User:Qoou.Anonimu/APWH/1750-1914/Teo/Stearns

France

Nationalism surfaced in France during the revolution. At its height, the French Empire controlled most of western Europe. The failed invasion of Russia in 1812 caused a coalition led by Britain to crush Napoleon definitely by 1815. The French Empire encouraged Nationalism in Europe. The Congress of Vienna in 1815 tried to restore the old European balance of power.

Rest of Europe

The Italian state of Piedmont conquered northern Italian provinces that were under Austrian rule and caused nationalist rebellions throughout Italy, which allowed Piedmont to unite most of Italy. By 1870, all of Italy was united. The Prussian general Bismark found a pretext for war against Austria in 1866, and used the resulting nationalistic fervor to create the North German Confederation. A war with France in 1871 made Prussia control about the same territories as modern-day Germany. By 1907, Germany, Austria, and Italy formed the Triple Alliance, while Britain, Russia, and France formed the Triple Entente. A cold war began. Nationalism in Austria caused numerous small rebellions. Balkan nationalism became increasingly unstable. (The assassination of an Austrian archduke by a Serbian caused Austria to declare war on Serbia, causing Russia to declare war on Austria, causing Germany to declare war on France, causing Britain to declare war on both Germany and Austria, causing Japan to declare war on Germany, all this happening in a few months.)

America/Asia/Africa

The Dutch had Java and surrounding Indonesian islands. Many Africans fiercely resisted colonization. Same as Bentley for division of Africa. Many Europeans migrated to colonies around the world and destroyed the natives. The US started looking south after its civil war. After the Spanish-American war, the US took control of Cuba and Puerto Rico and became increasingly involved in Latin American politics. The US backed a Panaman revolutionary group that then allowed them to build the Panama canal.