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Early Research
Michio Takaoka first mentioned resveratrol in an article in 1939, who isolated it from Veratrum album, variety grandiflorum, and later, in 1963, from the roots of Japanese knotweed.

In 1982, a study tested the oral administration of resveratrol and piceid on rats and found that it likely lowered lipid levels in their livers. Although there was no evidence that this would also benefit humans, this study coincided with an increased interest of the news media in resveratrol research.

In 1992, an additional study proved that different wines contained different levels of resveratrol depending on where the wine was produced. For example, there is significantly more resveratrol in New York Chardonnays than in California Chardonnays.

A year later in 1993, researchers simplified the resveratrol extraction process from wine. This facilitated efforts to uncover the factors that contribute to varying resveratrol levels among different wines. Development in extraction processes continued in 2000 when a simple method for extracting trans-resveratrol was developed by using solid-phase microextraction (SPME).

Cardiovascular Studies
A 2002 study substantiated the potential health benefits of resveratrol by showing that it increases cGMP in lamb heart, which demonstrates potential cardioprotective effects it has against vascular disorders like atherosclerosis, chronic hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. The study admitted that the currently identified molecular mechanisms remained too scarce to explain all of resveratrol's vascular effects, thus many conclusions remained more speculative than certain.

A 2018 systematic review of previous resveratrol studies demonstrated a small decrease (2 mmHg) in systolic blood pressure only from high daily dosage (more than 300 mg/day) and in the presence of diabetes.

Cancer Studies
In 2007, a study surfaced that suggested that supported the use of resveratrol in human cancer chemoprevention in combination with standard treatments. It claimed that the theory was a "new enlightenment" in the "French Paradox."

However, as of 2014, studies regarding resveratrol's effects on cancer in animals and humans are inconsistent, regardless of dosage.

Neurological Studies
A study in 2008 suggested that resveratrol and quercetin diminished apoptotic neuronal cell death and may be potent antiinflammatory compounds. The researchers noted the study because, if true, resveratrol could prove helpful as a preventative or treatment measure to diseases caused by neuroinflammation such as Parkinson's Disease.

One clinical trial of patients with Alzheimer's disease has shown daily gram doses of resveratrol to be well-tolerated. Other preliminary human studies indicated that short-term ingestion of resveratrol increased cerebral blood flow in normal subjects and in people with diabetes. Resveratrol is under study for its potential to limit secondary damage after ischemic stroke or acute brain trauma.

Dietary Supplements
In 2012, researchers tested the effects of resveratrol as a dietary supplement in humans and found negligible effects over the course of 5 days.