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SYDNEY-THE BEAUTIFUL CITY
Footnotes	Coordinates:[6] Sydney (/ˈsɪdni/ (About this sound listen))[7] is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania.[8] Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds Port Jackson and sprawls about 70 km (43.5 mi) on its periphery towards the Blue Mountains to the west, Hawkesbury to the north, and Macarthur to the south.[9] Sydney is made up of 658 suburbs, 40 local government areas and 15 contiguous regions. Residents of the city are known as "Sydneysiders".[10] As of June 2017, Sydney's estimated population was 5,131,326.[11]

The Sydney area has been inhabited by indigenous Australians for at least 30,000 years.[12] Lieutenant James Cook first landed at Kurnell in 1770, when navigating his way up the east coast of Australia on his ship, HMS Endeavour. It was not until 1788 when the First Fleet, which contained convicts and was led by Captain Arthur Phillip, arrived in Botany Bay to found Sydney as a penal colony, the first European settlement in Australia.[13] Phillip named the city "Sydney" in recognition of Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney, Home Secretary in 1788.[14] The Sydney region is one of the richest in Australia in terms of Aboriginal archaeological sites,[15] with significant rock art and engravings located in the protected Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park.[16]

Since convict transportation ended in the mid-19th century, the city has transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural and economic centre. The municipal council of Sydney was incorporated in 1842 and became Australia's first city.[17] Gold was discovered in the colony in 1851 and with it came thousands of people seeking to make money.[18][17] Sydney became one of the most multicultural cities in the world after the mass migration following the second World War.[3] According to the 2011 census, more than 250 different languages were spoken in Sydney and about 40 percent of residents spoke a language other than English at home.[19] Furthermore, 36% of the population reported having been born overseas.[20][21]