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BRIEF HISTORY OF INDIAN PETROLEUM EXPLORATION
The search for oil in India began way back in 1866 in Upper Assam. While oil was struck at Digboi in 1889 marking the beginning of oil production in India, discoveries were made in Nahorkatiya and Moran oilfields in the late 1950s and early 60s in the northeastern region. In view of the growing demand of crude oil, The Government of India formed an exclusive division in the geological Survey of India, exclusively to explore for Oil & gas in the country. Thus ONGC was constituted in 1956. ONGC made the first discovery in 1958 in the Cambay onshore basin in Gujarat (Lunch # 1). During the 1960s, oil production in the country was confined to only Assam and Gujarat.

The discovery of oil and gas in the offshore region was made by ONGC in 1974 in Mumbai High which opened up a new vista for oil and gas exploration and production in India. Subsequently, more discoveries were made in the Krishna-Godavari, Cauvery and Rajasthan sedimentary basins. While the responsibility of carrying out exploration and production activities in the country was entrusted to the national oil companies (NOCs). Since 190 with the liberation policies of Government of India, many private oil companies came in to existence for exploration for hydrocarbons.

Petroleum is generated within a sedimentary basin.The processes that control the generation, migration and accumulation of petroleum is related to evolution history of sedimentary basin.

There are about 1450 sedimentary basins world-wide including 26 basins in India, The Indian sedimentary basins have been classified into ‘4’ categories based on their petroleum potential.