User:Priyaraymond/Functional neurologic disorder

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Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a prevalent cause of persistent and disabling neurological symptoms. It is characterized by abnormalities in the functioning of the nervous system rather than structural damage or disease. This condition significantly impacts patients' quality of life and can be as debilitating as many well-known neurological diseases. FND often coexists with psychiatric conditions such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), indicating a complex interplay between psychological and neurological factors. Diagnosis typically involves clinical evaluation, exclusion of other neurological disorders, and identification of specific signs unique to FND. Management of FND requires a multidisciplinary approach involving neurologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, and physical therapists. Treatment strategies focus on educating patients about the disorder, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), physical rehabilitation, and sometimes medications for coexisting mental health conditions.

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These symptoms are diverse and include abnormal movement control (e.g. weakness, tremor, dystonic posturing), episodes of altered awareness similar to epileptic seizures (functional/dissociative seizures), and abnormal sensation. Additionally, common symptoms include, fatigue, pain, and cognitive difficulties. Recently, there has been a growing emphasis on the neurologist's role in managing FND. This approach contrasts with the traditional method of excluding neurological diseases and subsequently either discharging the patient or referring them to a psychiatrist. Instead, neurologists are now expected to have specific expertise in the diagnosis of FND, diagnostic explanation, treatment and follow-up. Often acting as coordinator for a multidisciplinary team-based approach to management.

Given the potential presence of comorbid psychiatric disorders, collaboration between neurologists and psychiatrists is crucial for both assessment and management on an individual basis. It is important for neurologists to understand the emerging evidence for various therapeutic options for this heterogenous group of patients.