User:Queensarms0/sandbox

Modulation
Modifiers bind with Cys-Loop receptors in the following three sites within the transmembrane domain: in one subunit, between adjacent subunits, and in the center of the pentameric pore formation. The binding of these modifiers affects varying receptor functions involved in physiological learning and memory, neurological disorders, and drug targeting. This effect depends on the type of modification (phosphorylation, fatty acid, or cannabinoid (CB)) and the type of receptor.

nAChR
nACh receptors are found commonly on presynaptic terminals, cell bodies, dendrites of neuronal subtypes, glia, blood cells, keratinocytes, endothelial cells, and multiple digestive system and lung cells. They normally function in sensing pain, sleep patterns, appetite, learning, mental rewards systems, regulating synaptic transmission and plasticity, memory, autonomous action, and neuromuscular relaxation. Phosphorylation of nAChRs relates to nicotine addiction, Alzheimer's Disease, and schizophrenia. Unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic) potentiate nAChRs function while endogenous cannabinoids, specifically arachidonic acid (AA) provide inhibitory negative feedback. An AA derivative, Anandamide (AEA) directly interacts with the receptor in a reversible and non-competitive manner.

GABAAR
GABAA receptors are found throughout the central nervous system. They normally function in major anesthetic actions and are essential for maintaining hormonal neurotransmission in the brain. They are a common target for therapeutic drugs, including barbituates, steroids, anesthetics, benzodiazapine, alcohols, and picrotoxin. Phosphoylation of GABAAR is involved in epilepsy, anxiety, forms of addiction, and anaesthesia. Fatty acids inhibit function (linoleic acid inhibits in a concentration dependent manner), and while AA inhibit as well, AEA has no effect.

GlyR
Gly receptors are found in the central nervous system, particularly within the brain stem and spinal cord. They normally function in regulating pain, respiration, motor function, development, and reward systems. Phosphorylation correlates to chronic inflammatory pain, and alkaloid strychnine acts as a competitive antagonist, causing agitation, muscle spasms, and convulsions. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) potentiates GlyR along with AEA and other cannabinoids, releasing dopamine, which is involved in drug addiction.

5-HT3
5-HT3 receptors are found in both postsynaptic and presynaptic neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems, primarily in the brain stem. They normally function in neurotransmitter release, rewards systems, anxiety, psychosis, nociception, cognitive function, sensory processing, cardiovascular regulation, and gut function. They are inhibited by AEA and THC, inducing antinociceptince, antiemetic effects, and irritable bowel syndrome.