User:Rajofcanada/HREStates/Duchy


 * User:Rajofcanada/HREStates

=Duchy=

Duchy of Arenberg

 * 1576: HRE Princely County of Arenberg
 * 1644: Duchy of Arenberg
 * 1792: In Council of Princes
 * Territorial possessions
 * ?-1794
 * Duchy of Arenberg
 * Lordship of Schleiden
 * Lordship of Kommern
 * Lordship of Kerpen
 * Lordship of Saffenburg
 * Lordship of Kesselburg
 * Lordship of Fleringen
 * Lordship of Gillenfeld
 * 1802-1810
 * Vest Recklinghausen
 * Amt Meppen
 * 1806-1810
 * County of Dulmen


 * References
 * Arenberg History
 * Duchy of Arenberg Web Site
 * HIS DATA: Arenberg

Duchy of Bar

 * ?: County of Bar (-le-Duc) was a fief of the Holy Roman Empire
 * 1301: Count of Bar became a vassal of the Kings of France for the Western part of his possessions (Barrois Mouvant), but he remained a vassal of the Roman Emperors for the Eastern part of his possessions
 * 1354: Duchy of Bar created by John II of France for his son-in-law Robert I of Bar
 * 1354: Emperor Karl IV granted title of Margrave of Pont-a-Mousson (with the rank of HRE Prince) to Robert I of Bar
 * 1396: Robert I of Bar inherited the Lordship of Cassel after the death of his grandmother Yolande of Flanders
 * 1399: Pont-a-Mousson ceded by Robert I of Bar to his eldest surviving son Edward (d.1415)
 * 1480: Duchy of Bar permanently united with Duchy of Lorraine
 * 1634-1659, 1670-1697; 1702-1714: the Franch occupied the Duchies of Lorraine and Bar
 * 1766: Duchies of Lorraine and Bar finally annexed to France

Duchy of Berg

 * 1101: County
 * 1380: Duchy
 * 1437: To Duchy of Julich
 * 1511: To Duchy of Cleves
 * 1521: United with Mark and Cleves
 * 1609: War of Successions
 * 1582: HRE Council of Princes
 * 1609: To Palatinate-Neuburg
 * 1614: To Palatinate-Neuburg
 * 1685: To Electorate of the Palatinate
 * 1799: To Bavaria
 * 1801: Annexed to France
 * 1803: To Bavaria
 * 1811: To France
 * 1815: To Prussia

Duchy of Brabant

 * 1106: Emperor Henry V granted Counts of Louvain the Margraviate of Antwerp
 * 1158: Elevated to Duchy of Brabant
 * 1180: Dukes of Brabant elevated to Imperial Prince
 * ?: Conquered County of Toxandrie doubling Louvain's territory
 * 1190: Duke Henry I abandoned title of "Duke of Lower Lorraine" and assumed that of "Duke of Brabant"
 * 1204: Brabant acquired 1/2 of the Imperial Margraviate of Maastricht
 * 1244: Brabant conquered the County of Dalheim
 * 1283: John I of Brabant bought Duchy of Limburg from Adolf of Berg
 * 1288: After the Battle of Worringen, Brabant acquired the Duchy of Limburg, the Lordship of Herzogenrath and the Castles of Wassenberg and Kerpen
 * 1294-1312: John II of Brabant issued the "Charter of Cortenberg" bestowing liberties to his subjects
 * 1347: John III ceded Margraviate of Antwerp to his 2nd daughter, Margaret of Brabant, wife of Louis II of Flanders
 * 1390: Johanna, Duchess of Brabant, revoked her will granting succession to Brabant to House of Luxemburg and named her niece, Margaret of Flanders, as her heir
 * 1430: Dukes of Burgundy inherited Brabant


 * References
 * Duchy of Brabant
 * Introduction to the History of Belgium

Duchy of Brunswick

 * Lines
 * Brunswick-Celle
 * 1792: In Council of Princes
 * Brunswick-Grubenhagen
 * 1792: In Council of Princes
 * Brunswick-Kalenberg
 * 1792: In Council of Princes
 * Brunswick-Wolfenbuettel
 * 1792: In Council of Princes


 * Reference
 * History of Brunswick
 * The History of the Duchy of Brunswick
 * Succession Laws in the House of Welf (Braunschweig, Lüneburg, Hannover)
 * (German) The House of Welf

Duchy of Carinthia

 * 970: Margraviate of Carinthia
 * 1180: Duchy of Carinthia
 * 1286: To Counts of Gorizia
 * 1335: To Habsburg Austria
 * 1512 Austrian Circle
 * 1804: To Kingdom of Illyria


 * References
 * Carantha: History of Slovenia-Carantania

Duchy of Carniola

 * Krain
 * 1002: Margraviate of Carniola
 * 1054: Emperor Henry II creates a separate Carniola as a fief Duchy of Carinthia
 * 1071-1090: To Aquileia
 * 1237-1251: Imperial Administration
 * 1259-1269: To Aquileia
 * 1270-1918: To Habsburgs
 * 1364: Duchy of Carniola
 * 1512: Austrian Circle
 * 1803: Imperial Estate in Bench of Princes
 * 1805-1806: French occupation

Duchy of Cleves

 * Kleve
 * 1000's: County
 * 1368: United with County of Mark
 * 1417: Duchy of Cleve
 * 1521: United with Julich, Berg, Cleves and Mark
 * 1582: HRE Council of Princes
 * 1609: War of Succession
 * 1614 to Brandenburg
 * ?-1672: Occupied by United Provinces
 * To Prussia
 * 1795: French occupation
 * 1815: To Prussia

Duchy of Courland

 * References
 * Duchy of Courland, 1561-1795
 * Dukes of Courland
 * Princes Biron, Dukes of Curland (Courland)

Duchy of Gottschee

 * Reference
 * History of Gottschee

Duchy of Guelders

 * Gelderland, Geldern
 * 1339: HRE Prince, Duchy of Guelders; 1579: To United Provinces (except Upper Guelders)


 * References
 * Die Genealogie der Vögte, Grafen und Herzöge von Geldern (Google English translation)

Duchy of Holstein

 * Title: Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn, Ditmarshes, Lauenburg & Oldenburg
 * 1111: Emperor Lothair invested Adolf of Schaumburg (Schauenburg) as Count of Holstein and Stormarn
 * 1261: Division into Holstein-Itzehoe, Holstein-Kiel, Holstein-Pinneberg, Holstein-Plon, Holstein-Rendsburg, Holstein-Segeberg
 * 1386: Acquired Duchy of Schleswig
 * 1459: Line of Counts of Schaumburg extinct in Holstein when Adolf XI died
 * 1460: Dukes of Schleswig & Counts of Holstein
 * 1111: HRE County
 * 1474: HRE Duchy
 * 1474: Merged into Schleswig-Holstein
 * 1582: HRE Council of Princes
 * 1792: In Council of Princes


 * Lines
 * Holstein-Gluckstadt
 * 1448-1863: Kings of Denmark
 * 1448-1814: Kings of Norway
 * 1667/76-1773: Counts of Oldenburg & Delmenhorst
 * 1792: In Council of Princes
 * 1814-1864: Dukes of Lauenburg
 * Holstein-Gottorp


 * References
 * Schleswig-Holstein: Fundamentals of history

Duchy of Julich

 * Jülich

Duchy of Lauenburg

 * References
 * Classic Encyclopaedia: Lauenburg
 * Duchy of Lauenburg: 1261-1918
 * Sachsen-Lauenburg: List of Rulers

Duchy of Lorraine

 * Lotharingia
 * 1792: In Council of Princes
 * References
 * History of Lorraine

Duchy of Magdeburg

 * 968: Archbishopric of Magdeburg
 * 1635: Magdeburg given to Augustus of Saxe-Weissenfels
 * 1648: Archbishopric converted into a secular duchy
 * 1680: After the death of the last administrator, Duchy of Magdeburg fell to Prussia
 * 1773: "The area of the see was over 2000 sq. m. It included 29 towns and over 400 villages and contained about 250,000 inhabitants."
 * 1792: In Council of Princes
 * 1806: To Kingdom of Westphalia
 * 1814: Restored to Prussia


 * References
 * Classic Encyclopaedia: Magdeburg

Duchy of Mecklenburg

 * ?: Emperor Otto the Great divided the territory of Mecklenburg into two margraviates
 * 1060-1093: Mecklenburg ruled by Cruto, Prince of the Island of Rugen
 * 1170: Emperor Frederick Barbarossa raised Pribislav to the dignity of Prince of the Emppire
 * 1229: Division into Mecklenburg, Werle (ext. 1430), Rostock (ext. 1314) and Parchim (ext. 1316)
 * ?: Duke Henry the Lion acquired Stargard as dowry when he married Beatrice of Brandenburg
 * ?: Henry the Lion acquired Rostock after its line died out in 1314
 * 1348: Emperor Charles iIV made Albert II (d.1379) and John I (d.1392) dukes and princes of the Empire
 * 1352: Partition which gave rise to the Stargard line (ext. 1471)
 * 1358: Albert II purchased County of Schwerin
 * ?: Albert III of Mecklenburg elected King of Sweden in 1363
 * 1471: Henry the Fat (1422-1477) reunited all of Mecklenburg after extinction of Stargard line
 * 1536: Division between brothers Henry V (1503-1552) who became Duke of Schwerin and Albert VII (1503-1547) who became Duke of Gustrow
 * 1552: John Albert succeeded his father in Gustrow in 1547 and later his uncle in Schwerin in 1552
 * 1555: John Albert gave Schwerin to his brother Ulrich
 * 1610: Mecklenburg reunited
 * 1621: Division between Adolf Frederick I in Mecklenburg-Schwerin and John Albert II in Mecklenburg-Gustrow
 * 1628: Two dukes of Mecklenburg placed under imperial ban for aligning with Christian IV of Denmark in the Thirty Years" War
 * 1629: Mecklenburg transferred to the imperial general Albert von Wallenstein as an imperial fief
 * 1631: Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden restored the two dukes to their lands
 * 1635: Emperor recognized the two dukes in Mecklenburg after Wallenstein's downfall
 * 1648: By Peace of Westphalia, Bishoprics of Schwerin and Ratzeburg assigned to Mecklenburg-Schwerin as principalities; city of Wismar and districts of Poel and Newkloster were ceded to Sweden
 * 1692: Succession dispute after Christian Ludwig I died; claimants were his nephew, Frederick William, and Adolf Frederick II of Strelitz, Christian's only surviving brother
 * 1701: By Hamburg Compact mediated by the Emperor Leopold, Adolf Frederic II received the Principality of Ratzeburg and other territories; Frederick William got the rest of Mecklenburg; start of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and Mecklenburg-Schwerin lines based on where the 2 dukes decided to establish court
 * 1803: Sweden pawned city of Wismar and counties of Neukloster to Frederick Francis I for 1.25 million thalers
 * 1806: The two Mecklenburg duchies became independent and sovereign
 * 1808: The two duchies joined Napoleon's Confederation of the Rhine; left Confederation in 1813
 * 1815: Two rulers took title of Grand Duke and joined the German Confederation
 * 1903: Sweden indicated it would not redeem the above areas


 * Lines
 * Mecklenburg-Gustrow
 * 1792: In Council of Princes
 * Mecklenburg-Schwerin
 * 1792: In Council of Princes
 * Duke of Mecklenburg, Prince of the Wendes, Schwerin & Ratzeburg, Count of Schwerin, Lord of the Lands of Rostock & Stargard)


 * References
 * Meckleburg
 * Buckeburg Castle
 * Meckleburg


 * Genealogy
 * Medieval Lands: Mecklenburg


 * Rulers' List and Biography
 * Regnal Chronologies: Mecklenburg
 * Obodrite Rulers of Mecklenburg
 * Princes of Mecklenburg


 * Maps
 * Historical Map of Mecklenburg, 1789

Duchy of Nassau

 * Titles: Duke of Nassau, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Count of Sayn, Königstein, Katzenelnbogen & Dietz, Burgrave of Hammerstein, Lord of Mahlberg, Wiesbaden, Idstein, Merenberg, Limburg & Eppstein
 * 915: Nassau town founded
 * 1125: Nassau castle built
 * 1159: County
 * 1255: Division between Ottonian and Walramian branches and thereafter underwent numerous further partitions
 * 1366: Princely County
 * 1515: Counts gain title of Prince of Orange
 * 1737: Principality
 * 1806: Duchy
 * 1866: Annexed by Prussia


 * References
 * The House of Orange

Duchy of Pomerania

 * Lines:
 * Pomerania-Stettin
 * 1792: In Council of Princes
 * Pomerania-Wolgast
 * 1792: In Council of Princes


 * 995: Pomerania conquered by Boleslaw I of Poland
 * 1000's: Pomerania became an independent duchy
 * 1046: 1st "Pomeranian" Duke (Zemuzil of Slavia) appeared before Emperor Henry III in Merseburg
 * 1121-1138: Poland regained control of eastern Pomerania
 * 1156: Division into Pomerania-Stettin and Pomerania-Demmin
 * 1164: Duchy of Pomerania became a fief of Saxony
 * 1168-1180: Henry the Lion of Saxony conquered Pomerania
 * 1181: Dukes of Pomerania recognized by the German Emperor; Pomerania became an Imperial fief
 * 1184-1227: Pomerania came under Danish sovereignty
 * 1227: Imperial fief again
 * 1227: Duchy of Pomeralia (eastern Pomerania) became independent
 * 122*1231: Under Margrave of Brandenburg's feudal authority7: Duke Swantopelk II of Pomerelia acquired Counties of Schlawe & Stolp
 * 1236: Pomerania-Demmin accepted Brandenburg's feudal authority; Stargard transferred to Brandenburg
 * 1250: Margrave of Brandenburg enfeoffs 2 Pomeranian dukes with the whole of Pomerania
 * 1250: Barnim I acquired castle and territory of Wolgast
 * 1264: Pomerania-Demmin line died out
 * 1270: Rugen acquired County of Schlawe
 * 1277: Rugen sold Schlawe to Brandenburg
 * 1294: Pomeralia annexed to Poland
 * 1295: Division into Pomerania-Stettin & Pomerania-Wolgast
 * 1307: County of Stolp passed to Brandenburg
 * 1308/1309: Pomeralia acquired by Teutonic Knights
 * 1317: Duke Wartislaw IV acquired Schlawe-Stolp from Brandenburg
 * 1318-1347: County of Stolp acquired by Teutonic Knights
 * 1320: HRE Prince
 * Duchy of Further Pomerania (Hinterpommern, Eastern part)
 * Duchy of Hither Pomerania (Vorpommern, Western part)
 * 1325: Principality of Rugen passed to Pomerania
 * 1338: Recognized by German Empire
 * 1347: Pomerania acquired County of Schlawe after its dynasty died out
 * 1420: Pomerania came under Brandenburg sovereignty
 * 1440: Pomerania joined the Prussian federation
 * 1529: Pomerania gained imperial immediacy
 * 1532: Pomerania joined Lower Saxony Circle; divided into Hither and Further Pomerania
 * 1466: Teutonic Knights restored Pomerelia to Poland
 * 1627-1630: Pomerania occupied by imperial troops of Emperor Ferdinand II
 * 1630-1815: Swedish occupation
 * 1637: Pomerania granted to Elector of Brandenburg
 * 1637: Counties of Lauenburg & Butow passed to Poland
 * 1648: Treaty of Westphalia gave Hither Pomerania (western Pomerania, with Stettin, Stralsund & Rugen) & Farther Pomerania (eastern Pomerania with Stargard) to Brandenburg
 * 1657: Counties of Lauenburg & Butow fell to Brandenburg
 * 1720: Sweden lost half of Hither Pomerania to Prussia
 * To 1806: Kings of Sweden remained Princes of the HRE as owners of Swedish Pomerania
 * 1806-1813: French occupation
 * 1815: To Prussia


 * References
 * Biography of Pomeranian Rulers
 * History of Pomerania
 * Milestones in Pomeranian History
 * Pomerania
 * Pomerania

Duchy of Savoy

 * 1792: In Council of Princes

Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg

 * 1792: In Council of Princes

Duchy of Saxe-Coburg

 * 1792: In Council of Princes

Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
References:
 * The Ducal House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
 * Map of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, n.d.

Duchy of Saxe-Eisenach

 * 1792: In Council of Princes

Duchy of Saxe-Gotha
==Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg
 * 1260: Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg
 * 1792: In Council of Princes

Duchy of Saxe-Weimar

 * 1792: In Council of Princes

Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

 * Reference
 * Map of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg

 * 1260: Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg

Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein

 * Reference
 * History of Schleswig-Holstein
 * Schleswig-Holstein: Fundamentals of history


 * Maps
 * Schleswig-Holstein Territories in the 13th Century

Żagań

 * Sagan
 * To Bohemia, 1504

Lower Silesia

 * Wrocław (Breslau) (To Bohemia, 1335)
 * Brzeg (Brieg) (To Bohemia, 1675)
 * Głogów (Glogau) (To Bohemia, 1476)
 * Jauer
 * Legnica (Liegnitz) (To Bohemia, 1675)
 * Munsterberg
 * Oleśnica (Ols) (To Bohemia, 1476)
 * Świdnica (Schweidnitz) (To Bohemia, 1368)
 * Steinau

Neisse

 * Neiße

Opole

 * (Oppeln) (To Bohemia, 1532)

Duchy of Cieszyn

 * Teschen
 * 1625: To Crown of Bohemia

Troppau

 * 1195: 1st mention of Troppau
 * 1224: Granted German city rights
 * 1261 Bohemian King Ottokar II raised Troppau to a principality and gave it to his natural son, Nikolaus
 * 1377: Divided into principalities of Jagerndorf, Leobschütz & Troppau
 * 1460: Purchased by King George Podiebrad of Bohemia
 * 1485: George's son Viktorin traded it with King Matthias Corvinus
 * 1501: Johann Corvinus sold it to King Wladyslaw of Bohemia & HuUngary
 * 1511: Troppau incorporated into the Crown of Bohemia
 * 1526: Emperor Ferdinand I, as King of Bohemia, took possession of Troppau
 * 1613: Emperor Matthias invested the House of Liechtenstein with Troppau

Duchy of Styria

 * 1122-1129: Margrave Leopold I
 * acquired largge Eppenstein estates
 * separated Styria from Carinthia
 * 1147: the March of the River Drau devolved on the Margraves of Styria

Duchy of Swabia

 * References
 * The Duchy of Swabia
 * Genealogy of Dukes of Swabia
 * Map of Swabia

Duchy of Westphalia

 * Duchy of Wurttemberg (See Wurttemberg under Kingdom)

Duchy of Zahringen

 * Reference
 * Dukes of Zahringen