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Semitic Action was a small Israeli political group of the 1950s and 1960s which sought the creation of a regional federation encompassing Israel and its Arab neighbors. Uri Avnery, Natan Yellin-Mor, and Boaz Evron were at the group's center. Other members included Maxim Ghilan, Shalom Cohen, and Amos Kenan. Joel Beinin describes it as "a political expression of the Canaanite movement, which advocated that Hebrew-speaking Israelis cut their ties with the Jewish diaspora and integrate into the Middle East as natives of the region on the basis of an anticolonialist alliance with its indigenous Arab inhabitants." It was created in 1956.

Semitic Action's manifesto, published in 1958, described the "Hebrew nation" in Palestine as a new entity, albeit one linked to the Jewish diaspora, and called for moving beyond outmoded Zionist ideas that were now holding back the nation's development. It put forward a program of secularism, complete civic equality between Jews and Arabs, support for anticolonial movements, and a relationship with the diaspora based on national interest rather than ethnic, religious, or cultural ties. The manifesto emerged from the meeting of three groups: former Canaanites, former Lehi members who had moved to the Left, and Avnery and his associates, who Shavit describes as "nether Left nor Right."

Semitic Action published a journal, Etgar ("Challenge"), edited by Yellin-Mor, weekly or biweekly from April 1960 until March 1967. One of its founders, Yaakov Yeredor (a former Lehi member), represented the Arab nationalist group Al-Ard in three of its trials.