User:Psych110

First para-this is what We say and this is what we’re going to prove

Pets cause an emotional stimulus to occur within all people, whether the emotion is positive or negative. There are many different reasons for these emotions to occur, whether it is a fear of the animal, affection toward it, hatred of it, or just an attitude where the person doesn’t really care much about animals. It is likely that many people will have some emotion when they see a picture of an animal rather than a picture of a regular object.

Para2-How we think they will act, what proves they will react this way

Animals can often be good for people’s emotional states. They offer company and support for their owners at anytime. Netting et al. (1987) says, “companion animals can play an important, even a therapeutic, role in the lives of some people” (p. 60). Some animals have even been used for inmates so they do not feel so alone. According to Netting et al. (1987), “Fish, birds, rabbits, guinea pigs, and gerbils have been introduced as companions for inmates” (p. 62). This was a good idea because many inmates begin to feel alone and once they get out they feel like they do not belong in the world anymore. Furthermore, animals can become very important to their owners life. People can become very attached to their pets and worry about them sometimes even more than themselves. There was an older member of a church who became sick while she was living alone. She was going to be hospitalized and she was mostly worried about her dog not being cared for while she was there (Netting et al., 1987).

Animals may be used to help clients to interact with each other and begin to talk together (Netting et al., 1987).

Para3-why they might not react how we want them to

Some people just do not have feelings for animals, so if that person were to see an animal, he or she may not have any emotion for the animal at all. There are many different reasons that people may not have the type of reaction that we may expect to see from them.

Age Gender Animal lover or not Any phobias pertaining to animals No opinion Bad experience(s) What is your favorite animal? Have you ever lived on or near a farm? If yes, did you like it?

Para4-The experiment

The experiment that we are working on will require something that is called an Electoencephalogrphy(EEG). EEG is a machine that uses wires that hook up to a person and records a persons brain's electric activity. EEG uses a graphic method on a computer to record what is now called "Brainscript." "Brainscript" are the wavy lines that appear on the graph. This language tells us when a person is thinking. Their neurons in their brain are reacting to what they are thinking. An example is if a person is engaged in a mental task such as a math problem, the lines will change from their constant of 10 Hz. We will be able to tell when a person started thinking and when they "solved the problem." The lines will change back into the idol brains constant of 10 Hz (Borck, 2008).

Neurons in the human brain can be effected by visual presentations. You can generate a visual image in your mind by recalling an image and the neuron response is similar to when it was first seen. Participants were asked to view two images for 1000 miliseconds each, the same 2 images repeated 5 times. The images used were from various groups: faces showing emotion, household objects, cars, animals, pictures of famous people, foodstuffs. They were asked to press a button if the image was that of a human face. Then they were asked to close their eyes and visualize one of the 2 pictures for 3000 milliseconds, at the sound of a tone, they were to visualize the other picture. This was repeated for 30 pairs of images. Data was collected by measuring neuron firing activity using implanted chronic depth electrodes at various locations of the brain. It was checked for the differences between actually seeing the image vs. imagining it.

Para5-what we are going to do

To make sure that this experiment succeeds there is certain things that we must do. The first thing that we are going to do is to tell them the instructions. When they see something that evokes some kind of emotion they will either say "yes" or "no." Yes will mean that they are having a positive emotion to the animal/object. No will mean the opposite and they can not say anything if they feel nothing for the animal/object. Next we will show them multiple photos of either animals or some kind of inanimate object. We will repeat this experiment with multiple people. At the end ww will ask them questions so we don't "muddy the water," so to speak. These questions will include; Name, gender, age, pet owner or not, and any animal phobias.

And short series of questions at end of experiment: Name Age Left handed or right handed (seems like this is specified in a lot of data that I've seen) Whether a pet owner or not (or animal lover or not) Any phobias pertaining to animals Gender

(fill in yours)

Hypothesis-

Positive/animals

Negative/dull objects

REFERENCES

Borck, Cornelius. (2008). Recording the Brain at Work: The Visible, the Readable, and the Invisible in Electroencephalography. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 17(3), 367-379. doi:10.1080/09647040701348332

Kreiman, G., Koch, C., Fried, I. (2000). Imagery neurons in the human brain. Nature, 408(6810), 357-361.

Netting, F. Ellen, Arizona State U, School of Social Work, Tempe, US Wilson, et al. (1987). The Human-Animal Bond: Implications for Practice. Social Work, Vol 32(1), 60-64.