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= School Bus in China, Mexico and South Korea. =

School Bus
School bus is a vehicle for transporting students to and from school.The earliest bus appeared in 1827 in London, England, is located in the northeast of London GuiGeYan schools use a specially designed carriage to transport students to and from school, the school bus can take 25 students. In the us, around 1886, by Wayne Works first began to make the school bus, it is also modified by coaches. The car was invented, Wayne Works in 1914 to the wagon train loading on the field of automobile chassis, so he invented the driving school. In 1927, before and after Wayne Works and another school bus manufacturer, Blue Bird Body Company, began manufacturing school buses with all-metal Body parts.

China
China's school bus traffic accidents happen frequently, so that the school bus caused widespread concern in society.For example, in the last weeks of 2011, for example, 41 primary and middle school students were killed in school bus accidents, including a collision between a kindergarten bus and a coal van in gansu province, which was carrying 64 children and 19 people.Soon, 15 children were killed when a school bus overturned into a ditch in jiangsu province. In a third incident, two schoolchildren were killed and 20 injured when a carriage carrying students collided with a truck in yunnan province. Three days later, in yunnan province, five junior high school students were killed when a bus used as a school bus fell off a cliff.The earliest professional school bus in mainland China appeared in October 2008.Compared with many developed countries, Chinese schools have a relatively short history of providing transportation services. In the 1990s, the first private schools began to offer bus service

The 12th five-year plan for road traffic safety
In the 12th five-year plan of road traffic safety, the office of the work safety commission of the state council stressed that it is necessary to establish and improve the legal system and safety management system of school bus safety management, clarify the right of way for school buses, strengthen the supervision of school buses, and ensure the safety of school buses. And the school bus must be installed satellite positioning and speed limit device.

The development of China's school bus industry
1.Implementation of the national standard September 1, 2007，according to the national standards committee issued "motor vehicle operation safety technical conditions" national standard no. 2 amendment, China began to implement the school bus operation mandatory standards. 2.Promulgate laws and regulations On September 1, 2007, the ministry of education, the ministry of public security, the ministry of justice and other 10 committees jointly issued the implementation of the "primary and secondary school students kindergarten safety management office law" 3.Compulsory administration September 1, 2007 - September 31, 2010 the ministry of public security administration of the ministry of public security in accordance with the "motor vehicle operation safety technical conditions" national standardization no. 2 amendmentThe administrative department carried out the school bus operation in various areas of the countryJoint inspection, not in line with the standards of the illegal operation of school buses for comprehensive treatment. 4.The government promotes development The social demand of school bus has aroused the high attention of all levels of governmentThe related management departments are all researching and discussing the feasible way of the development of school car industrialization in China.

School bus protection ordinance
1. School bus appearance:School buses are uniformly marked with eye-catching colors (e.g., yellow) and can be equipped with warning lights and sirens. 2. Inside the school bus:School bus safety performance is higher than ordinary vehicles (for example: anti-collision), should also be installed GPS, real-time monitoring of the vehicle running routes, speed; And set the speed limiter to prevent overspeed; The upper and lower doors are equipped with cameras to monitor the upper and lower personnel in real time, and equipped with safety hammers. 3. Crew:Drivers need a professional license, and regular spot check, if there are violations of driving, should be corrected in a timely manner, and the organization of learning, repeated violations should be disqualified from driving the school bus. Vehicles should be strictly restricted and one or more teachers should be assigned to maintain order. 4. Right of way:The school bus has the same right of way as the bus. In case of emergency, use of lights and alarms.

School transportation program of the Mexico City (PROTE)
The program began with a first phase of application during the 2008 - 2009 school year and the second during the 2009 - 2010 school year. Only for private basic education schools.

Until August 2014, there were a total of 943 buses that offer school transport service, guaranteeing clean emissions and safe routes for students. This service is provided by companies that grant the service.

Counting each unit with satellite tracking providing information in real time of the journey, in addition to having the Ministry of Public Security so that in case of any unfortunate situation.

Until December 2016 there were 63 private basic education schools that are integrated into the school transportation plan.

Price of the school transportation
These types of transportation are not mandatory in all schools and most parents only who request it pay for it, having a fee agreed with the principal of the schools.

In 2008, when the program was implemented, the cost was approximately $600 M.N. per month. Until February 17, 2017 obligatory school transportation had an average cost of $800 M.N. per month.

Segregation in the school transportation
When the program was implemented, it was only mandatory for schools with more than one thousand 240 students, that amount is reduced in each school year, reaching the 2013 - 2014 school year, reaching schools that have more than 490 students and can exempt the use of transportation obligatory school.

Many educational institutions that oppose, cataloged the unfair program and even some coming to cover themselves, achieving that the minister, José Fernando Franco González Salas, belonging to the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation (SCJN), cataloged the School transportation program of the Mexico City (PROTE) as a program that It grants a differentiated treatment without an objective and reasonable justification, since this program obliges the schools of the district to offer the service according to the number of students they have.

Pumabus (UNAM)
The National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) has a free transport service called Pumabus, which is accessible to the university community and visitors. It has 12 routes and an express route, which circulate through a special lane within the University, also having an app called pumawaze, which helps find routes.

Each pumabus has an approximate capacity of 75 to 90 people, it also has special places for the disabled people, has security cameras and alert buttons.

Currently the UNAM has 58 buses that transport more than 136 thousand users per day, of which eight are reserved, 10 are ecological and 50 with permanent circulation with a schedule from 06:00 to 22:00 hours during weekdays.

School transportation (ITESM)
The school transport offered by Tecnológico de Monterrey (ITESM) called TransporTEC, is only for students enrolled in that institution, teachers and active collaborators.

This type of transportation is in each campus of the Mexican Republic and its price may vary according to the established prices of each campus, it can only be used with the current school credential.

South Korea
South Korea attaches great importance to student traffic safety. Over the years, it has been based on laws and regulations, to parents and civil servants to do safety volunteers, to specify the school bus specifications and vehicle management rules for picking up students, and then to actively participate in student traffic safety. The research and development of educational projects and facilities has gradually formed a student traffic safety management system with full participation and full control.

Current status of Korean elementary and middle school cars
South Korea has a 12-year compulsory education system. Primary and secondary schools are compulsory. Most kindergartens and primary schools in Korea are private schools. Usually located near residential areas. Because the school is closer to home. Therefore, Korean students generally go to school on foot. Therefore, in the morning and evening school and school time, often see the students carrying their bags to school or go home. Students from higher secondary schools who are a little further away from home also go to school by bicycle or by bus, but the number is not large and the proportion is not high. These schools are small and large in number. So every school doesn't actually need a lot of school buses.

The status quo of Korean university bus
Korean university school buses are common, and almost every university has its own school bus. These school buses vary in colour with yellow buses being rare and are distinguishable from other buses by a yellow school zone sign or a sign that reads "School Bus" on the top rear end of the bus. Private and public schools often have 'activity' style buses, sometimes in a colour matching the 'school colours' although more commonly with just the name and logo of the school on the side and/or front of the bus. Moreover, these buses commonly also being used for normal scheduled routes as required. These school buses are generally convenient places from school stations to subway stations or some supermarkets or hospitals. The school bus has a fixed schedule. These buses are mainly designed to provide convenience to students from all over the world. Some areas also have dedicated busways. Increasingly, jurisdictions are requiring new buses purchased for use on school routes to be fitted with seat belts and 'compartmentalisation' features, or even requiring students to use seatbelts at all times.

Korean school bus style
The school buses in South Korea are basically directly converted from commercial vehicles. Among them are the modern H1, Ruifeng, Kia VQ, Ssangyong Ludi and so on. These school buses are all painted in yellow and add with headlights. There are few internal changes. Schools with good economic conditions will prefer modern business vehicles as school buses. The car will be painted with a cartoon image that is fascinating. If the economic conditions are not very good, they will use the old Ssangyong and Kia models. It’s just that the model is old and the other is basically the same. The Hyundai H1 is equipped with a 2.2-liter diesel engine and a 5-speed automatic transmission. Up to four row seats can be selected for a total of 12 seats.

Korea Road Traffic Law Policy
South Korea has strict requirements for school buses to ensure children are safe at home. According to the 2004 study of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, over the past 20 years, the number of children killed by its member states on the road has reached 100,000, and the death rate of children’s traffic accidents is four times that of adults. Traffic accidents have become the leading cause of death among children. The countries with high death rates for children with traffic accidents are the United States, New Zealand, and South Korea, while the lower countries include Sweden, Italy, the United Kingdom, and Japan. In view of this situation, the Korean government made a comprehensive revision of the Road Traffic Law in 2006, further supplementing and improving the safety management of pre-school children and students commuting vehicles, applying for school bus, replacement, performance, marking, insurance, Detailed rules have been set for the driving rules, the obligations and responsibilities of the drivers. In South Korea, the school bus that picks up and collects children's classes and schools has a protected status on the road and is legally guaranteed. The Korean Road Traffic Law stipulates that when a vehicle carrying a preschool child or student stops on the road, the driver of the car driving on the parking road or on the roadside must stop first, and wait until the parking indicator of the student car gradually disappears, confirming the safety. Then drive slowly. The law also stipulates that all vehicles must not overtake when driving with children; school buses can be used on bus-only routes, and priority should be given to school buses when encountering small traffic accidents; when carrying children under 6 years of age You must wear a seat belt inside the car. If you violate the regulations, you will be fined 30,000 won. Kindergartens, primary schools, schools for the disabled, and nurseries will be classified as "children's protection zones." More than 30 kilometers per hour. The Road Traffic Law also stipulates that when a school bus picks up a child, there should be a lecturer, a special school teacher, a childcare worker, a sports facility administrator, and other relevant protection workers. South Korea’s motor vehicle application for becoming a school bus is relatively strict. First, it applies to the local police station and obtains a certificate of approval. The school bus driver or operator must affix the approved certificate to the right side of the front glass to begin operation. Vehicles that are not approved may not imitate the color of the school bus or make similar marks, and may not undertake the work of picking up students. The car owners have changed the model and internal structure, and also put forward strict requirements, including a set of application procedures, including the submission of necessary materials for the inspection of traffic safety vehicles, the comprehensive renovation certificate, the vehicle structure inspection certificate, and the declaration of the police station inspection certificate. and many more. South Korea also has specific requirements for the school bus itself. For preschool children and students, the color of the "protected car" is uniformly yellow; the height of the first step of the door is 30 cm; the height of the second step is 20 cm; the right side of the front glass and the center of the rear of the car are affixed with "child protection vehicles". "The school bus should clarify the owner of the car. If there is a partnership operator, it must be explained; the school bus must be integrated into the insurance; the seat belt must conform to the child's body shape; the vehicle doors and windows must be open; the folding chair should not be placed inside the car.