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Race and maternal health in the United States

Postpartum Care

Black and Hispanic women are more likely than white women to report moderate to severe pain postpartum and less likely to receive prescriptions for opioids upon discharge. Medical professionals are less likely to listen to the concerns of pregnant African American women, which leads to them feeling less comfortable with the staff or discouraged to speak up. Sadly, this is something that occurs often around the country. Those who speak out their concerns are ignored and later die due to complications that could have been prevented. Which in turn leaves the child without their mother. It is a concern that happens more often than it should and greatly affects Black women more than their white counterparts. For example, 23 grand slam winner Serena Williams almost lost her life due to post-birth complications that the medical staff ignored. She knew something was wrong with her body but the staff dismissed her concerns and said she was confused. Williams continued to insist that something was wrong and they finally did a full check up on her body. It was revealed that she had several blood clots and during a surgery a hemorrhage was discovered. Black women continue to be deprived of the care they so desperately need. Black women are at increased risk of hospital readmission in the first 30 days after giving birth compared to white and Hispanic women. Preeclampsia is also associated with greater likelihood of postpartum hospital readmission; Black women are at disparate risk of developing pre-eclampsia.

Information from sources about postpartum care , disparities in pain management , and escalation of care added

Contraception and sterilization

Review of characteristics of women who received bilateral tubal ligation at the time of Cesarean birth shows Black women and women with Medicaid are more likely to undergo sterilization postpartum. Provider bias in contraceptive counseling may influence women's choice of postpartum contraception, with Black and Hispanic women being more likely than white women to have long-acting reversible contraception recommended. Black and Hispanic women have also reported experiencing coercion in postpartum contraceptive counseling. Historically, involuntary sterilization has targeted limiting the reproduction of minority women. While legislative changes have outlawed compulsory sterilization in the United States, reports of coersion and unwanted sterilization among incarcerated and immigrant women continue.

Add information about forced sterilization and the organizations that formed to counteract the problem.

Small Edit
I added a sentence to Race and maternal health in the United States speaking on the increased complications in postpartum care during the COVID-19 pandemic as a result of Black womens' importance of care falling behind. I added this information into the first paragraph of the section labeled "Postpartum care", and I would like to edit this paragraph more to remove some of the subtly biased information.