User:Raksha H/sandbox

Perception is the means to see, hear, or become aware of something or someone through our fundamental senses. The term perception derives from

from the Latin word perceptio, and is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the presented information, or the environment.

All observation includes signals that go through the sensory system, which then result from physical or chemical incitement of the sensory system.[3] For instance, vision includes light striking the retina of the eye, smell is interceded by scent atoms, and hearing includes pressure waves.

Perception is not only the passive receipt of these signals, but it's also shaped by the recipient's learning, memory, expectation, and attention.[4][5] Perception can be split into two processes, [5]


 * (1) processing the sensory input, which transforms these low-level information to higher-level information (e.g., extracts shapes for object recognition);
 * (2) processing which is connected with a person's concepts and expectations (or knowledge), restorative and selective mechanisms (such as attention) that influence perception.

Perception depends on complex functions of the nervous system, but subjectively seems mostly effortless because this processing happens outside conscious awareness. [3] Since the rise of experimental psychology in the 19th century, psychology's understanding of perception has progressed by combining a variety of techniques.[4] Psycho-physics quantitatively describes the relationships between the physical qualities of the sensory input and perception.[6]

Sensory neuroscience studies the neural mechanisms underlying perception. Perceptual systems can also be studied computationally, in terms of the information they process. Perceptual issues in philosophy include the extent to which sensory qualities such as sound, smell or color exist in objective reality rather than in the mind of the perceiver.[4]

“Other senses in relation to perception enable body balance, acceleration, gravity, position of body parts, temperature, pain, time, and perception of internal senses such as suffocation, gag reflex, intestinal distension, fullness of rectum and urinary bladder, and sensations felt in the throat and lungs.” Although the senses were traditionally viewed as passive receptors, the study of illusions and ambiguous images has demonstrated that the brain's perceptual systems actively and pre-consciously attempt to make sense of their input.[4]

There is still active debate about the extent to which perception is an active process of hypothesis testing, analogous to science, or whether realistic sensory information is rich enough to make this process unnecessary.[4] The perceptual systems of the brain enable individuals to see the world around them as stable, even though the sensory information is typically incomplete and rapidly varying. Human and animal brains are structured in a modular way, with different areas processing different kinds of sensory information. Some of these modules take the form of sensory maps, mapping some aspect of the world across part of the brain's surface. These different modules are interconnected and influence each other. For instance, taste is strongly influenced by smell.[7]

In many ways, vision is the primary human sense. Light is taken in through each eye and focused in a way which sorts it on the retina according to direction of origin.

'''Vision begins when light strikes the retina. the information is then transmitted from the retina, where visual processing begins. One of the early processing areas occurs within the striate cortex, an area part of the visual cortex which is involved in processing visual information. The striate itself is connected to and surrounded by a half-dozen areas of the extrastriata cortex, an area involved in processing specific features of visual information. The neurons within the extrastriata cortex respond to more perceptually related features, such as the discrimination of color, motion, depth and texture'''

Social[edit]
Main article: Social perception

“Social perception is the part of perception that allows people to recognize and understand people and groups within the social world, ''' as this is essentially an interpretation of the social world this becomes an element of social cognition. The term cognition itself refers to the numerous ways through which information is received and processed. As perception, attention, memory, and action are examples of cognitive processes, they are all important in social interactions. In regards to social interactions, the way we interact is based on the input. Input being the signals from the environment that are detected by our sense organs. These signals or sensations are turned into perceptions on the basis of prior information and the current context. Consequently, decisions are then made about what should be done in response to these perceptions. Actions are then planned based on the and  the output is then initiated in the form of motor movements. This general framework of stimulus and response is in essence the process concerned with social stimuli.”'''