User:Rajofcanada/Royals and Nobles: How They Died

Assassinated, Murdered

 * Andrew, Duke of Calabria
 * Arthur I, Duke of Brittany was probably murdered personally by John of England or upon his orders.
 * Conrad II, Duke of Swabia, Duke of Swabia and Rothenburg, "was assassinated at Durlach 15 August 1196."
 * Henry III of France "...Having murdered his main Catholic rivals, Duke Henry and Cardinal Henry de Guise, he was himself knifed to death at St. Cloud on the 2 August 1589 by the stiletto of a Dominican monk, Jacques Clement...." p. 420
 * Hercule, Lord of Monaco was murdered by conspirators.
 * Hermenegild was captured by his father King Leovigild in 1584, sent into exile but was murdered or executed the following year at Tarragona by a certain Sisbert.
 * Lucien, Lord of Monaco was assassinated by his cousin Batholomew Doria.
 * Thomas I Komnenos Doukas was murdered by his nephew Count Nicholas Orsini of Cephalonia in 1318.

Executed

 * Aubrey de Vere, "...heir-apparent of the Lancastrian earl of Oxford, was executed with his father in 1462...."
 * Conradin was beheaded in Piazza del Mercato in Naples upon orders of Charles I of Naples
 * John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford was executed with his son Aubrey de Vere
 * Parisina Malatesta (c1404-1425), second wife of Niccolò III d'Este of Ferrara, was ordered executed for having an affair with his illegitimate son Ugo d'Este
 * Raoul II of Brienne, Count of Eu, Constable of France

Died or Killed in Battle

 * Sir Charles Berkeley, 1st Earl of Falmouth, 1st Viscount Fitzharding, "...died in action during a battle against the Dutch in Southwold Bay on June 2, 1665 along with Lord Muskerry and Mr. Boyle (son of the Earl of Burlington). All three were all killed by a single shot upon the quarter deck which almost hit the Duke of York...."
 * Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford was killed fighting with the royalist forces in the battle of Shrewsbury.
 * Sir Henry Stafford (c1447-1471), son of Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham
 * Henry of Burgundy, Count of Portugal, was "killed while claiming Zamora in 1112...." [Medieval Iberia
 * Louis I de Bourbon, prince de Condé was killed at the Battle of Jarnac, 1569.
 * Manfred of Sicily
 * Peter, Count of Gravina was killed in the Battle of Montecatini.
 * Roman the Great was killed in the Battle of Zawichost.
 * William II Longespée was "...slain fighting the Saracens at the Battle of Mansourah on the Nile in Egypt on February 7, 1249/50)...."
 * William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford died in the Battle of Cassel on February 22, 1071.

Poisoning

 * Ladislas of Naples was probably poisoned which allegation has not been proven.
 * Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor "...died, aged twenty-two, apparently from poison, which was said to have been given him by Stephania, the widow of Crescentius [self-styled Consul of Rome], who had deliberately set herself to win his affections that she might have an opportunity of avenging the death of her husband...."
 * Richard III, Duke of Normandy was poisoned in Rouen.
 * William de Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury "...died not long after his return to England at Salisbury Castle. Roger of Wendover alleged that he was poisoned by Hubert de Burgh...."

Disease or Illness

 * Albert II of Germany died of dysentery while leading a campagin against the Turks.
 * Alfonso XI of Castile died of "the plague in 1350 during the Castilian siege of Gibraltar...."
 * Gigliola da Carrara (c1382-1416), Marchioness of Padua, first wife of Niccolò III d'Este, died of the plague in 1416.
 * Ludovico II Gonzaga, Marquis of Mantua died of the plague.
 * Philip I of Burgundy died of the plague at the age of 17.

Suicide

 * John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset: "...The duke of Somerset committed suicide after a failed expedition during the Hundred Years' War, almost one year after the birth of his daughter Margaret (Beaufort) on 31 May, 1441...."

Died or Slain in Other Circumstances

 * [] was killed in a pistol duel with his brother-in-law, Francois of Vendome, Duke of Beaufort.
 * Edmund the Martyr was killed by Danes after defeating Edmund's forces in battle.
 * Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany died stomped by a horse during a tournament.
 * Hartmann of Habsburg(1263-1281) drowned in Rheinau after a shipwreck. Edward I of England considered him a possible husband for her daughter Joan of Acre.
 * Hercule of Monaco, son and heir of Honore II, Prince of Monaco, died as a result of an accident in 1651. Hercule's son succeeded as Louis I, Prince of Monaco.
 * Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham
 * Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan, was captured by the forces of French king Louis XII in 1500, imprisoned in France, where he died in a dungeon eight years later. p. 446
 * Maud de Braose, together with her son William de Braose (1175-1210), was imprisoned and starved to death by John of England for accusing the king of having Arthur I, Duke of Brittany murdered.
 * William Clito was killed fighting in Flanders.
 * William Longespee "...died from injuries received in a tournament at Blyth, Nottinghamshire 4 Jun 1256...."