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Below is a list of African American women who have earned a doctoral degree in computer science.These women work in industry, academia, government, and non-profit organizations around the world.[1] A

Monica Anderson, Ph.D., Computer Science and Engineering (2006), University of Minnesota

Shermane Austin, Ph.D., Computer Science (1993) City University of New York [19]

B

Kera Z. Bell Watkins, Ph.D., Computer Science and Software Engineering (2006), North Carolina State University

Constance Bland, Ph.D., Computer Science (1998) University of Mississippi [20]

Albanie Bolton, Ph. D., Computer Science and Software Engineering (2014) Auburn University [21]

Sherri Braxton Leiber, D. Sc. Computer Science (2000) George Washington University [22]

Quincy Brown, Ph.D., Computer Science (2009) Drexel University [23]

Jamika D. Burge, Ph.D., Computer Science (2007) Virginia Tech [24]

Vetria Byrd, Ph.D. Computer & Information Sciences (2010) University of Alabama at Birmingham [25]

C

Marietta Cameron, Ph.D. Computer Science (1999) University of Alabama at Birmingham [26]

Robbin Chapman, Ph.D. Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (2006) Massachusetts Institute of Technology [27]

Tamara Clegg, Ph.D., (2010) Georgia Institute of Technology [28] Danielle Cummings, Ph.D., Computer Science (????), Texas A&M University

D

Frances Chevonne Dancer, Ph.D., Computer Science (2012), Mississippi State University

Shaneé Dawkins, Ph.D., Computer Science (2011) Auburn University[12]

Tawanna Dillahunt, Ph.D., Human-Computer Interaction, (2012), Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science[13]

Felicia Doswell, Ph.D., Computer Science (2005), Virginia Tech[14]

E

Amelia Estwick, Ph.D., Computer Science (2011), The George Washington University

Cyntrica Eaton, Ph.D., Computer Science (2008), University of Maryland, College Park[15]

Andrea Edwards, Ph.D., Computer Science (1999), Tulane University

Mary Ellis

Rochelle Elva, Ph.D., Computer Science (2013), University of Central Florida

Wanda Eugene, Ph.D., Computer Science & Software Engineering (2011), Auburn University[16][17]

F

Sherri Frizzel, Ph.D., Computer Science (2003), Auburn University[18]

G

Christina Gardner-McCune, Ph.D., Computer Science (2011), Georgia Institute of Technology[19] Andrea Grimes Parker, Ph.D., Human Centered Computing (2011), Georgia Institute of Technology

H

Christin Hamilton-Shelton, Ph.D., Computer Science & Software Engineering (2012), Auburn University Karen Hare, Ph.D., Computer & Information Science (2008), New Jersey Institute of Technology

Raquel Hill, Ph.D., Computer Science (2002), Harvard University[20]

Cheryl Hinds, Ph.D., Computer Science (2013), Computer Science, University of Idaho

Stacey Hopkins

Mave Houston, Ph.D., Computer Science (2004), Auburn University[21]

Thorna Humphries, Ph.D., Computer Science (2008), University of Colorado at Boulder[22]

J

Jacqueline Jackson, Ph.D., Computer Science & Software Engineering (2000), Auburn University Lethia Jackson, D.Sc., Computer Science, (1998), George Washington University[23]

Demethria Johnson Ramseur, Ph.D., Computer Science & Software Engineering (2001), Auburn University

Elva Jones, North Carolina State University[24][25][26]

Stacey Franklin Jones, D.Sc., Computer Science (1997), George Washington University[27][28]

L

Courtney Lamar, Ph.D., Computer Science (2002), Florida State University

Andrea Lawrence, Ph.D., Computer Science (1993), Georgia Institute of Technology.[29] Dr. Lawrence is the first African American to obtain a Ph.D. in Computer Science from Georgia Tech.[30]

Sheena Lewis-Erete, Ph.D., Technology & Social Behavior (Joint degree in Computer Science & Communication) (2013), Northwestern University

Tracey Lewis-Williams, Ph.D., Computer Science (2004), Virginia Tech.[31][32] Dr. Lewis was the first African American woman to earn a doctorate degree in Computer Science from Virginia Tech.

Lynda Louis, Ph.D., Computer Science (2002), Nova Southeastern University

Rose Lowe, Ph.D.,Computer Science (????), Clemson University[33]

M

Brandeis H. Marshall, PhD., Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (2007). Dr. Marshall is an Associate Professor of Computer Science in the Computer and Information Sciences Department at Spelman College. After obtaining her doctorate, she completed a postdoc at Purdue University's Cyberinfrastructure Center (2007-2008). She was an Assistant Professor in Computer and Information Technology at Purdue (2008-2014), earning promotion and tenure in April 2014.[51]

Aqueasha Martin Hammond, Ph.D., Computer Science (2014), Clemson University. Dr. Hammond is a Postdoctoral Research Associate in the Department of Information Systems at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. She is exploring the design of assistive technology for people that find it challenging to use a pointing device to navigate an interface.[35]

Tammara Massey JeanPaul, Ph.D., Computer Science (2009), University of California, Los Angeles[36]

Yolanda McMillan, Ph.D., Computer Science (2010), Auburn University[37]

Kyla McMullen, Ph.D., Computer Science (2013), University of Michigan. Dr. McMullan was the first African American woman to receive a Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of Michigan.[38]

Idongesit Mkpong-Ruffin, Ph.D., Computer Science & Software Engineering (2008), Auburn University[39]

Loretta Moore, Ph.D., Computer Science (2001), Illinois Institute of Technology[40][41]

Deidra Morrison, Ph.D., Computer Science (2009), Northwestern University[42]

Jean Muhammad, Ph.D., Computer Science (2005), Florida State University[43]

N

P

R

Yolanda Rankin, Ph.D., Computer Science (2008), Northwestern University

Phillipa Rhodes Brown, Ph.D., Computer Science (2007), The University of Georgia

S

Cheryl Seals, Ph.D., Computer Science (2004), Virginia Tech

Tiki Suarez Brown, Ph.D., Computer Science (2001), Florida State University

Cheryl Swanier, Ph.D., Computer Science (2013), Auburn University[44]

Latanya Sweeny, Ph.D., Computer Science (2001), Massachusetts Institute of Technology[45]

T

April Tanner, Ph.D., Computer Science (2010), Mississippi State University

Valerie Taylor, Ph.D., Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences (1991), University of California at Berkeley[46]

Jakita Thomas, Ph.D. Computer Science (2006), Georgia Institute of Technology

W

Aisha Walcott Bryant, Ph.D., Computer Science (2011), Massachusetts Institute of Technology Gloria Washington, Ph.D., Computer Science (2011), The George Washington University

Nicki Washington, Ph.D., Computer Science (2005), North Carolina State University

Briana Wellman, Ph.D., Computer Science (2011), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa

Gleneesha Williams, Ph.D., Computer Science (2014), University of Maryland, College Park

Philicity K. Williams, Ph.D., Computer Science & Software Engineering (2010), Auburn University

Marsha R. Williams, Ph.D., Computer Science (1982), Vanderbilt University

Tiffani Williams, Ph.D., Computer Science (2000), University of Central Florida.

Dale Marie Wilson, Ph.D., Computer Science (2006), Auburn University

Marcella Wilson, Ph.D., Computer Science (2008), University of Maryland, Baltimore County. Dr. Wilson is the first African-American female to obtain a doctorate in Computer Science from UMBC.

Draft:African American women in computer science From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Early pioneers in computing were African American women, such as Katherine Johnson,[1] who was hired by NASA[2] and worked on the flight path for the first mission into space in 1961. Though she co-authored 26 scientific papers, the practice in 1960 was to not list the female contributors as formal co-authors. Thus, the fact that she was listed as an author in a peer-reviewed NASA report is significant. In addition to the contributions of Katherine Johnson, there were African American women, such as the ENIAC programmers[3] who programmed the first digital computer for the US Army, whose stories were (and are still) lost. Given the dearth of information regarding the contributions of women in early computer science, it is reasonable to believe that in addition to the contributions of Katherine Johnson, there are other African American women whose stories have been lost; though they have made significant contributions to computer science and society.[4]

Though the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) was founded in 1947 it was not until 1969 that Clarence "Skip" Ellis[5] became the first African American to earn a doctorate degree in Computer Science. It was not until 10 years later that an African American women earned a doctorate in Computer Science. One of the first women to have earned a doctorate degree in Computer Science was Marsha R. Williams[6] who obtained her degree from Vanderbilt University in 1982.

In the mid-1980s, the representation of women in Computer Science peaked at approximately 40%.[7][8] The decline in the representation of women has been attributed to the increased marketing of personal computers and video games to boys. Though there has been a decline in women of different races in the United States, the representation of African American women has remained consistently lower than that of their female peers. For example, in 1985 when the number of women in computing was at a high, 77% of the degrees were earned by White women while fewer than 8% were earned by African American women.[9] In 2002, 1.3% of the doctorate degrees earned were awarded to African American women. Statistics

The representation of African American women in Computer Science has been historically low and is well documented,[10][11][12][13][14] The Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System[9] (IPEDS) reports the following data: Computer Science Degree Completion Rates for African American and White Women (from IPEDS Completion Survey by Race) Year 	African American Women (degrees) 	White Women (BS/MS/PhD degrees) 1977 	139 (BS), 26(MS), 0 (PhD) 	1,275 (BS), 364 (MS), 18 (PhD) 1987 	1,536 (BS), 81 (MS), 1 (PhD) 	9,388 (BS), 1,488 (MS), 40 (PhD) 1997 	1,179 (BS), 182 (MS), 1 (PhD) 	3,599 (BS), 965 (MS), 66 (PhD) 2007 	1,624 (BS), 345 (MS), 12 (PhD) 	3,620 (BS), 1,141 (MS), 81 (PhD)

Between 1977 and 2013 (the years in which data has been recorded by the NCES), the greatest number of African American women to earn a doctorate degree in Computer Science in one year was 10 (2008).

In 2012, the Computing Research Association (CRA) Taulbee Survey reported there were "merely 56 Black/African American computer science tenure-track faculty members at PhD-granting institutions, which includes 12 (or 0.6%), 21 (or 1.4%), and 23 (or 3.0%) Full, Associate, and Assistant Professors, respectively."[1]

A 2010–2011 survey of Computer Science degrees awarded in US institutions found that of the 1,456 PhDs awarded in the period, only 16 (1.2%) were awarded to African-Americans.[15][16] In 2013, of the 1,563 computer science PhD's awarded, only 19 were to African-Americans.[17]

Below is a list of African American women who have earned a doctoral degree in computer science.These women work in industry, academia, government, and non-profit organizations around the world.[18] Contents :

Top 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

Monica Anderson, Ph.D., Computer Science and Engineering (2006), University of Minnesota

Shermane Austin, Ph.D., Computer Science (1993) City University of New York [19]

B

Kera Z. Bell Watkins, Ph.D., Computer Science and Software Engineering (2006), North Carolina State University

Constance Bland, Ph.D., Computer Science (1998) University of Mississippi [20]

Albanie Bolton, Ph. D., Computer Science and Software Engineering (2014) Auburn University [21]

Sherri Braxton Leiber, D. Sc. Computer Science (2000) George Washington University [22]

Quincy Brown, Ph.D., Computer Science (2009) Drexel University [23]

Jamika D. Burge, Ph.D., Computer Science (2007) Virginia Tech [24]

Vetria Byrd, Ph.D. Computer & Information Sciences (2010) University of Alabama at Birmingham [25]

C

Marietta Cameron, Ph.D. Computer Science (1999) University of Alabama at Birmingham [26]

Robbin Chapman, Ph.D. Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (2006) Massachusetts Institute of Technology [27]

Tamara Clegg, Ph.D., (2010) Georgia Institute of Technology [28] Danielle Cummings, Ph.D., Computer Science (????), Texas A&M University

D

Frances Chevonne Dancer, Ph.D., Computer Science (2012), Mississippi State University

Shaneé Dawkins, Ph.D., Computer Science (2011) Auburn University[29]

Tawanna Dillahunt, Ph.D., Human-Computer Interaction, (2012), Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science[30]

Felicia Doswell, Ph.D., Computer Science (2005), Virginia Tech[31]

E

Amelia Estwick, Ph.D., Computer Science (2011), The George Washington University

Cyntrica Eaton, Ph.D., Computer Science (2008), University of Maryland, College Park[32]

Andrea Edwards, Ph.D., Computer Science (1999), Tulane University

Mary Ellis

Rochelle Elva, Ph.D., Computer Science (2013), University of Central Florida

Wanda Eugene, Ph.D., Computer Science & Software Engineering (2011), Auburn University[33][34]

F

Sherri Frizzel, Ph.D., Computer Science (2003), Auburn University[35]

G

Christina Gardner-McCune, Ph.D., Computer Science (2011), Georgia Institute of Technology[36] Andrea Grimes Parker, Ph.D., Human Centered Computing (2011), Georgia Institute of Technology

H

Christin Hamilton-Shelton, Ph.D., Computer Science & Software Engineering (2012), Auburn University Karen Hare, Ph.D., Computer & Information Science (2008), New Jersey Institute of Technology

Raquel Hill, Ph.D., Computer Science (2002), Harvard University[37]

Cheryl Hinds, Ph.D., Computer Science (2013), Computer Science, University of Idaho

Stacey Hopkins

Mave Houston, Ph.D., Computer Science (2004), Auburn University[38]

Thorna Humphries, Ph.D., Computer Science (2008), University of Colorado at Boulder[39]

J

Jacqueline Jackson, Ph.D., Computer Science & Software Engineering (2000), Auburn University Lethia Jackson, D.Sc., Computer Science, (1998), George Washington University[40]

Demethria Johnson Ramseur, Ph.D., Computer Science & Software Engineering (2001), Auburn University

Elva Jones, North Carolina State University[41][42][43]

Stacey Franklin Jones, D.Sc., Computer Science (1997), George Washington University[44][45]

L

Courtney Lamar, Ph.D., Computer Science (2002), Florida State University

Andrea Lawrence, Ph.D., Computer Science (1993), Georgia Institute of Technology.[46] Dr. Lawrence is the first African American to obtain a Ph.D. in Computer Science from Georgia Tech.[47]

Sheena Lewis-Erete, Ph.D., Technology & Social Behavior (Joint degree in Computer Science & Communication) (2013), Northwestern University

Tracey Lewis-Williams, Ph.D., Computer Science (2004), Virginia Tech.[48][49] Dr. Lewis was the first African American woman to earn a doctorate degree in Computer Science from Virginia Tech.

Lynda Louis, Ph.D., Computer Science (2002), Nova Southeastern University

Rose Lowe, Ph.D.,Computer Science (????), Clemson University[50]

M

Brandeis H. Marshall, PhD., Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (2007). Dr. Marshall is an Associate Professor of Computer Science in the Computer and Information Sciences Department at Spelman College. After obtaining her doctorate, she completed a postdoc at Purdue University's Cyberinfrastructure Center (2007-2008). She was an Assistant Professor in Computer and Information Technology at Purdue (2008-2014), earning promotion and tenure in April 2014.[51]

Aqueasha Martin Hammond, Ph.D., Computer Science (2014), Clemson University. Dr. Hammond is a Postdoctoral Research Associate in the Department of Information Systems at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. She is exploring the design of assistive technology for people that find it challenging to use a pointing device to navigate an interface.[52]

Tammara Massey JeanPaul, Ph.D., Computer Science (2009), University of California, Los Angeles[53]

Yolanda McMillan, Ph.D., Computer Science (2010), Auburn University[54]

Kyla McMullen, Ph.D., Computer Science (2013), University of Michigan. Dr. McMullan was the first African American woman to receive a Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of Michigan.[55]

Idongesit Mkpong-Ruffin, Ph.D., Computer Science & Software Engineering (2008), Auburn University[56]

Loretta Moore, Ph.D., Computer Science (2001), Illinois Institute of Technology[57][58]

Deidra Morrison, Ph.D., Computer Science (2009), Northwestern University[59]

Jean Muhammad, Ph.D., Computer Science (2005), Florida State University[60]

N P R

Yolanda Rankin, Ph.D., Computer Science (2008), Northwestern University

Phillipa Rhodes Brown, Ph.D., Computer Science (2007), The University of Georgia

S

Cheryl Seals, Ph.D., Computer Science (2004), Virginia Tech

Tiki Suarez Brown, Ph.D., Computer Science (2001), Florida State University

Cheryl Swanier, Ph.D., Computer Science (2013), Auburn University[61]

Latanya Sweeny, Ph.D., Computer Science (2001), Massachusetts Institute of Technology[62]

T

April Tanner, Ph.D., Computer Science (2010), Mississippi State University

Valerie Taylor, Ph.D., Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences (1991), University of California at Berkeley[63]

Jakita Thomas, Ph.D. Computer Science (2006), Georgia Institute of Technology

W

Aisha Walcott Bryant, Ph.D., Computer Science (2011), Massachusetts Institute of Technology Gloria Washington, Ph.D., Computer Science (2011), The George Washington University

Nicki Washington, Ph.D., Computer Science (2005), North Carolina State University

Briana Wellman, Ph.D., Computer Science (2011), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa

Gleneesha Williams, Ph.D., Computer Science (2014), University of Maryland, College Park

Philicity K. Williams, Ph.D., Computer Science & Software Engineering (2010), Auburn University

Marsha R. Williams, Ph.D., Computer Science (1982), Vanderbilt University

Tiffani Williams, Ph.D., Computer Science (2000), University of Central Florida.

Dale Marie Wilson, Ph.D., Computer Science (2006), Auburn University

Marcella Wilson, Ph.D., Computer Science (2008), University of Maryland, Baltimore County. Dr. Wilson is the first African-American female to obtain a doctorate in Computer Science from UMBC.

See also

List of computer scientists List of African American women in STEM fields

References

"Katherine Johnson". 2015-03-28T12:38:15Z. Retrieved 2015-04-15. Check date values in: |date= (help) "Katherine Johnson - NasaCRgis". crgis.ndc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2015-04-15. "ENIAC Programmers Project". ENIAC Programmers Project. Retrieved 2015-04-15. "Focus on Women of Color |". www.cdc-computing.org. Retrieved 2015-04-15. "Clarence Ellis (computer scientist)". 2015-02-11T23:49:38Z. Retrieved 2015-04-15. Check date values in: |date= (help) Williams, Marsha Rhea (1982). "The design of the Computer Assisted Query Language (CAQL) System". Retrieved 2015-04-15. "The Forgotten Female Programmers Who Created Modern Tech". Retrieved 2015-04-15. "Women in computing". 2015-04-12T00:59:47Z. Retrieved 2015-04-15. Check date values in: |date= (help) "ncsesdata.nsf.gov – WebCASPAR|Home – US National Science Foundation (NSF)". ncsesdata.nsf.gov. Retrieved 2015-04-15. Hodari, Apriel; Ong, Maria; Ko, Lily T.; Kachchaf, Rachel R. (2014). "New enactments of mentoring and activism: U.S. women of color in computing education and careers". Proceedings of the tenth annual conference on International computing education research: 83–90. Retrieved 15 April 2015. Ong, Maria (July 2011). "The status of women of color in computer science". Communications of the ACM 54 (7): 32–34. Frenkel, Karen A. "Women and computing". ACM Digital Library. ACM. Retrieved 15 April 2015. Dryburgh, Heather (2000). "Underrepresentation Of Girls And Women In Computer Science: Classification OF 1990s Research" (PDF). J. EDUCATIONAL COMPUTING RESEARCH, 23 (2): 181–202. Retrieved 15 April 2015. Taylor, Valerie. "Women of color in computing" (34(2)). ACM. ACM SIGCSE Bulletin. Retrieved 15 April 2015. Brannon, Jody (January 15, 2013). "Black Women Computer-Science Ph.D.s? Guess What Percent". National Journal. Zweben, Stuart (2011). "Computing Degree and Enrollment Trends from the 2010-2011 CRA Taulbee Survey" (PDF). Computing Research Association. Fiegener, Mark K. (December 2014). "TABLE 22. Doctorate recipients, by citizenship status, ethnicity, race, and subfield of study: 2013" (PDF). Science and Engineering Doctorates. National Science Foundation. Retrieved April 14, 2015. This list is based in part on a list compiled by Dr. Scott Williams, Professor of Mathematics at State University of New York at Buffalo: "Computer Scientists of the African Diaspora". SUNY Buffalo - Mathematicians of the African Diaspora. 2008. Retrieved 2015-02-25. As of 2008, Dr. Scott considered his list to be a complete list of all the known African Americans holding PhDs in computer science. Shermane Austin Constance Bland Albanie Bolton Sherri Braxton Leiber Quincy Brown Jamika D. Burge Vetria Byrd Marietta Cameron Robbin Chapman Tamara Clegg "Shanee Dawkins". Shanee Dawkins. Retrieved February 25, 2015. "Tawanna Dillahunt". Tawanna Dillahunt. Retrieved February 25, 2015. "Dr. Felicia Doswell". Retrieved February 25, 2015. "Dr. Cyntrica Eaton". Dr. Cyntrica Eaton. Retrieved February 25, 2015. "Wanda Eugene, PhD". Wanda Eugene, PhD. Retrieved February 25, 2015. "People - HCC Lab People Page". People - HCC Lab People Page. Retrieved February 25, 2015. "Sherri Frizell". Sherri Frizell. Retrieved February 25, 2015. "Christina Gardner-McCune". Retrieved February 25, 2015. "Raquel L. Hill". Retrieved February 26, 2015. "Mave Houston". "Dr. Thorna Humphries". "Dr. Lethia Jackson". "Dr. Elva Jones". "Dr. Elva Jones". "50 Most Important African Americans in Technology". November 28, 2009. Retrieved March 7, 2015. "Dr. Stacey Franklin Jones". "Dr. Stacey Franklin Jones". "Dr. Andrea Lawerence". "Dr. Andrea Lawrence". "Dr. Tracy Lewis-Williams, Ph.D.". "Dr. Tracey Lewis". "Dr. Rose Lowe". Brandeis Marshall "Dr. Aqueasha Martin Hammond". "Dr. Tammara Massey JeanPaul". "Beyond Stock Stories and Folktales: African Americans' Paths to STEM Fields, page 319". Tom, Brittany (2013-01-14). "1st black female computer science PhD student at Univ. of Michigan reveals lack of role models". theGrio. Retrieved 2015-02-25. "Dr. Idongesit Mkpong-Ruffin". "Dr. Loretta Moore". "Dr. Loretta Moore". "Dr. Deidra J. Morrison". "Hampton University Hosting National Computing Conference". "White House Champions of Change". Retrieved March 3, 2015. "A Little Privacy Please, Scientific American". Retrieved March 4, 2015. "Valerie Taylor | The HistoryMakers". Retrieved March 4, 2015.