User:R.N.M.R.1/Prophetic mission

Before reaching the age of forty and being entrusted with the message, Muhammad was known as the Messenger and Prophet of Islam as an example of physical, intellectual, and moral perfection, as Maxim Rodinson mentions in his book Muhammad. His good manners earned him the respect of everyone, as he was known for his rejection of idolatry and pagan practices, which Mecca was one of its centers in the region. Since the beginning of the Muhammadan call, his wife Khadija supported him in his call. The invitation began with addressing the family and friends on the subject of this new religion, complementing and complementing what preceded it. Some were convinced by him and supported Muhammad in him and the others turned away from him.

Revelation
Muhammad used to go to the cave of Hira in Jabal Al-Nour, about two miles from Mecca, to take Al-Suwaiq and water with him, and stay there during the month of Ramadan. And he used to be alone in it before the Qur’an was revealed to him through the Secretary of Revelation Gabriel, and he would spend his time in contemplation and meditation.

The books of the Prophet's biography mention that the revelation was first revealed to Muhammad while he was in the cave of Hira, where the revelation came to Gabriel, so he said: Read, he said: “I am not a reciter” - meaning I do not know how to read. He said: “So he took me and covered me until the effort reached me, then he sent me »He said: Read, I said:“ I am not a reciter. ”He said:“ He took me and covered me with the second until I reached the effort, then he sent me. ”He said: Read, so I said:“ I am not a reader, so he took me and he covered me the third, then he sent me. ”Then he said: Read In the name of your Lord who created 96 [96: 1] He created man out of clot 96 [2: 96] Read and your Lord the Most Generous (96: 3) He who taught (96: 3) : 5]. Then Muhammad realized that he had to repeat these words behind Gabriel, and he returned with them, his heart trembling, so he entered upon his wife Khadija, and said: “Join me with me,” so they joined him until the horror was gone, so he said to his wife Khadija: “What do I have?” The news told her, “I feared for myself,” and Khadija said: “No, God never disgraces you. You reach the womb, bear everything, win the poor, recognize the guest, and assist in the misfortunes of truth.” So Khadija went with him to her cousin Waraqah bin Nofal He was a scholar who had become victorious before Islam, and he used to write the Hebrew book, writing from the Bible in Hebrew, and he was a great sheikh who told him what he saw, so he said to him a paper: “This is the law that God revealed to Moses.” The revelation came to him another Gabriel sitting on a chair between heaven and earth, so he fled from him in terror until he plunged to the earth. So he went to his wife Khadija and said: “They cover me, cover me up, and pour cold water on me.” So warn (2: 74) And bless you, and grow (3:74) ثج (4: 74) (74: 5) .These verses are the beginning of his message for a year, then the revelation begins. His death. And in a narration mentioned in Tabaqat Ibn Saad, Tarikh al-Tabari, and al-Bukhari's statements; After the death of Waraqah ibn Nawfal, the revelation was interrupted, and Muhammad became so depressed and sad that he contemplated suicide by throwing himself from the tops of the mountains, but whenever he reached the top of a mountain to cast himself, Gabriel would appear to him and say to him: “Oh Muhammad, you are truly the Messenger of God. “He calms down and withdraws, but he used to repeat it whenever the revelation was interrupted. But the Sunni opinion, which considers suicide forbidden in Islam, denies the occurrence of this incident, as Al-Azhar scholars denied this story in their book “The Facts of Islam in the Face of the Skeptics”, because Al-Waqidi among Hadith scholars is “forbidden to hadith”, and secondly, Al-Tabari’s narration is It is attributed to a document and is based on its difference with other narrations, and thirdly, the mention of this incident was mentioned under among the reports of Bukhari, which means that it is only a report that was reported, which is what the scholars consider is not among the hadiths as authentic as the chain of narration or the text that Bukhari produced in his Sahih. Moreover, this communication is not linked to the Prophet Muhammad. The narration of thinking about suicide because of the delay in revelation was not valid, and the increase in Al-Bukhari is not attributed to the correct one because it is not in accordance with his conditions, and Al-Bukhari proved it to be from the words of Al-Zuhri and no other than it.

Early Muslims
Those who had previously converted to Islam, Khadija bint Khuwaylid, and his cousin Ali bin Abi Talib, who was a ten-year-old boy who lived under Muhammad’s sponsorship and embraced Islam for a year after the prophethood. Then his master, the companion Zaid bin Haritha, and his friend Abu Bakr converted to Islam in the early days of the call. The invitation continued in secret for a period of three years, then the revelation was revealed, tasking the Messenger to announce the invitation and make it public.

The position of the Quraysh leaders
According to Ibn Saad, Quraysh did not oppose Muhammad in his call until after verses were revealed denouncing idols and their worship. While the commentators of the Qur’an and some biographers maintain that the opposition coincided with the start of the open call to Islam. The increase in the number of adherents of Islam also posed a threat to the religious life system in Makkah, which negatively affects the economic power of the Quraish that it derives from protecting the Kaaba and its idols, serving the pilgrims and their flock to Medina, so Muhammad’s call posed a threat to the demise of their authority. The great merchants of Quraysh made an offer to Muhammad to abandon his invitation - and in Ibn Saad’s account to stop cursing their gods - in exchange for his participation in the trade and entering into their ranks, and marrying their daughters to build his position among them, but he refused. So they offered him to worship their gods Sunnah and worship God Sunnah according to the history of al-Tabari, so he told them that he would wait for the command of God, then the verses were revealed: Say the disbelievers I do not worship what you worship ﴾, just as the verses were revealed: Say God will change you order me to worship you ignorant to the verse: bl So worship and be of the thankful.

Then they resorted to distorting his image in order to keep people away from him. They said on the authority of Muhammad: He suffers from some kind of insanity, and they said: He has a jinn or a demon that descends on him as jinn and demons descend upon the priests, and they said a poet, and they said a magician, and they worked to prevent people from hearing the Qur’an, and most of their suspicions revolved around the monotheism of God, then his message Then he resurrected the dead, spread them out, and squeezed them on the Day of Resurrection, and the Qur’an responded to all of their suspicions about monotheism. But when they saw that these methods had no use in thwarting the Islamic call, they consulted among themselves, and decided to torture the Muslims. So every president tortured those from his tribe condemning Islam, and they confronted those who would convert to Islam with torture, beatings, flogging and ironing. Until the matter came to Muhammad himself hurting him and hit him and pelted him with stones many times and put thorns in his way.

When the affliction intensified against the Muslims, the Messenger Muhammad, that God authorized them to immigrate to Abyssinia in the year 615 AD, then the companion Othman bin Affan went out with his wife Ruqayya bint Muhammad, and Kharjabi Abu Hatib bin Amr, then the companions Jaafar bin Abi Talib left, and they were about 80 men.

Al-Tabari said that Muhammad “was keen on the goodness of his people in love for their approach, and it was difficult for his people to boycott him and turn them away from him.” Al-Tabari quoted a narration on the authority of Ibn Hamid on the authority of Muhammad bin Kaab al-Qurazi in which it was said: “The Prophet Muhammad wished that God would descend upon him nearly Between him and his people, he used to pray the Muslims with Surah al-Najm, and when he finished: Shaitan and the dear [53:19] And the third and last hope [53:20] the interpretation of Satan on his tongue the hand -or Many and Al-Qurtubi - words, namely: “Those are the Cranes of Al-Ula, and if I intercede with them to hope”, until he completed the surah, then he prostrated, and the Muslims prostrated with him and everyone who was in the mosque from the Quraysh and all who heard that. The novel says that Muhammad has withdrawn later that part melancholy and feared an intense fear of God, but he pardoned him and revealed to him the verses: )oma sent a messenger to you nor a prophet unless he wished the devil threw in his wish Vinsch what God cast Satan and then governs God verses, and Allah is Knowing Wise ﴾[22:52]. This incident is known as the story of the Cranes, which was mentioned by some historians such as Ibn Saad, Al-Tabari, Ibn Al-Atheer and Ibn Al-Mutahhar. However, the narration mentioned in Sahih al-Bukhari: Part 2 / p. 32 without mentioning the incident of the Greeks: “On the authority of Abdullah, the Prophet said: The Prophet read the star in Mecca, and he prostrated in it and those who were with him prostrate, other than a sheikh who took a palm of pebbles or dirt and raised it to his forehead and said that this is enough for me, then I saw him after that He killed an unbeliever », and it is the narration that was supported by Ibn Katheer, who considered the story of the Cranes to be mursal and its chain of transmission is incorrect. The official Sunni opinion agrees with him, which he considers a false story of the status of heretics, and others have mentioned another reason for the polytheists' prostrations other than the story of the cranes, such as Alusi, who said that their prostration was not due to the praise of their gods, but to their surprise and fear they made when they heard the surah in which he mentioned how God destroyed the previous people for their denial Their prophets were like the people of Aad, Thamud and Noah, and from the severity of the miracles and their fear, they felt that this would happen with them. In Makkah until they migrated to Medina.

Quraysh province for Muslims
When Islam spread and spread, the leaders of the Quraysh agreed to boycott Bani Hashim and Bani al-Muttalib, the son of Abd al-Manaf. So he sided with the people, the Banu Hashim and the Banu Muttalib, whether Muslims or non-Muslims, except for Abu Lahab, for it is apparent from the Quraysh. The boycott lasted for nearly three years, and no one in the people brought them closer. Then people from the Quraysh sought to denounce that newspaper, so the person responsible for that was Hisham bin Amr, and the Quraysh answered him, and Muhammad told them that God had sent on that eating newspaper and ate all that was in it except the places in which God mentioned.

The year of sadness
His wife, Khadija, and his uncle Abu Talib - the biggest supporter and backer of Muhammad - died in 619 CE, and he was called the year of grief. So Abu Lahab took over the leadership of Bani Hashem after Abu Talib, and after that the protection of Bani Hashem for Muhammad diminished, and the Quraish’s harm increased to him. This prompted him to go out to Al-Taif to invite them, hoping to shelter him and support him over his people, but they hurt him and threw stones at him and refused his invitation, and only Tafil bin Amr Al-Dossi was recognized (who called his people and converted some of them and resided in his country until Khaybar conquered and then brought them in about eighty homes). Muhammad returned to Mecca under the protection of al-Mutam` ibn Uday. According to the Islamic belief, the angels offered to the Prophet Muhammad to destroy the people of Taif, but he refused and said: “May people emerge from their kinship saying that God is our Lord.”