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# Plastic Waste & Weather Control

List of Abbreviations AEPC Alternative Energy Promotion Centre, Department of MoST, dealing with RE. EPS Expanded Polystyrene. Light, white insulation material used in package industry. EPE Expanded cellular polyethylene foam. Closed cells expanded with LD PE resins. HABR High Altitude Biogas Reactor (over 1800m altitude). HDPE High Density Polyethylene. Plastic used in water and sewerage piping. LDPE Low Density Polyethylene, terminology used in plastic industry. NRs Nepalese Rupee. One Euro = NRs. 85 (at date of report date). PE Polyethylene plastic with density 0.91–096. May be burned, non-poisonous. PET Polyethylene Terephthalate, used for fully transparent water and soft drinks bottles. PE foam Polyethylene foam, commonly sold as under-carpet in Nepal, 5mm and thicker. PP bags Polypropylene  fibre used in agricultural and food bags. PVC Poly Vinyl Chloride plastic with density 1.2 -1.55. Poisonous burning gasses. RE Renewable Energy. SPCC Sagarmatha Pollution Control Centre. SWH  Solar Water Heater.

Plastic Waste & Weather Control

Plastic waste is increasingly becoming an eyesore and is polluting the environment, especially in high mountain villages where no garbage collection system exists. A large amount of plastic is being brought into the tourist trekking regions (PET and HDPE bottles, food wrappers, PVC and plastic bags used for transport and packing materials) and discarded or burned. This plastic waste can be perfectly reused as source material for thermal insulation, constructing roads and as railway sleepers. Empty PET and HDPE bottles are separated into “clean” and “less-clean”, and packed in PP fiber bags can be utilized as thermal insulation material inside housing. Designs are provided for floors, over ceilings and inside cavity walls. Used PVC shopping bags can be used to insulate water piping of solar water heaters and warm water piping inside houses. Common non-biodegradable waste products are re-used as high value thermal insulators, being extremely needed in the high altitudes to conserve warmth and reduce firewood consumption. Also plastic wastes can be re-used for making railway sleepers and for constructing roads. A basic explanation on how thermal insulation works and a comparative table of insulation values is included.

INTRODUCTION Our project explains the main principles of thermal insulation and how plastic waste can serve

perfectly as thermal insulation in houses and for external applications. Especially for external applications

that are not exposed to the direct sunlight, the waste material can be reutilized as a very durable insulator

solving many issues at the same time.

	Getting rid of plastic waste; 	Thermally insulating houses and installations; 	Avoiding the importation of insulation materials; 	Reducing firewood consumption because of increased thermal comfort; and no waste burning. 	Saving of Bitumen,etc.,

	The more population...The more waste.

	More population require more food (often imports with plastics) and more energy (often firewood).

	Reducing firewood need is primarily done through thermal insulation of buildings and installing Solar Water Heaters.

	Thermal insulation of buildings can be done by using plastic waste of bottles in cavity walls and in ceilings. 	Rusting of railway lines can be solved by laying plastic tracks 	Converting the less strengthen bitumen roads into strong plastic roads.

PLASTIC INSULATION AND WEATHER CONTROL

Two main forms of plastic wastage, plastic bottles and foil-type plastics, such as grocery bags and large fiber bags. Bottles without residues can be used directly as insulation because they contain air. It is the air that provides the insulation.

USEABLE AND NON-USEABLE WASTE MATERIAL

In principle, all non-conductive waste materials that contain lots of air are useful for thermal insulation. However, for use in house they should be non-degradable and non-water absorbing.

For use indoors in ceilings, they should be reasonably clean. Plastic waste can be easily washed and sun-dried to this effect. Bottles should be well drained after washing and re-capped if the tops are available. Wash water should be discarded in a soak pit well away from open water or water sources.

The following chart lists some materials that can be used or should not be used. Can be used under floors in PP or PVC bags 	Can be used in ceilings, cavity walls and under dry roofs 	Cannot be used for thermal insulation Plastic bottles (empty/closed). Plastic bottles (empty). Metal cans and containers. Plastic foil, bags (crumpled). Plastic foil, bags (crumpled). Aluminium cans, containers. Plastic foam, PP, EPS (Waterproof and shredded). Plastic foam, PP, EPS (Waterproof and shredded). Hard and brittle PVC (as this may cut the container bags). Rubber goods (shredded). Rubber foam mattress (shredded). Glass bottles (any size). Cleaned battery containers. Fleece and nylon (shredded). Earthenware. Chip bags, candy wrappers 	Wood shavings, curls, saw dust. Dirty or soiled materials. Wax paper, shopping bags. Glass wool, rock wool 2, air bubble plastic. Paper or cardboard waste. Leather, animal skin. Clay mixed with straw (1:1) volume and 5% lime/cement 	Straw in PP bags with 2%-3% Lime dust against mice. ______

HOW DOES INSULATION WORK? Each material has its own characteristics in thermal insulation depending on its own weight, the internal contact of that material and the conductivity.

The following general rules about insulation and humidity apply: 1.	The best insulator is lack of contact between one material and another through vacuum. 2.	Thermal insulation is created by dry air, well contained in its location, avoiding circulation. 3.	Wet air does not insulate very well, because the humidity is the heat transporter. Humidity and water and ice are good heat conductors and thus poor insulators. 4.	When an insulation material gets wet inside, its insulation value will strongly reduce.

5.	Humidity in the air can condensate on the coldest surface, depending on the temperature and humidity level. The higher the humidity or the colder the surface, the faster it condenses.

6.	Condensation inside materials will freeze when temperatures are low in high altitudes. The freezing process will damage the material.

7.	Humans constantly produce humidity by exhaling. Cooking also produces humidity. This humidity must escape through the building construction or by means of ventilation.

8.	Circulation or movement of air will reduce its insulation factor, and the comfort factor.

9.	The thicker the insulation layer, the better it insulates. 10.	Water proof foil on the warm side of the construction will reduce damp going inside the construction and condensate. 11.	Most warmth or heat will escape through surface with the highest temperature difference and the least insulated area or surface. 12.	Warmth moves upwards and will escape through the ceiling and roof. 13.	Warmth (or cold) is stored in all materials. When the weight of the material is large, the heat storage capacity of that material will also be large. General Thermal insulation works by trapping air in one place and not allowing it to move. It is the air that insulates, not the wool fibres of the coat, but the air between the wool fibres. If it is windy, the coat should also be windproof on the outside, otherwise, the cold wind will blow through the coat and take away the warm air inside. All insulation material is based on this principle; the more air it is containing in relation to its own weight, the better it insulates. The outside surface of a house should therefore be without open joints between the stones. Temperatures in our environment want to equalize themselves and all heat flows automatically to the coldest areas. Thermal insulation does not produce warmth; it only contains it in its place. If the wall of a room is well insulated but has a glass window, all heat will escape through the window until the inside and outside temperatures are the same. MAKING PLASTIC INSULATION Types of Plastic Insulation I. For use inside a cavity wall or under the floor the insulation material does not have to be super clean, but it should not have food or soap residues either. Collecting the material and stuffing the plastic PET and HDPE bottles and waste from plastic grocery bags (crumpled) into larger PP bags will be adequate, especially when the plastic containers have their tops fitted.

II. For use inside the ceiling of a house, the insulation material needs to be reasonably clean from fats, proteins, liquids and sugars because these ingredients may attract either insects or cause smells when becoming very hot (under the roof). The best method is to make first a visual selection and then wash those materials that are not very clean but are still useful as insulation material. After washing these can be sun dried and stuffed into the bags.

The collection centre should fill the bags according to demand and use. The “clean” material can be packed immediately into insulation bags. The thickness of the bags can be about 8cm, being the thickness of the 1.5 litre PET bottle. Special large bags can be sewn from larger sheets of PP cloth, or larger bags can be made from sewing different smaller bags together.

The bags are then sewn closed with PP rope and marked. Equally, the “less-clean” materials can be collected and marked differently and stacked for resale. Hard or sharp plastic articles need to be removed from the stock.

The bags are then sewn closed with PP rope and marked. Equally, the “less-clean” materials can be collected and marked differently and stacked for resale. Hard or sharp plastic articles need to be removed from the stock.

After washing the plastic waste it needs to be dried and redistributed into the “clean” and “less-clean” stock. It is possible that some elements remain too dirty. Either they can be cleaned in the next washing cycle or be rejected. Washing should be realised away from all other water sources and/or streams. The dirty water should soak away into the ground, away from water sources. DOMESTIC APPLICATION

For inside the house “clean” plastic waste is strongly recommended.

Most effective is the insulation to be applied above the ceiling of the heated room. Secondarily, insulation under the roof should be applied. Insulation under a sheet metal roof will also keep the rooms cooler during hot summers. The reflective foil should be facing the warm area. This means that under the GI roof one reflective foil should be directly under the GI sheets facing upwards to reflect the heat of the summer sun. Another reflective foil should be on the room side with the reflective side facing the warm room during the winter period. Depending on the design of the house, bags with insulation material can be placed under the ground floor or fixed with galvanized wires in between the floor beams, under the living room. In this case the reflective foil should be facing upside to the warm room. Reflective Foil Thin sheets of grey Polyethylene (PE) are often used as under carpet. The same material with on one side a reflective aluminium coated PVC foil is used for pipe insulation and as reflector foil to be placed on the wall behind radiators. The reflective side reflects the infrared radiation coming from the room or warm area. This way it enhances substantially the insulation value of the material and makes the surface damp proof. Insulation for different areas Heat doesn't travel uniformly in every direction, and your home doesn't use the same shapes and materials for the roof, walls, windows, doors and floor. For those reasons, the thermal insulation requirements for the different parts of your home are likely to be different from each other. Learn how much heat is lost through the different areas of your home, and how to properly insulate roofs, walls, windows, doors and floors 	THE COST BENEFIT While there are a lot of factors that can change the efficiency (and therefore cost) of an air conditioner or heater, proper insulation could save you up to $300 per year in cooling and heating costs - depending on your usage, naturally. A well insulated home is up to 10 degrees warmer in winter and up to 7 degrees cooler in summer.

For More details feel free to contact, praveen Claws - 9003980039 / dspraveen99@gmail.com