User:Prokash s/sandbox/Fish Cum duck Farming

A synopsis on “Fish cum Duck farming” Integrated Farming is a dynamic process that requires, first and foremost, careful and detailed organization and management. Among the Integrated farming system ‘Fish cum Duck farming’ is one the model. Fish cum Duck Integration is most common in the developing countries. This type of integration is not popular in Bangladesh. Ducks are of several types and Khaki Campbell is recommended for fish-cum-duck integration Fishpond being a semi-closed biological system with several aquatic animals and plants provides an excellent disease-free environment for the ducks. Sometimes Polluted water will cause various disease problems. That’s why we need to exchange the water free from pollution as per as possible. In turn, ducks consume juvenile frogs, tadpoles and dragonfly etc. there by making a safe environment for fish. Duck droppings go directly into the pond, which in turn provide essential nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus that stimulate growth of natural food organisms. Ducks also help in aerating the pond water, along with bottom racking. About 300 ducks are enough to fertilize a pond of one hectare. By housing the ducks over the pond the costs of collecting, storing, and transporting manure are eliminated and the potential problem of environmental pollution by the manure is solved. The system results in a net income of BDT. 2,69,000/- per year per hectare. However, due to difficulty in marketing of eggs and duck meat, the system is not very common in the state. Presently the village tanks are being utilized for domestic purposes and no inputs are allowed into it for fear of killing the aesthetic value of the pond. In the northern and north - western states of Bangladesh, the ponds should be stocked in the month of March and harvested in the month of October - November, due to severe winter, which affect the growth of fishes. In the south, coastal and north - eastern states of Bangladesh, where the winter season is mild, the ponds should be stocked in June - September months and harvested after rearing the fish for 12 months.The ducks are given a free range over the pond surface from 9 to 5 PM, when they distribute their droppings in the whole pond, automatically manuring the pond. Each duck voids between 125 - 150 gm of dropping per day. The droppings contain 81% moisture, 0.91% nitrogen and 0.38% phosphate on dry matter basis. Raising large group of ducks in open water, Raising ducks in centralised enclosures near the fish pond and Raising ducks in fish pond are the most favorable duck husbandry farming. It has been found that 200 – 300 ducks are sufficient to produce manure adequate enough to fertilize a hectare of water area under fish culture. 2 - 4 months old ducklings are kept on the pond after providing them necessary prophylactic medicines as a safeguard against epidemics. A mixture of any standard balanced poultry feed and rice bran in the ratio of 1:2 by weight can be fed to the ducks as supplementary feed at the rate of 100 gm/ bird/day. The feed is given twice in a day, first in the morning and second in the evening. The feed is given either on the pond embankment or in the duck house and the spilled feed is then drained into the pond. The ground nut oil cake and maize are more susceptible to Aspergilus flavus which causes aflotoxin contamination and may be eliminated from the feed. The ducks start laying the eggs after attaining the age of 24 weeks and continue to lay eggs for two years. Final harvesting is done after 12 months of rearing. Fish yield ranging from 3500 - 4000 Kg/ha/yr and 2000 - 3000 Kg/ha/yr are generally obtained with 6 - species and 3 - species stocking respectively. The eggs are collected every morning. After two years, ducks can be sold out for flesh in the market. About 18,000 - 18,500 eggs and 500 - 600 Kg duck meat are obtained. Water surface of ponds can be put into full utilization by duck rising. Duck raising in fish ponds reduces the demand for protein to 2 – 3 % in duck feeds. Ducks feed on predators and help the fingerlings to grow. Fish ponds provide an excellent environment to ducks which prevent them from infection of parasites. The daily waste of duck feed (about 20 - 30 gm/duck) serves as fish feed in ponds or as manure, resulting in higher fish yield. Survival of ducks raised in fish ponds increases by 3.5 % due to the clean environment of fish ponds. Ducks serve as bio aerators as they swim, play and chase in the pond. This disturbance to the surface of the pond facilitates aeration. Ducks keep aquatic plants in check. No additional land is required for the duckery activities. The main purpose of the integrated recycling is to utilize the wastes and by-products from one component of the cycle to the other as a feed, fuel or fertilizer. Her the same work is done. The duck wastes are used as the feed and supplementary food for the fish culture.