User:Radh/American artists and writers abroad and from abroad

Only notes, no Wikipedia article.

Many of the most famous American artists in the Twentieth Century were immigrants, Willem de Kooning, Mark Rothko, or sons of immigrants like Barnett Newman or Andy Warhol. Marcel Duchamp, a French citizen, lived in New York for over forty years. W. H. Auden became an U.S. citizen, but many who had fled the Nazi-German war went back as fast as possible after 1945.

Since the European settlement of America began, there always has been a sizable, if not much publicized, group of people who re-emigrated sooner or later. Writers coming and leaving include Vladimir Nabokov, the son of emigrees from Russia, who left the USA after his success in Europe and went to Switzerland. Greece born Lafcadio Hearn is famous not for his interesting work in the Southern United States, but only for his move to Japan.

Ezra Pound left early for London, Paris and then Rapello and was only forced to return to the USA after the liberation of Italy by American troops in World War II. He went back to Europe after serving his time for treason. Henry James and T. S. Eliot went to London and became British citizens, while U.S. citizen Julien Green lived all his live in France and published his books in French. In the 1920 the so-called Lost Generation, Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway and many others lived in France for some years, joining Edith Wharton and Gertrude Stein. Pearl S. Buck and... lived in China. After the Second World War Greece, Rome, but also Kyoto in Japan drew american writers and artists, as well as Paris and Tangiers (Paul Bowles, Jane Bowles). Brion Gysin, born a Canadian citizen, changed his citizenship to fight in the U.S. Army and lived in Paris and Marocco most of the time. The Afro-American writers Richard Wright, Chester Himes and James Baldwin emigrated to european countries and lived in France, France and Spain and France and Switzerland. Some science fiction writers went to London in the Swinging 60's'' and so did some stars of 1960s rock music, like Jimmy Hendrix. John Hawkes' important, if not well known first novel The Cannibal (1949) is obviously based on his experiences in World War II, as is Kurt Vonneguts Slaughterhouse Five, one of the surprisingly few works of quality fiction dealing with the bombing of German cities by British or American bomber planes.


 * 1a. The Immigrants to the USA and Canada. The first generation growing up in America, the second generation ("nisei"), third generation (sansei).
 * 2a. Americans who spent some considerable time abroad and then went home again; or: who only visited foreign countries, but with important results for their life and work.
 * 1b. Expats. Americans living abroad.
 * 2b. Long-time Visitors to America; people who work in the US for some considerable time, but do not intend to become citizens; who have fled persecution at home. If they went back to their home-countries or on to other places.


 * 19. Century
 * 1b. Rome, late 1840s. Artist Jasper Cropsey and his family.
 * 1b. Henry James.

Filmdirector Samuel Fuller really belongs to three of those groups: he was the son of two immigrants; a soldier in Europe in the Second World War; he often visited and lived in Europe in the 1960s; and then left the USA for good. He was married to a European actress.
 * After the Second World War.
 * 1a. filmdirectors: Jean-Pierre Gorin
 * 2a. writers: Gary Snyder; Eldridge Cleaver, whos time abroad brought about a complete change in his beliefs
 * 1b. artists: Joan Mitchell, R. B. Kitaj
 * 1b. filmdirectors: Robert Kramer
 * 1b. writers: Sylvia Plath. Married in the U.K..
 * 1b. writers: Mavis Gallard, Nancy Huston (Canadians living in France)