User:Pola sumanth/sandbox

History
Twenty first century is an era of digital revolution.A revolution which introduced human society with advancement in technologies.In a Home Automation System, several home appliances are connected to each other in an existing or dedicated network and can be controlled, monitored and automated through a central application.The Wireless Sensor Networks deployed in Home Automation System are vulnerable to various Routing attacks, and Wormhole attack, communication technologies like ZigBee and 802.15.4 used in Home Automation are vulnerable to Replay Attacks.

Applications and Technology
The development and innovations in wireless technologies has certainly brought reduction in cost of Wireless Systems.The wireless technologies have evolved and its progress can be observed in latest technologies being not only cost-effective but also reliable and power efﬁcient.These technologies can be deployed in a traditional home environment and the regular home appliances can be digitized after which they can be controlled and monitored effectively using the Smart Home concept. We can use voice recognition to control smart home appliances. voice recognition is a more personalized form of control, since it can be adapted and customized to a particular speaker’s voice.

Different kinds of technologies in home automation.

Z-Wave

Z-Wave is the most widely used technology in home automation systems, and by far the most widely accepted technology.It offers good network reliability and stability.The best feature of Z-Wave devices is their cross compatibility among different branded systems.Each ZWave device has a unique network ID and each network has a unique identification thus making the system secure. Z-Wave is a mesh protocol, and thus the devices can talk to one another.Z-Wave operating frequency varies with the region; the frequency is 908.42 MHz in the US and 868.42 MHz in Europe. Also, the signal range offered by Z-Wave is high, in the range of 30 meters, and it is possible to extend the range of devices by using them as repeaters. As the signal passes from one device to another, it gains a range of another 30 meters. This process is called hopping, and it can be done to extend the signal using a maximum of 4 devices.

Zigbee

ZigBee is an IEEE 802.15 standard used in home automation technology and very closely resembles Bluetooth and Wi-Fi standards.Zigbee devices are attractive largely because of its low power consumption and open specifications which makes the devices ideal for battery operated uses.Zigbee, like Z-Wave is a mesh protocol, where devices can talk to one another, and can act as repeaters.Even though with so many advantages, the technology has not gained a large market share, mainly because of the incompatibility of devices among many different vendors.

X10

X10 is one of the oldest available home automation standards. The technology is still in the market despite tough competition from newer standards. There are reportedly 10 million X10 devices in US alone.An advantage of X10 is that it can use either wired power line or wireless radio communication methods. However, the transmission of messages occur one command at a time. This is one of the biggest disadvantages of X10 because multiple, concurrent X10 signals may lead to decoding issues resulting lost commands. INSTEON INSTEON is designed to integrate power line system with wireless system, and was developed to replace the X10 standard. It is designed such that it enables devices, whether sensors or switches to be used together using power line and/or radio frequency. Other than X10, this is the only technology that communicates via both wireless and powerline technologies.Another advantage of INSTEON is its partial compatibility with X10 devices. INSTEON and X10 commands are not similar, but the INSTEON driver chipset has the capability of responding to X10 messages and therefore can communicate with X10 devices. The transmission of data occurs at 1131.65 KHz for powerline devices and 904 MHz for wireless devices.

EnOcean

EnOcean is one of the newest technologies in home automation, mainly aimed at zero energy consumption through energy harvesting. The unique beneficial feature of EnOcean devices is their ability to work battery-less and still having the ability to communicate wirelessly. This is achieved by means of micro energy converters along with ultra-low power electronics.

Secure WiFi technology is used by server, and hardware interface module to communicate with each other. User may use the same technology to login to the server web based application. if server is connected to the internet, so remote users can access server web based application through the internet using compatible web browser.

Computer controlled devices continually monitor the operating condition of today’s electronic devices. With the help of sensors, vital information about a number of conditions can be sent to the controller to make minor adjustments far more quickly and accurately than any mechanical system. Physical factors such as temperature, pressure, speed and position are converted into either digital or analog electrical signals by sensors. These signals are converted into data that can be displayed by the user or used by a controller program to make informed decisions based on certain conditions.

A programming Computer or Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is an electronic device designed to be used in a home automation system to controls a system or groups of systems through analog/digital data input/output terminals. Control over the entire system is maintained by a series of inherent functions of timing, counting, data processing, comparing, sorting and transfer as well as arithmetic and logical operations. Some automation systems allow the user to program the system with the system's own user interface.

During the design process, home automation system must be effective, easy to apply and at an affordable price. PLC is considered as an alternative to such systems. PLC, security monitoring, energy consumption management and control of machines and automatic production lines that are included in almost every field of industry automation systems in particular, are commonly used. PLC is an electronic device designed to be used in the field of industry that controls a system or groups of systems through analog/digital data input/output terminals, providing general control by means of inherent functions of timing, counting, data processing, comparing, sorting, data transfer and arithmetic operations. At the same time use of PLC is very advantageous for several reasons such as being able to make changes on the software and for resuming the algorithm as the energy supplied back by saving data for a long time in the case of power failure.

The traditional teaching of engineering subjects, an appropriate combination of theory, exercises and laboratory experiments should be provided .In order to gain practical skills and experience, theoretical knowledge as well as intensive training in a laboratory must be given to electrical engineering students. Constructivist educators propose that processes such as knowledge or learning are initiated by the individual his or herself. Training materials are needed to be presented to student both in a convenient and attractive way.Many smart home systems developed for educational purposes are available in the literature. Here are some examples designed for educational purposes; set-design for smart home education, a smart home lab for students, a tool for facilitating the teaching of the smart home, a laboratory experiment for teaching automation inspired by the smart home, automatic small-scale house for teaching home automation, and remote control laboratory using a greenhouse scale model.

Hardware and software components of the realized smart home application are consisted of user, web, server, computer, PLC, operator panel and smart home components, and program and circuitry prepared for these components. For the control of intelligent home via the internet in real-time, a simple and convenient infrastructure is constructed based on the client/server architecture. This infrastructure is made up of client software, server software and database section. The client software is the web interface by which users can control the smart home system through the internet.

The main task of the client software running on the server is to manage lighting, ventilation and security units placed in the smart home system. The client software can perform the changes made on itself by DLL (Dynamic Link Library) is named DMT positioned essentially on Delta Modbus Library. It is possible to access inputs and outputs, registrars, auxiliary relays and memories of delta PLC through the methods reserved to user over DLL named DMT imported to client software. Users need a computer, tablet or mobile device with internet access in order to connect to the system. The control software is kept on the server by which all communications of the smart home system are provided. The server works in both directions. It records commands received from the smart home to the data base and sends recorded control commands from database to the smart home through PLC. The database comes into play in this part of the study. All adjustments and operations related to the smart home system are recorded in the database. Reports on the status of smart home are given depending on user request and the time. C# programming language has been used for the client and server software, while SQL server program has been used for the database. These three units interact constantly with each other although they are involved in different tasks and processes.

six types of home automation u can actually afford

smart outlets

smart lighting

smart sensors

smart gardners

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Home Control – this includes control of lighting, climate, window coverings, appliances, pools and spas, irrigation, and access.

• Entertainment Control – this includes home theater or multi -room audio systems.

• Energy Management Systems – this includes both the monitoring and management of energy systems such as HVAC

• Home Monitoring and Security: this includes both standalone systems that are monitored only by the home owner, as well as the traditional alarm monitoring companies

• Healthcare and Eldercare Monitoring – this is an early-stage market that is not yet widely deployed. We do expect large growth in this emerging market within the next 10 years.

A number of standards have been developed for interconnecting the home devices and apparatus in a network so as to make their management much easier and comfortable. Summarized from a following are the main networking technologies used for connecting devices in home environment: 1) Direct cable connection

2) Bluetooth Connection

3) Phone Line

4) Ethernet

5) Radio (Free) Network

6) AC Network

So we can connect the entire home devices by selecting any of the above mentioned network technologies. Apart from connecting devices, the second issue regarding the home automation is “how to make two devices communicate to each other”. There are following leading communication technologies in home environment:

1) UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) devices

2) X-10 based devices

3) Infrared devices

4) Bluetooth Devices

5) IP based devices