clear - gray and gray forest, dark gray puddled soils, mainly in the forest species, is the inclusion of puddled humus.

The territory of the village is located in the East-European broad-leaf forest botanical province. The southern outskirts of the village is pine forest - pinery with the some of birch, maple and oak. The south-western outskirts are oak, aspen, linden trees. In the undergrowth is dominated by the hazel and buck thorn. To the south-east of the village was the tract "Obijma". Here there are oak, aspen, maple, ash, birch, alder and fir.

Much of the area surrounding the village is occupied by bows. For vegetation of modern lands there is a predominance of sedge and cereals. They create a green background, complemented by a variety of meadow flowers. There are rare and very rare plants.

Our area is a generous storehouse of medicinal plants that grow in forests, on meadows and marshes. The forests are rich in mushrooms.

The animal world is distinguished by diversity. There are foxes, gray hare, there are always wolves, capreolus, wild pigs.

Village name and historical data about it
Written historical sources regarding the origin of the village name were not found. However, there is an oral translation of the origin of the name of the village of Nekhaivka. It comes from the name of the leader of the Cossack detachment of Ataman Nekhaik, who once settled with his friends in our picturesque area. His fate is unknown. The first settlers of Nekhaivka were Cossacks, but then most of them were enslaved.

According to written sources about our village there is such information. According to the description of 1654 in the village there were 22 Cossack yards. Nizhyn Colonel Matvij Gvyntivka (he was a colonel from 1663 to 1667 under hetman Bryukhovetsky) "was awarded to the nobility in Moscow, and he was given a village of Nekhaivka". (From Lazarevsky's book "Description of the Old Russia" volume 2, Kiev. Printing by K. N. Milevsky, 1893, p. 8). In this book, pages 307-308 contain the following information about Nekhaivka: «Село Нехаевка по описи 1654 года показана деревней с 22 - мя казацкими дворами. По отсутствию воды, так не может быть, что она представляет собою и выселок из какого - нибудь соседнего городка, например Рождественского. Несмотря на то, что по описи 1654 г. здесь показаны одни казаки, в Нехаевке скоро явились и крестьяне так, как местные старожилы при генеральном следствии показали, что уже и до Самойловича Нехаевкой владели Нежинские полковники. Самойловичем она отдана была сначала генеральному судье Савве Прокоповичу, а затем - Илье Новицкому и Скоропадским - Гавриилу Милорадовичу. Последнему Нехаевка была отдана в 1715 году и в том же году нехаевцы подали гетьману длинный перечень тех насилий, которых новый державца не замедлил проявить.

Характер насилий Милорадовича виден из следующих случаев: Нестора Доценка, казака, Милорадович тирански истязал за то, что тот еще прежде «державы» Милорадовича купил ниву у нехаевского крестьянина, отняв ниву у Доценка, Милорадович не только денег ему не возвратил, но еще сковал с тем мужиком за ноги и держал так неделю, пока Доценко не откупился, дав талер. У крестьянина Хвеська Манджоса отнял лес, стоивший 100 золотих, а пока не отнял, хотел Хвеська повесить, но только железом сковал и тот не смогши носить на себе железа должен был лес Милорадовичу уступить, а сам ушел в другое село. Много бед пришлось терпеть нехаевцам от Милорадовича, который на их жалобыне обращал никакого внимання... ».

In 1654-1782 years Nekhaivka was part of Novomlynka hundred Nizhyn regiment. At the beginning of the 18th century, there were 117 households in the village, in the middle of the 19th century (in 1866) - 370 households, a distillery, the Intercession Church (1860, destroyed in the 1930s). In 1897 - 403 yards, 2254 inhabitants, local primary school. In the XIX century, separate villagers were evicted from the village and formed three farms: Lebedin, Galichivka and Noritsa. At the beginning of the XX century, the land in the village was up to 6,000 acres, half of which belonged to the local landowners. The landlord Kurilenko had up to 1000 acres (he was a zemstvo chief), Dulitsky had 800 acres, and five other landed estates - 200-300 acres of land. Dulitsky also had distillery and starch factories, a steam mill, an oilseed. Landlords Serbin, Rachinsky, Titovich, Kolenko, Galich had several hundred acres. The peasants - the serfs until the reform of 1861 served the corpses and paid the rents of food and money. After the abolition of serfdom peasants paid redemption payments for land and for the liberation from serfdom.

Most peasants had from 1 to 3 acres of land. Many of them leased land to landlords under bondage conditions, worked in landlords' savings for 12-14 hours a day, for which they received 7-8 rubles a month. Worked also children from 10-12 years old. Part of the peasants worked at the distillery and starch factory Dulitsky. The working day lasted from sunrise to the west. The fee was 7-8 rubles a month.

In the summer of 1905, riots broke out in the village. The peasants did not go to work and began to demand wage increases. The landlord Dulitsky will turn to the neighboring village of Rozhdestvensky to hire workers. But Nekhaivka's people did not allow entrance people from other villages, putting pickets on the roads. Then Dulytskyi called from Sosnytsia a police department with whom the peasants also resisted. After that a Cossack detachment was sent to the village, which brutally dealt with the peasants. The Cossacks traveled in the village, beat people with whips, forced to get to work. The harlots were arrested and sent to Sosnitsky prison. But the peasants began to work only when they were raised salaries.

After the revolution, the landlords left the village, and their peasants seized their property and land. The Soviet authorities installed the Bolsheviks in the village in December 1917. The first head of the Revolutionary Committee was Bolshevik Vasily G. Fedorchenko, who before the revolution worked as a mason. Returned to the village by a communist. He took an active part in the establishment of the Soviet power in the village. He was killed at the end of 1918.

In 1918-1919, power in the village belonged to the Hetmanate and the Directorate of the UPR, and in the autumn of 1919 the Denikinites entered the settlement. In November 1919, the Red Army forces denounced and finally imposed a regime of communist terror.

With the onset of Stalin's collectivization, in February 1931, a first COSP was created, which included 12 poverty-stricken families who united their land plots. The initiators of the COS were Gorodys'kyi Mykola Grygorovych and Bilenko Mikhail Demidovich. In 1932, the CSC became the "Way of Victory" collective farm. The chairman of the collective farm was Milko Nikita Pylypovych. The collective farm included 75 peasant households.

At the same time, in 1931, a second collective farm named after Shevchenko was formed, which included 70 households. Kososnenko Panas Petrovich was the chairman of the collective farm. In 1932, 45 peasant households organized the third collective farm "The First May". In the same year, the collective farm "The Way of Socialism", which numbered 20 peasant households, was established on the Lebedin farm. His first head was Shein Alexander Nestorovich, as well as in the farm of Halychyivka - the collective farm "Progress", which united 20 farms. It was united in 1934 with the collective "Way of Victory". KhTur Noritsa created a collective farm called KhTZ, which included 15 peasant farms. In 1935 he joined the collective farm named after Shevchenko.

People who refused to enter the collective farms declared "kulak" and "podkurkulnik". They were evicted from homes, took away property. People were forced to leave their homes, they built dugouts in the woods, and lived whole families there. They hired to work for people to feed themselves, but in the end they were forced to join the collective farms.

Communist terror with hunger
In 1932, the communists controlled everything edible in the countryside. This enabled the transition to systematic terror with hunger, which affected most of the village population. In 1935 the village was entrusted with enthusiasm for collectivization. There were four collective farms: "May 1", "The Way to Socialism", Kolkhoz named after Molotov, collective farm named after Shevchenko.

Subbotniks began to work in the village, people worked on the restoration of a starch factory, they repaired a school, a hospital. Open: an eight-year school, a village club, a hospital, a veterinary hospital, a post office. Every week the film shows with the outreach of communist life.

Links

 * Weather in the village of Nekhaivka