User:Raq05/sandbox

Article Evaluation


 * I believe everything in this article is relevant to the topic. Nothing is distracting however, I believe the section with historical theories by Ravenstein and Lee could include more detail. Specifically in Lee's section, I think the listed "push factors" and "pull factors" can include sub bullet points to describe each "push" and "pull" factor.
 * This article appears to be neutral and I cannot identify any bias. However, it seems like this article focuses on only a select few historical theorists on human migration when there are numerous of contributing theorists with respectable work/ideas.
 * As I previously stated, I believe that the section with the historical theories by Ravenstein and Lee could be better described with more detail. In addition, all the theories are given short descriptions when they are all complex and can be written in more detail and depth.
 * The links work under the "references" list. However, I would like to see more information being pulled from more government websites and academic journals/articles.
 * The "talk" page includes many individuals criticizing the content of the article. The "talk" page allowed me to view this article with a more critical lense and I became more aware of how problematic this page on human migration is.
 * This page is a part of 7 wiki-projects and they are all highly ranked in importance.
 * This wiki article includes a lot of the theories we discussed in class, including the neoclassical economic theory. The most interesting theory we have not discussed in class but is included in this article is the osmosis theory. The osmosis theory uses the biology concept of osmosis as an analogy to human migration which is an interesting perspective. It simplifies the idea of human migration however, it is problematic because it does not fully capture human migration and its complexities.

History of Filipino Americans

Immigration History To add: American colonialism and imperialism have influenced and shaped the patters of migration of Filipinos to the United States. On December 10, 1898, the United States and Spain signed the Treaty of Paris that end the Spanish-American War. As a condition of the treaty, Spain relinquished its colonies to the United States, which included the Philippines for $20 million. Filipinos fought for their independence during the 15-year Philippine-American War however, the Philippines was under colonial rule until 1946.1 Because of this, Filipinos held colonial status which labeled them as U.S. nationals but, could not gain citizenship. The 1917 Immigration Act, also known as the Literacy Act or Asiatic Barred Zone Act, restricted Asian groups from migrating to the United States due to the rise of nativist sentiments. Since Filipinos were considered U.S. nationals, they were unrestricted. Many Filipino men migrated to the United States through the Pensionado program and through the recruitment of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters Association (HSPA). The Pensionado Act of 1903 allowed Filipino students to study abroad in the United States throughAmerican government authorization and funding. Through this program, American imperialists hoped to educate Filipino with American skills and values to utilize in the Philippines Due to the restrictions of other Asian groups, the HSPA turned to recruiting and employing Filipinos to alleviate the labor shortages of the plantations. Migrant labor was cheap and Filipinos held the colonial status that made hiring them practical and legal. During this period, there is a large influx of Filipino skilled workers, especially Filipino nurses. The Philippines became the world’s top sending country of nurses to the United States because of the establishment of Americanized nursing education in the Philippines and the shortage in qualified nurses. The Exchange Visitor Program (EVP) was established and this allowed Filipinos to study in the United States, earn their credentials, gain work experience, and return to the Philippines with their advanced skills. However, a majority of those remained in the United States to continue working there. In addition to the EVP, the Immigration Act of 1965 gave preference to “necessary” labor professionals, including nurses.10 In combination with the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act, the colonial and imperial relationship between the United States and the Philippines creates a unique historical experience during this migration wave.