User:Radish Pancake/translation

Zugliano is a town in the province of Vicenza, Veneto, Italy. It is north of SP111.

Name Origins
The toponym "Zugliano" likely derives from the Latin proper name Iulianum, that is fundus Julii or Julianus, which translates to Giulio's or Giuliano's farm.

The name of "Centrale" lends itself to various interpretations: for some it means "center of the valley", for others the ancient name "Cinterale" derives from that of the family that had its fief here.

"Grumolo Pedemonte" probably means "set of small hills (lumps) at the foot of the mountain." It stands on a series of bumps in a pleasant and sheltered position.

Geography
The town is two-thirds hills and its highest point is Monte di Valle (m. 345).

The climate is mild, favorable to vines, olive trees and horticulture. The land is partly cultivated but, on the border with Sarcedo and on the Bregonze near San Rocco and Montecucco, there are also rather extensive wooded areas, where the hornbeam, the black locust , the ash and the downy oak prevail.

Twin towns

 * Agordo

Ancient and Middle Ages
Archaeological finds from the 4th century B.C. suggest that the territory was inhabited by the Venetians and probably passed "the track of the Venetians;" later it was likely inhabited by the vicus romano.

The documentation in this regard, is objectively scarce, while the finds relating to the period of Lombard domination are documented by the discovery of a small necropolis: a dozen warriors buried together with their military equipment.

There are also modest traces of documentation from the eighth and ninth centuries: in this period, presumably the church of Santa Maria arose first and then the churches of Santi Fermo and Rustico and of San Zeno, the latter of which is of Benedictine origin. In the 9th century during the period of the Benedictine religious renewal, many lands were reclaimed.

In 917, the entire territory between the left bank of the Astico and the right bank of the Brenta, including the Asiago plateau, was donated by the emperor Berengario to the bishop Sibicone of Padua, with the obligation to build castles and defense works against the raids of the Hungarians.

The first historical data referring to Zugliano dates back to the year 983 and is represented by a passage from the Privilegium of the bishop of Vicenza Rodolfo, who assigns or confirms to the Benedictines of San Felice huge properties in the area and in which we read in Zullano caxale usum.

The oldest documents do not mention any castles, but traces of one castle is found in some public documents starting from the 13th century. One can now find the name, "castelli et ecclesie sancti Zenonis", which suggests that this castle was built near the Church di San Zeno, in the place that still bears the toponym "Castello". This is confirmed by the fact that the foundations of ancient and solid walls emerged on the hill near the present church. It is also almost certain that the genesis of the castle itself should coincide with the fortification of the primitive church of San Zeno and consequently go back to the 10th century, at the time of the ferocious raids of the Hungarians; this hypothesis seems supported by the observation that San Zeno was in a much safer position than the parish church of Santa Maria, located on the plain and completely exposed.

Nothing is known about the importance and the events of this castle, but it seems that it has never been involved in serious war events and subject to destruction; the hypothesis seems supported by documents of the following centuries: an important "vicinia" took place on 17 August 1494 in contracta castri super ipso castro prope ecclesiam S. Zenonis. Furthermore, a public deed of 1601 was drawn up in the Villa de Zoian in contracta castri penes ecclesiam castri.

It's disappearance may be due to other reasons, perhaps due to the reconstruction of the church of San Zeno or the erection of the underlying Villa Giusti. Its disappearance may also have occurred slowly and gradually in concomitance with the urbanization of the high area overlooking the "della Villa" road.

In the upper part of Zugliano, north of the parish church, there is still a via Castelletto, whose toponym raises the doubt of the existence of another ancient fortification of which, however, no trace exists in the historical sources. No trace remains of the existence of a castle in Centrale either in documents or in finds, but it appears that the bishops of Vicenza, who had jurisdiction here, often granted the castellaticum in their investitures. In a deed of sale of 1315, moreover, there is mention of the lands of Centrale located apud castrum.

A road that departs from the provincial road Thiene-Zugliano and leads to Grumolo is still called castelliere. In ancient times this road was much longer as it connected with the road further down the valley called delle Pescare, and it seems to lead to a fortified settlement located in the area where the Villa Vecchia Maddalena currently stands. Indeed, the villa rests on a vast stalls that could date back to more distant times of the seventeenth century, when it was built, and have formed the basis for an ancient castellíere.

In the fourteenth century, during the period of Scaliger domination, Zugliano was included in the Vicariate of Thiene and in the Capitaniate of Schio. In this town the "da Zojano" family originated, who had great possessions here and probably a house in the locality of Crosara; in Vicenza they had the sepulcher in the Carmini church.

Modern Era
The civil history of this town was linked to Vicenza and the Serenissima; it was also deeply linked to religious history: among the important episodes the gift of the relic of Saint Anthony of Padua, made in 1656 by the canon Dondi dell'Orologio to the Parish and the Municipality; in the second half of the seventeenth century the three visits of Gregorio Barbarigo, bishop of Padua, then canonized.

In that period, certainly not easy for the poor people, the Porto families, also owners of the castle of Thiene, owned the current Palazzo Usci, many lands and two mill wheels on the Astico, which operated an iron hammer and a hammer. copper. They were related to the Thiene counts, to whose family San Gaetano belonged. Subsequently, the assets of Zugliano passed as an inheritance to the Trento family from which Count Ottavio, founder in 1810 of the homonymous institute in San Pietro, in Vicenza, descended.

Important personalities of this era were: Valerio Zugliano, a man of letters who lived between 1400 and 1500; of him remains an oration with which he addressed the emperor Maximilian to stop the abuses of the German troops occupying the Vicenza area, during the war of the League of Cambrai in 1509. Others were Antonio Zojano, Venetian ambassador to the Imperial Court of Innsbruck in 1510, father of Girolamo Zojano, author of a chronicle of Vicenza from the period of the League of Cambrai, and Alessandro Zojano, a man of arms in the service of various governments, towards the middle of the sixteenth century.

Contemporary Era
In the central nineteenth century and Grumolo, municipalities proud of their autonomy for centuries, were merged with Zugliano.

During World War I, the territory of Zugliano was fortified, but given its position sheltered by the Bregonze it was not bombed, indeed Centrale and Grumolo also welcomed refugees from Chiuppano and Carrè, more exposed to the enemy. English, French and above all Italian troops were stationed there; it was also the seat of the field hospital no. 152. The fallen were 67.

During World War II, it had to welcome a German garrison, but the Resistance was active here, led by the young people working in the Mazzini Brigade, which gave no small tribute of blood and sacrifices to the cause of freedom.

In the immediate post-war period, many young people also found themselves unemployed from Zugliano and emigrated. In recent decades, however, thanks to the industriousness of its people, Zugliano has become one of the most important centers of the Alto Vicentino.

Demographics
Demografia/Zugliano