User:Ramosama/sandbox

Proposal for extension of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-monetary_economy and some slight rearrangements.

(introduction) A moneyless or non-monetary economy is a system for the allocation of goods and services as well as for the assignment of work without payment of money. The simplest example is the family houshold, which can be a system of obligations nevertheless.

Moneyless economies are studied in econometry, in particular, game theory and mechanism design. See the rationing example below.

When embedded in a monetary economy a moneyless economy represents work etc [keep existing introduction]

Forms of embedded non-monetary economies
Move 'Function' here as an introduction. Add '(embedded)' once. Add: see also the non-monetary aspects of mutual aid as an organisational theory. (same sections as 'Forms of the non-monetary economies but with 'embedded' added to the title. Add the following sections)

Moneyless interaction of individuals with the monetary economy
Individuals who agree with a participant of the monetary economy to exchange goods or services (reciprocation) or to receive them without any obligation (genuine gift.) For instance, begging for anything but money, perhaps in exchange of religious services, as is the case for mendicants. Examples of individuals:
 * 1) Raphael Fellmer
 * 2) Heidemarie Schwermer
 * 3) Carolien Hoogland
 * 4) Mildred Lisette Norman

Free contributions to the intellectual common good
This is a case of mutualism (see macroeconomies below) embedded in the monetary economy and restricted to intellectual labour. Typical examples are posting questions and answers on an internet forum and, of course, Wikipedia. In these cases, subsistence is usually guaranteed by the monetary economy. Categories of such contributions are Commons-based_peer_production, Open_source, Creative_Commons_license, and so on.

Moneyless microeconomies
This concerns moneyless economies embedded in a monetary economy but not necessarily interacting with it. (The distinction with previous categories is somewhat artificial.) One such case is rationing, which is a mechanism for allocating scarce goods. An example is uniform rationing, which (loosely speaking) serves first who asks least. Uniform rationing can also be arranged to more or less the same effect by paying certain prices.

Forms of non-monetary macroeconomies
The following is a list of moneyless systems which intend (or did) encompass an entire society.

Moneyless systems having a technological component
The following systems aim at moneyless societies, often aided by technology.
 * 1) Technology-driven, often centralised ("resource based") societies: the Zeitgeist movement, its related projects named Venus, Auravana, or Kadagaya in Peru, and the Money Free Party.
 * 2) The Technocracy movement, which proposes to replace money with energy certificates.
 * 3) Large-scale algorithmic distribution (as envisaged by Stefan Heidenreich) for negociating "matched transactions," each of which "has effects beyond all immediate participants." Yet, the procedure emulates money. "When our profiles, our likes, and our consumer histories are used to calculate who will buy what and where." The transactions are recorded and, along with utility/urgency and reputation/personal history, the "matches" are determined.

Other moneyless systems
In the following, technology is less emphasised.
 * 1) Mutualism in the sense of a (moneyless) economic theory. People contribute to a community without payment not only to help but also because they expect to be helped by a member of the community when in need (a selfish interpretation of solidarity.) So, the term 'mutualism' is understood as aid by the community ("commutualism") and not necessarily reciprocation.
 * 2) The redistribution economy like practiced by the Incas and its contemporary penchant, the Minka communal work.
 * 3) Labour vouchers, which are inalienable certificates of hours worked.
 * 4) Communist currents, ranging from libertarian proposals to the harsh reality of Democratic Kampuchea.
 * 5) Gift economies: other than the word suggests, the gift in such economies usually comes with an obligation to do something in return.
 * 6) Altruistic society: as proposed by Mark Boyle, a moneyless economy is a model "on the basis of materials and services being shared unconditionally" that is, without explicit or formal exchange.
 * 7) The subsistence economy, which caters only for essentials, often without money.
 * 8) Calculation in kind, which (in a restricted form) dispenses with any general unit of calculation when exchanging goods or services.
 * 9) Natural_economy, where resources are allocated through direct bartering, entitlement by law, or sharing out according to traditional custom.

== See also == (add)

Distributism Post-capitalism