User:Prataydas0015/sandbox

CLIMATE CHANGE Climate is the soul of the Earth. The term climate refers to the

general weather conditions of a place over many years. Climate

change is the significant variation of average weather

conditions- (regarding conditions becoming warmer, drier or

wetter, precipitation and wind patterns) over several decades

or more. It is a long process that make some changes from the

natural weather through time. Climate change is the global

phenomenon of climate transformation caused by especially

human being or nature. As a result of unbalancing the weather

of Earth, the sustainability of the planet’s ecosystems is under

threat, as well as the future of humankind and the stability of

the global economy.

Which is responsible for making a lot of bad impacts on earth.

The climate started changing due to a long time ago, but this

topic first became news 30 years ago and We started noticing

its effect on lives. Remote meteorological stations, Earth-

orbiting satellites, ocean buoys are used to monitor present day

weather and climate. But it’s paleoclimatology data from

natural sources like ice cores, tree rings, corals, and ocean and

lake sediments that have enabled scientists to elaborate the

earth’s climatic records back millions of years. These records

provide a comprehensive look at the long-term changes in the

earth’s atmosphere, land surface, ocean and cryosphere(frozen

water systems) . Both natural and human can influence the earth’s climate system. When the earth’s atmosphere releases

energy, the planet cools. When energy from sun absorb by

earth or, when the atmospheric gases prevent the re-radiated

heat, spread all direction, the planet warms. About 90 percent

of this heat is then absorbed by the greenhouse gases and

radiated back toward the surface. So, we live in a greenhouse.

Some gases in the atmosphere work as resister to resist heat

from scaping. These enduring gases that remain semi-

permanently in the atmosphere. They do not respond physically

or chemically to changes in temperature are described as

“forcing” climate change. Gases such as Water vapor, Nitrous

Oxide, Carbon Dioxide, Methane.

Water vapor: The most abundant greenhouse gas, but

importantly, it acts as a result to the climate. Water vapor

increases as the Earth's atmosphere warms, but so does the

possibility of clouds and precipitation, making these some of

the most important feedback mechanisms to the greenhouse

effect.

Nitrous oxide: Nitrous oxide enhance the greenhouse effect

just as Carbon dioxide does by capturing reradiated infrared

radiation from the Earth's surface and subsequently warming

the troposphere (lower atmosphere). A powerful greenhouse

gas produced by soil cultivation practices, especially the use of

commercial and organic fertilizers, fossil fuel combustion, nitric

acid production, and biomass burning. The atmospheric nitrous

oxide concentration has been growing due to human activities.

About 6% (U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions 2016) Nitrous Oxide acts as greenhouse gas in the U.S.

Carbon dioxide: The carbon dioxide gas comes from fossil fuels-

coal, oil and natural gas and this fossil fuels runs the whole

world. Those fuels are used for everything from powering

vehicles and generating electricity to manufacturing industrial

chemicals. In 2016, CO2 accounted for 81 percent of the

greenhouse gases emitted in the United States. Other

chemicals are more effective at trapping heat in the

atmosphere. But CO2 is the most plentiful of the ones released

by human activities. It also sticks around longest. Trees are our

friend. So that, Some CO2 gets removed each year by plants as

they grow. However, much CO2 is released during colder

months, when plants aren’t growing. CO2 also can be pulled

from the air and into the ocean. Organisms in the sea can then

convert it into calcium carbonate. Eventually that chemical will

become an ingredient of limestone rock, where its carbon can

be stored for millennia. That rock-forming process is really

slow. Overall, CO2 can linger in the atmosphere for anywhere

from decades to thousands of years. Stephen Montzka is a

research chemist with NOAA in Boulder, Colo. He explains,

“even if we stopped emitting carbon dioxide today, we would

still see warming from that for a very long time.” The impact of

Carbon Dioxide is 81% (U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions 2016) in

the U.S.

Methane: This gas is the main component of natural gas. This

gas produced by natural and human activities. Though methane last less in atmosphere but much active greenhouse gas than

carbon dioxide. It creates by digestive process in domestic

animals, digestive process in termites, fossil fuels, melting

permafrost, burning biomass, anaerobic oxidation by microbes,

methanotrophs, methanogens in soil, transfer of CH4 in soil to

air by plants etc. It’s impact on climate is 10% (U.S. Greenhouse

Gas Emissions 2016) in the U.S.

CFC:There are fluorinated gases including CFC also acting as

greenhouse gas which are only 3% in the atmosphere. These

kinds of gases can remove when they got stuck into high layer

of the atmosphere. In this stage high-energy light break them

into apart. But this progress take decades, says Montzka.

Greenhouse gases are good but excessive are all time bad.

There are 2 main reasons for causing the climate change. One is

Natural reasons and another is Human reasons. Few natural

reasons like- solar radiation, volcanic eruption, orbital variation,

tactical plate movement are responsible for climate change.

Due to these activities, the geographical conditions of an area

become dangerous for life to survive. Also the result of the

activities raise the temperature of the earth to a great extent

causing an imbalance in nature. Through time, human is the

most responsible for causing the climate change faster. When

we talk about climate change, we are often talking about the

increase of temperatures linked to industrial activities and in

particular greenhouse effect. Therefore, we sometimes speak

of global warming, which is said to be “of anthropogenic

origin”. Ultimately, the causes of global warming (at least at its current rate) are not natural but driven by the human economy

and industries. Many scientists are studying this phenomenon

and trying to understand how activities of human societies are

responsible for this heating. These scientists are grouped

together in the IPCC (International Group of Experts on

Climate), and they regularly publish reports studying the

evolution of climate change. Nowadays humans are mostly

blameworthy for climate changes. Though trees reduce the

uses of much fossil fuel. But, without planting, human cutting

down the blessings blindly. On the other hand, people using

fossil fuel indiscriminately. So that, the natural greenhouse is

changing like scary dream. Over the last century the burning

fossil fuels like oil and coal has increased the concentration of

Carbon Dioxide. This happens because coal and oil combine

carbons with oxygen gases and produce Carbon Dioxide gas in

the air. On the other hand, people are clearing the agricultural

lands, building small to larger industry and other human

activities increased concentration of greenhouse gases. The

most developed countries like China, US, Russia, Germany and

so on and 3

rd world countries like Bangladesh, Pakistan,

Mongolia, Afghanistan, India, Indonesia, Bahrain including

these and over 98 3rd world countries are mostly responsible

for building greenhouse effects and global warming to climate

change. Though, there are many different ways to compare

national responsibility to climate change. Some current

emissions- Greenhouse gas emissions, CO2 gas emissions,

Historical emissions, Emissions per capita, Consumption footprints can say about responsible countries for climate

change. People do not care about the world’s health instead of

filling up their own selfish reasons and greed. As a scary reason,

the world is getting hotter and losing its natural process. In

some research, the economy of the world will be lose with

finishing the fossil fuels very soon. At current rate- oil will finish

in 53 years, natural gas will finish in 54 years and coal in 110

years. Taking with almost 8 billion people, the Earth is going to

face a tremendous storm for living. More population is equals

to more pollution. Decreasing child mortality, improving

education and providing people with economic opportunities

all help to reduce fertility and population growth in the world

and especially 3rd world countries. Because, 3rd countries having

a lot of lacks in proper biological education which for they are

making population larger without knowing the fact. So,

International aid, fair trade and global justice are hopes to help

bring global population back to sustainable levels. In Wikipedia

according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

(IPCC), from 1951 to 2010 human activities has influenced the

world temperature about 93% to 123%.

Increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, for

a warming effect. Solar radiation reaches the Erath atmosphere

and some of those radiations reflects into space. Most of the

heats got sink by the lands and the oceans, the seas and make

the Earth hotter. Heats also radiates toward to the space from

lands and oceans. Some of this heat is trapped by the greenhouse gases to make the lives for living by making the

earth enough warmer. So that, billion species had been lived in

the earth and gone for changing the atmosphere because of

only climate change. Bad human activities which are really

involved for increasing greenhouse gases in unusual way. This is

playing energetic role to hold extra heat and causing the Earth’s

temperature to rise. Global changes to land surface, such as

Deforestation is also building effects on the Earth to making

much warmer. As the Amazon rainforest playing a vital role for

making the Earth much beautiful but deforestation doing the

opposite. It causes to climate change due to decreasing the

number of trees. Which for, carbon dioxide cannot be collected

by trees and as a reason, the temperature is rising unusual way.

deforestation is the second largest anthropogenic source of

atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions, after fossil fuel

combustion and wildfire is also involved for climate change.

Deforestation comes in many forms: wildfire, agricultural

clearcutting, livestock ranching, and logging for timber, among

others. Forest cover 31% area of the earth and annually 18.7

million acres is lost through deforestation. Mass deforestation

continues to threaten tropical forests, their biodiversity and the

ecosystem services they provide and the irony of fate that, the

place for maximum biodiversity is the Amazon. For climate

changing some certain effects seem likely:

Some regions are facing warmer temperature and some others

are not. Again, warmer conditions will probably lead to more

evaporation and precipitation overall, but individual regions will vary, some becoming wetter and others dryer. A stronger

greenhouse effect will warm the oceans and partially melt

glaciers and other ice, increasing sea level. Ocean water also

will expand if it warms, contributing further to sea level rise.

Meanwhile, some crops and other plants will response

differently in different time. At the same time, higher

temperature and shifting climate patterns may change the

areas where crops grow best and affect the makeup of natural

plant communities. Climate change will continue through this

century and beyond. Temperature will continue to rise because

of human activities. Frost free season and growing season will

lengthen because the patterns of climate changed and it will be

changing through upcoming time. Besides the precipitation has

changed in several regions of countries. A broad change noticed

into seasons for just climate change. Some seasons are already

to the vanishing point. More drought and heat waves are

coming. So that, the production of food will be decrease

worldwide. On the other hand, hurricanes will become stronger

and intense and sea Level Will Rise 1-4 feet by 2100. Climate

change will make impact and also making impact on human

health. These impacts threaten our health by affecting the food

we eat, the water we drink, the air we breathe, and the

weather we experience. It increases the high risk of illness and

problems on human. Like diarrhea, effects on the body's

nervous and respiratory systems, or liver and kidney damage

for increasing temperature, more frequent heavy rains and

runoff, and the effects of storms. To protecting people, it also depends on public health and safety systems to address or

prepare for these changing threats. Climate change are making

several impacts on human health, like- temperature related

impact, air quality impact, impacts from extreme weather,

Vectorborne (It is transmitted by disease vectors, which include

mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas) Diseases, water related illness,

food and safety nutrition problem, problem on mental health. It

also taking the world to hunger and poverty. Atmospheric

aerosol significantly cool down the climate but can not help to

remove the greenhouse gas emissions. Intentionally and

artificially increase the atmospheric aerosol concentration in

order to cool down the climate. Furthermore, the cooling

effects of current atmospheric aerosol emissions were

analysed. The study by the University of Eastern Finland found

that aerosol particles injected into the stratosphere proved

extremely efficient in cooling down the climate. But this is huge

lengthy process and making tiny impacts against the climate

change. For these situations, we have to do something for

prevent climate change. Less consuming and less wasting can

one of the ways to prevent climate change. Investing in

renewables and divest from fossil fuels can also help us. Wind

mills and solar panels are playing vital role for reducing the

climate change. Making awareness can also be a solution for

climate change. Driving fuel-efficient vehicles, maintaining

rides, less uses of planes, trains and automobiles. Scientists are

researching for making better earth by reducing climate change.