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The Church of Our Lady of the Rosary (Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Rosário) is a Catholic church located in the city of Belém, Pará, Brazil. The church is dedicated to Our Lady of the Rosary and belongs to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Belém do Pará. The church was listed as a historic structure by the National Historic and Artistic Heritage Institute in 1944.

History
The construction of the Church of Our Lady of the Rosary dates to the second half of the 17th century. A small, chapel with a bare-beamed ceiling was built on the site in the late 17th or early 18th century by the Brotherhood of the Blessed Sacrament. The Brotherhood was comprised of enslaved people or freed men of African origin and belonged to the newly-created Parish of Campina. The chapel was demolished in 1725, and work on a larger structure began in the same year.

Authorship of the building is disputed. Robert Smith attributed it to José Landi based on the Italian design of the floor plan and a text by António Monteiro Baena. Baena's text of 1838 was written before the completion of the Church of Our Lady of the Rosary. Isabel Mayer Godinho Mendonça proposes that Baena was writing about the Church of Saint Ann, which was designed by Landi.

Work on the church continued into the 19th century, with a record of its construction continuing in 1848.

Burials in church floor has been prohibited since 1860 with the construction of the Piedade Cemetery. The Brotherhood of de Saint Benedict obtained, however, a permit to bury Lieutenant-Colonel João de Deus da Silva in 1889.

Structure
The façade has three horizontal divisions. The base has an arched door with ornamented lintel. The second level has three choir windows with arched lintels. The third level sits above a cornice and has a baroque-style pediment with pinnacles and a cross. The pediment has an oculus at the base and ornament on the tympanum´[.

The church has two bell towers with arched windows on all four sides of the belfry. The towers are crowned by domes and surmounted by a cross.

The church has a single nave with side aisles.

Arcades connect the nave to the side aisles.

The wooden lining is curved at the ends.

The one in the chapel is vaulted.

The main altarpiece, in neoclassical style, features overlapping columns and is crowned by a pediment and pinnacles.

The wooden pulpits are topped by a canopy and topped by a cross.

"The church stands out among the buildings of Colonial Brazil, mainly because it still preserves, on the facade of Rua Aristides Lobo, the windows with rupêma hinges, which are said to be rare in Pará and demonstrate the Arab influence on Portuguese customs. You can also see the red tiled floor of the side corridors, reminiscent of the hermitage times.

The church holds the collections of two brotherhoods, that of Our Lady of the Rosary and Saint Benedict. It includes silver lanterns, candlesticks, and a painting of the Virgin Mary in the baptistery. Manuscript documents from both brotherhoods remain part of the church properties.

Protected status
The Church of Our Lady of the Rosary was listed as a historic structure by the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage in 1940. It was included in the Book of Historical Works as Inscription no. 148. The directive is dated January 3, 1941.

Access
The church is open to the public and may be visited.