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Theories of Reminiscence
There are many theories and pathways through which reminiscence therapy works. Each theory or way of administering therapy to patients has its own merit. Among the most used are disengagement theory, ego integrity theory and continuity theory respectively.

Disengagement Theory
Disengagement theory in reminiscence is used by some therapists and researchers and focuses on the patient withdrawing from social responsibilities This movement away from social life is encouraged so that the patient (in many cases an elderly person) can brace themselves for the rapid changes associated with the end of life. In withdrawing from interaction with others, disengagement theory aims to prepare the person for the most powerful and taxing separation of death. The hope in using this therapy is that when death comes, it will not be as painful or upsetting an experience as typically thought. The notion can be a comforting one that instead of being fearful patients that participate in the disengagement aspect of reminiscence theory will no longer be afraid but empowered when meeting their end.

Ego Integrity Theory
Ego Integrity Theory is based on the individual having a sense of fulfillment and success when looking back on their life and accomplishments. A person who has achieved ego integrity does not fear the uncertainty that comes with meeting their death. In a successful case of ego integrity theory the patient is at peace with the eventuality of death. This theory was developed from Eric Erikson’s stages of development in which Integrity vs Despair is a crucial stage for later life psychological development.

Continuity Theory
Disengagement and ego-integrity may offer tools helping the elderly or ill deal with the prospect of death but it is thought that Continuity Theory offers more profound insights when trying to fully understand the true meaning of reminiscence theory. A passage from Lin illustrates the concept of continuity the best “As individuals move from one stage to the next and encounter changes in their lives, they attempt to order and interpret changes by recalling their pasts. This provides an important sense of continuity and facilitates adaptation. Change is linked to the person’s perceived past, producing continuity in inner psychological characteristics and in social behavior and social circumstances. Reminiscence can provide a mechanism by which individuals adapt to changes that occur throughout life. Continuity Theory requires the effective use of remote memory. Reminiscence processes occur in this type of memory which is usually the last memory system to deteriorate. Research has found that frequent exercise of this system improves general cognitive function.