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The Battle of Romania took place during World War II between 19 March, when the Red Army set foot on Romanian territory, and 24 August 1944, when the Romanian Army ceased resisting the Soviet offensive. It consisted in three major operations, as well as small-scale engagements taking place along the front line regularly throughout over 5 months.

Uman–Botoșani Offensive
The Uman–Botoșani Offensive, launched in early March 1944, brought the Red Army to Romanian territory. On 19 March, the 2nd Ukrainian Front forced the Dniester and captured Soroca. On 29 March, Chernivtsi - the capital of Northern Bukovina - was captured by the Red Army.

First Jassy–Kishinev Offensive
During the First Jassy–Kishinev Offensive, taking place between 8 April and 6 June 1944, 300,000 German and Romanian troops managed to halt the offensive of 830,000 Red Army troops. Casualties amounted to 45,000 on the German-Romanian side and

Transylvanian armaments industry during World War II
Transylvania-proper was a crucial component of the Romanian military industry throughout the Second World War. Transylvania was the only place in Romania where fighter aircraft, medium bombers, automatic weapons, and howitzer barrels were produced. Below are listed the Transylvanian armament factories and their products.

Astra
The Transylvanian artillery factory, Astra, was located in Brașov. Throughout the war, it produced 360 Rheinmetall 37 mm guns under German licence as well as 120 Romanian Reșița 75 mm anti-tank guns. The Vickers Model 1931 heavy anti-aircraft gun was initially licensed by the United Kingdom to Reșița in the Banat region, but by October 1942 the production line had been moved to Astra. Astra also produced replacement barrels for Romania's 100 mm and 150 mm Czechoslovak-produced howitzers, as well as barrel liners for Romania's 88 mm anti-aircraft guns. Barrel liners of 75 mm were produced before the war for the standardization of over 1,000 Romanian World War I-era field guns, and during the war for the standardization of captured Soviet 76,2 mm artillery. Also before the war, Astra modernized Romania's over 100 Austro-Hungarian M1914 100 mm howitzers to the 1930s standards, turning them into M14/34 howitzers. Finally, Astra finished the gun carriages for the TACAM T-60 tank destroyers.

CMC
CMC, located in Cugir, was Transylvania's small arms factory. It produced 10,000 ZB vz. 30 light machine guns under Czechoslovak licence (at least 5,000 by June 1941). In 1942, 45,000 of Romania's native Orița M1941 submachine gun were ordered. Until October 1943, 6,000 had been produced, and by mid-1944 it became the most common submachine gun in the Romanian Army.

Voina
This factory, located in Brașov, specialized in the production of mortars. Before the war, France sold to Voina the licence to produce 175 Brandt Mle 1935 60 mm mortars and 410 Brandt Mle 27/31 81 mm mortars. In both cases, wartime production far exceeded the number specified by the licence.